RU226297U1 - Blind area panel - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of low-rise housing construction, and more precisely to the blind area panel, the design of which protects the foundation of construction projects from the effects of precipitation by removing moisture further from the base in order to prevent moisture from getting under the foundation. The inventive design also makes it possible to protect the soil from freezing and heaving, that is, an increase in the volume of soil at subzero temperatures due to the transformation of water into ice, the consequences of which can have a destructive effect not only on the blind area itself, but also on the foundation of the building. The essence of the utility model: the blind area panel, which is a one-piece structure, having on both sides of the panel ends with an L-shaped profile of the “half-tongue” connection type 5, consists of two layers: an upper drainage layer 1 made of compressed rubber crumbs and a polyurethane binder, as well as the bottom layer 2 of insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 30 mm to 130 mm. The bottom layer 2 of insulation is made of one sheet of extruded polystyrene foam. The bottom layer 2 of the insulation is made of two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam, connected to each other by gluing. The bottom layer 2 of the insulation is made of two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam, connected to each other by thermal soldering. In the upper drainage layer 1, a one-component polyurethane adhesive is used as a binder for crumb rubber. The upper water-repellent layer 1 has an L-shaped approach 4 to the lower layer 2 of insulation.

Description

Field of technology

The utility model relates to the field of low-rise housing construction, and more precisely to the blind area panel, the design of which protects the foundation of construction projects from the effects of precipitation by removing moisture further from the base in order to prevent moisture from getting under the foundation. The inventive design also makes it possible to protect the soil from freezing and heaving, that is, an increase in the volume of soil at subzero temperatures due to the transformation of water into ice, the consequences of which can have a destructive effect not only on the blind area itself, but also on the foundation of the building.

To ensure protection of the foundation from adverse weather conditions, the blind area is laid along the outer walls of the building. Typically, various building materials are used to form a blind area (concrete, asphalt, gravel, waterproofing films, paving and ceramic tiles), each of which solves a specific problem. The practice of using known materials for installing blind areas has shown that the following are unreliable: bulk blind areas, concrete blind areas, paving slabs, natural stone blind areas, since they are susceptible to freezing, which causes soil heaving. The consequences of this phenomenon may be the raising of areas of the blind area consisting of type-setting materials (tiles or stone), deformation of the blind area, the occurrence of cracks, the passage of moisture and destruction of the blind area.

To reduce this type of impact on the blind area and preserve the foundation of the building, labor-intensive measures are required. Most often, to solve these problems, slabs made of extruded polystyrene foam are additionally used to insulate the blind area. However, the need to use several types of building materials with the accompanying difficulties (supply, delivery, warehousing) complicates the work. In addition, the staging of construction work with strict adherence to the technological features of working with each of the materials, accordingly, leads to an increase in labor costs and the timing of the construction of the blind area.

Prior Art

Typically, several different materials are used to build a blind area, the combination of which simultaneously solves several problems to preserve the foundation. For example, using an expanded polystyrene slab as insulation, which is poured with concrete on top, protects the structure of the blind area and foundation from precipitation and sub-zero temperatures (https://www.termoplex.ru/13-otmostki.html). However, concrete is capable of overheating in summer and freezing in winter; When concrete gets wet, moisture can penetrate inside through many pores and capillaries, the freezing and expansion of which leads to damage to the concrete blind area and subsequently to damage to the foundation of the building. In addition, the use of several materials requires compliance with the technological features of working with each of them, which complicates the process of constructing the blind area and, if it is damaged, complicates its dismantling. Another example of such blind area structures (https://www.penoplex.ru/systems/teploizolyatsiya-plitnogo-fundamenta-sverkhu-chastny-dom/).

The closest technical solution chosen as a prototype is the “Building foundation blind area” known from the utility model patent No. 96132 (IPC E02D 27/00, published 07/20/2010). The blind area described in the patent is made of individual concrete blocks, the design of which includes protrusions on the sides that provide connection between the blocks and the ability to rotate relative to each other. The movable connection of the blocks ensures the durability of the blind area of the building's foundation, since it allows the structure to deform under the influence of frost heaving forces without destruction, and after thawing it returns to its original form.

In one of the special cases of a known solution, the design of a concrete block is shown, which has ends with an L-shaped profile on two sides, intended for connecting concrete blocks using the “half-tongue” type. This solution inherently simplifies and reduces the cost of the block manufacturing process, as well as the installation and dismantling of the blind area by minimizing excavation work.

The known technical solution has the following disadvantages. Making a blind area block from concrete does not solve the problem of soil heaving, since concrete blocks freeze without insulation. In addition, the concrete blocks themselves and the movable connection between them can be subject to the passage of water, which has a destructive effect on both the blind area itself and the foundation of the building.

Disclosure of utility model

The task to be solved by the claimed utility model is to prevent freezing of the blind area panels and near the foundation space to eliminate the impact of frost heaving forces on them, to remove moisture from the blind area and foundation while maintaining the simplicity of the design of the blind area panels and the ease of installation of panels for the construction of the blind area of the building.

