RU2396240C2 - Explosive composition - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to industrial explosive substances. Explosive composition contains 92-38 wt % of granulated or crystalline ammonium nitrate, 2-6 wt % of oil-in water type emulsion and 2-60 wt % of energy additive. Emulsion of oil-in-water type consists of 70-80 wt % of mixture of vegetable oil, petroleum oil and Diesel fuel, 5.9-8 wt % of ammonium nitrate, 8-12 wt % of carbamide, 6-8 wt % of water and 0.1-1.5 wt % of emulsifier in form of derivatives of alkyl polyethylene glycol esters or polyoxyethylated esters of isotridecyl alcohol, or mono- and dialylphenyl oxypolyethyleneglycol asters, or polyoxyethylated esters of fatty acids. As enegy additive composition contains crashed to particle size 0.1-20 mm ballistic rocket solid fuel or powder, or hexogen, or mixture of phlagmatised hexogen with aluminium, or mixture of hexogen with trotyl, or mixture of hexogen with trotyl and aluminium, or powder-like trotyl, or their mixture, or aluminium or silicoaluminium with particle size 0.001-0.1 mm.

EFFECT: increase of detonation ability and explosion energy.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of production and use of industrial explosives used for blasting in mining.

Explosive compositions are known, including oxidizing ammonia nitrate (granular, crystalline) and an explosive sensitizer, which serves both as a fuel and energy additive - powdered or flake or granulated TNT, produced under the name grammonites or ammonites (ammonite No. 6, ammonites 79/21, 50 / 50, 30/70). These explosive compositions are used both in open and underground mining (Pozdnyakov Z.G., Rossi B.D. Handbook of industrial explosives and explosives. M: Nedra, 1977, 253 pp.).

Mixtures of TNT with nitrate during transportation and charging of holes and wells emit a significant amount of toxic dust and are easily electrified due to the dielectric properties of TNT. Most emergency situations arising from the loading of trotyl-containing explosives occur from the ignition of TNT dust by an electrostatic discharge spark.

The main factor characterizing the safety of using one or another type of explosive is their tendency to form finely dispersed explosive fractions during loading, which significantly increases the danger of work and worsens the sanitary and hygienic working conditions of personnel, especially when working in underground conditions. To reduce the dusting and electrification of TNT dust, a small amount of liquid fuel is introduced into these mixtures.

Known granular explosive composition, including: 0.5-3.5% mineral oil or a mixture of mineral oils as a liquid fuel, 0.5-4.0% water, 7.0-23.0% explosive sensitizer, as used scaled or granulated TNT, or recycled mixtures based on TNT and RDX or aluminum, or a mixture with a particle size of 0.5-50 mm, ammonium nitrate - the rest [1].

The disadvantage of this explosive composition is the low detonation ability associated with poor contact of liquid fuels with the surface of the particles of ammonium nitrate. This leads to a decrease in the energy of the explosion, an increase in the formation of harmful gases and a general deterioration in the quality of blasting.

Known granular explosive composition [2], including: 0.1-4.0% - industrial oil, 0.1-4.0% - water, 0.01-0.1 - surfactant - a condensation product of polyolefins with maleic anhydride and alkanolamine or a mixture thereof with ester of pentaerythritol and C17-C25 fatty acids or tallow oil fatty acids, while the surfactant is introduced into industrial oil, 5.0-21.0% of an explosive sensitizer, TNT flake or granular or recycled mixtures based on TNT or RDX, or aluminum, or a mixture thereof, ranulirovannaya ammonium nitrate, or the granulated mixture of ammonium and potassium, or ammonium and calcium nitrate - the rest.

A common drawback of these explosive mixtures is the separate existence of fuel and an oxidizing agent, which requires additional energy and time for grinding and mixing the components of the explosive mixture in the detonation front, which ultimately leads to a decrease in detonation ability and the real energy of the explosion.

An object of the invention is to increase the detonation ability, explosion energy, water resistance and safety during transportation and loading.

The technical result is achieved by the creation of an explosive composition, including granular or crystalline ammonia nitrate, liquid fuel and energy additive, while as a liquid fuel it contains an emulsion of the type "oil in water", consisting of 70-80 wt.% A mixture of vegetable oil, oil oil and diesel fuel, 5.9-8 wt.% ammonium nitrate, 8-12 wt.% urea, 6-8 wt.% water and 0.1-1.5 wt.% emulsifier in the form of derivatives of alkylpolyethylene glycol ethers or polyoxyethylene ethers isotridecyl alcohol, or mon o- and dialkylphenyl hydroxypolyethylene glycol ethers, or polyoxyethylated fatty alcohol esters, and as an energy additive, it contains ballistic rocket propellants crushed to particle sizes of 0.1-20 mm, or pyroxylin, or ballistic artillery gunpowder, or hexogen, or phlegmatized hexogen, or a mixture of phlegmatized RDX with aluminum, or a mixture of RDX with TNT, or a mixture of RDX with TNT and aluminum, or TNT powder, or flake, or granular, or a mixture thereof smiling, or aluminum, or silicoaluminum with a particle size of 0.001-0.1 mm in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Granular or crystalline ammonium nitrate 92.0-38.0 Oil-in-Water Emulsion 6.0-2.0 Energy supplement 2.0-60.0

An oil-in-water emulsion is a microemulsion having high adhesion to ammonium nitrate particles, which increases the physical stability of the composition.

The microparticles of such an emulsion have an outer shell consisting of an aqueous mineral-organic solution and an internal dispersed phase, which includes a mixture of vegetable oils with petroleum oil and diesel fuel.

The use of vegetable oils in an emulsion is due to the fact that they are lighter than liquid petroleum products and create persistent fine emulsions. This is due to the fact that vegetable oils, due to the polarity and the presence of hydrophilic functional groups (CO, COOH) of the molecules, reduce interfacial surface tension in emulsions, which facilitates their formation, and oil products (mainly non-polar paraffins) increase interfacial surface tension, which complicates the formation of persistent fine emulsions. Table 1 shows the surface tension (at 20 ° C) of liquid fuels and the interfacial surface tension in the "liquid fuel - water" systems.

Table 1 Surface tension, N / m, 10 ^-3 Interfacial surface tension, N / m, 10 ^-3 Toluene 28,4 Toluene - Water 36.1 Octane 21.77 Octane - Water 50.81 Hexane 18.43 Hexane - Water 51.1 Benzene 28.86 Benzene - Water 35.0 Oleic acid 32,5 Oleic acid - water 15.6 Olive oil 35.8 Olive Oil - Water 22.9

Due to the high penetrating power of this type of emulsion, there is no need to use porous ammonium nitrate. It was experimentally established that part of the emulsion, consisting of an aqueous solution of organic fuel - urea and part of oil oils, penetrates through the micropores and microcracks through the capillary effect into the structure of granules or crystals of ammonium nitrate throughout its mass, while part of the vegetable or oil oil remains on particle surfaces, creating a hydrophobic film, preventing the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water.

The presence in the composition of an energy additive, especially aluminum powders or explosive materials containing aluminum, significantly increases the overall energy and efficiency of the explosion.

Increasing the detonation ability of the explosive mixture through the use of particles of ammonium nitrate, "impregnated" with liquid fuel, can reduce the content of explosives (for example, TNT in ammonites and grammonites) or finely dispersed aluminum in the compositions of AC-4 or AC-8.

It was also found that the emulsion has the properties of an electrolyte, and explosive compositions based on it are electrically conductive and do not electrify during the manufacture and loading of holes and boreholes, which is extremely important when pneumatically loading holes and boreholes in underground conditions.

The measured electrical resistivity of the emulsion is 5-10 Ohm · m, the granules of ammonium nitrate impregnated with such an emulsion are less than 200 Ohm · m.

Tests have shown that bulk explosive compositions with an emulsion and an energy additive stably detonate in thin-walled polymer shells. Comparative characteristics of the new compounds are shown in table 2.

As follows from the above data, the proposed explosive composition has a high detonation ability, and surpasses existing industrial explosives of a similar purpose in safety of use.

A method of manufacturing an explosive composition is as follows.

Water, ammonium nitrate, urea and an emulsifier are loaded into a heated apparatus with a mechanical stirrer. After all the components are dissolved, a mixture of vegetable oil with petroleum oil and diesel fuel is introduced into the solution, the mixture is mixed until an emulsion is obtained.

The required amount of ammonium nitrate is loaded into a mechanical mixer and, with stirring, the energy additive and emulsion are dosed. The mixture is stirred until a homogeneous mass. The finished explosive mixture is sent to the packaging.

Literature

1. RF patent No. 2130447, C06B 31/28

2. RF patent No. 2263653, C06B 31/40, 31/16, 45/34

Claims (1)

Explosive composition, including granular or crystalline ammonia nitrate, liquid fuel and energy additive, characterized in that as a liquid fuel it contains an oil-in-water emulsion consisting of 70-80 wt.% A mixture of vegetable oil, petroleum oil and diesel fuel, 5.9-8 wt.% ammonium nitrate, 8-12 wt.% urea, 6-8 wt.% water and 0.1-1.5 wt.% emulsifier in the form of derivatives of alkylpolyethylene glycol ethers or polyoxyethylene ethers of isotridecyl alcohol or mono- and dialylphenyl hydroxypolyethylene glycol fatty alcohols or polyoxyethylated ethers of fatty alcohols, and as an energy additive, it contains crushed to a particle size of 0.1-20 mm ballistic rocket solid fuel or pyroxylin or ballistic artillery gunpowder, or hexogen, or phlegmatized hexogen, or a mixture of phlegmatized hexogen with aluminum or a mixture of RDX with TNT, or a mixture of RDX with TNT and aluminum, or powdered TNT, or scaled TNT, or granular TNT, or a mixture thereof, or aluminum or forces icoaluminium with a particle size of 0.001-0.1 mm in the following ratio of components, wt.%:
granular or crystalline ammonium nitrate 92-38 oil-in-water emulsion 6-2 energy supplement 2-60