The technical result is the absence of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the blind area panel device is a one-piece structure, has protrusions at the ends intended for the “half-tongue” type of connection, and consists of two layers: an upper drainage layer made of compressed rubber crumbs and a polyurethane binder and a lower layer insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 30 mm to 130 mm. It is preferable to make the insulation layer from one sheet of extruded polystyrene foam up to 100 mm thick. It is preferable to make the insulation layer from two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam, connected to each other by gluing. It is preferable to make the insulation layer from two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam, connected to each other by thermal soldering. It is preferable to use one-component polyurethane adhesive as a polyurethane binder for crumb rubber.

The achievement of the technical result was confirmed during experimental work begun at positive air temperatures in September 2023, during which the inventive blind area panel was laid close to the wall of the building in order to protect the foundation from precipitation and freezing.

The experiments were repeatable and consisted of laying several panels along one wall of the building without fastening to each other (the first case) and laying panels mounted with each other along one wall of the building (the second case). The ground on the opposite side of the building remained open.

The experiments were completed in February 2024, during which a comparison was made between the soil under the panels and the soil that remained open on the opposite side of the building. Snow, ice, and panels were removed from the indicated areas in order to determine the condition of the soil. On the side of the building that remained open, the ground under the snow was frozen to a depth of 30 cm.

Experiments carried out with panels laid without fastening to each other showed the same effect as experiments with blind areas fixed to the wall of the house, as well as to each other. In both of these cases, the soil, or rather the compacted sand cushion under the blind area panels, was dry and loose. Experiments conducted with blind area panels laid without fastening to each other showed that each panel separated from the others ensures the achievement of a technical result due to design features that made it possible to avoid getting wet and freezing of the soil under the panel and the appearance of frost heaving forces that destroy the foundation.

Thus, it was concluded that the design of the proposed blind area panel ensures the preservation of geothermal heat and the heat generated by the foundation of the house, protects the soil from freezing and at the same time ensures drainage from the base of the building over the entire width of the blind area panel.

Brief description of drawings

The utility model is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1-7), where in Fig. 1 shows the blind area panel, view front right; in fig. Figure 2 shows a blind area panel, the insulation layer of which is made of one sheet of extruded polystyrene foam, side view; in fig. Figure 3 shows a blind area panel, the insulation layer of which is made of one sheet of extruded polystyrene foam, rear view; in fig. Figure 4 shows a blind area panel, the insulation layer of which is made of two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam, side view; in fig. Figure 5 shows a blind area panel, the insulation layer of which is made of two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam, rear view; in fig. Figure 6 shows a “half-tongue” connection of two blind area panels, the insulation layer of which is made from one sheet of extruded polystyrene foam;

in fig. Figure 7 shows a “half-tongue” connection of two blind area panels, the insulation layer of which is made of two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam.

Implementation of a utility model

The blind area panel is a solid structural material consisting of two layers: an upper drainage layer 1 made of compressed rubber crumbs and a polyurethane binder and a lower layer 2 of insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 30 mm to 130 mm (Fig. 1-5).

The bottom layer 2 of insulation can be made of one sheet of extruded polystyrene foam, for example, up to 100 mm thick (Fig. 2, 3). The bottom layer 2 of insulation can be made of two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam, for example, with a thickness of 100 mm (Fig. 4, 5). The choice of the preferred embodiment of a blind area panel made of one or two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam is made based on the climatic zone of application and operation of the blind area panel (see Table 2).

Connecting sheets of extruded polystyrene foam to each other can be done by gluing using polyurethane, acrylic or any other adhesive compositions that do not contain organic solvents or thermal soldering. In fig. 4, 5, 7 show areas where 3 sheets of extruded polystyrene foam are connected to each other.

One-component polyurethane adhesive can be used as a polyurethane binder for crumb rubber. It is also permissible to use two-component polyurethane glue or rubber-bitumen mastic.

The upper water-repellent layer 1 has an L-shaped approach 4 to the bottom layer 2 of insulation (Fig. 2, 4).

On both sides of the blind area panel, the ends are made with an L-shaped profile using the “half-tongue” connection type 5 (Fig. 6, 7).

The device works as follows

The inventive blind area panel has a closed-porous structure, which is ensured by extruded polystyrene foam, consisting of a foamed mass of polystyrene extruded (extruded) through a mold (die) and frozen in certain dimensions. The gas bubbles are completely covered by a polystyrene shell, that is, each pore (bubble) is surrounded by polystyrene on all sides. Therefore, extruded polystyrene does not absorb water, unlike foam rubber, in which the pores are open. The use of extruded polystyrene foam with a closed-porous structure and minimal water absorption as an insulation layer allows for reliable waterproofing of the soil adjacent to the foundation.

The top layer 1 of the inventive blind area panel is made of rubber crumb and polyurethane binder. The selected materials also have water-repellent properties and, at the same time, anti-slip characteristics and plasticity, which provide the blind area panels with a long service life. In addition, these characteristics ensure that the blind area panel is resistant to aggressive environmental influences (moisture, ultraviolet radiation, temperature changes), which ensures the safety of the lower layer, soil and foundation from adverse conditions.

To protect the outside of the blind area panel from aggressive environmental influences, its design at the end part provides an L-shaped entry 4 of the upper drainage layer 1 onto the lower layer 2 of insulation, which additionally makes it possible to use the blind area panel with hidden borders - stops.

The bottom layer 2 of extruded polystyrene foam insulation provides effective thermal insulation of the foundation. The insulation is selected based on the requirements for certain properties that ensure maximum functionality of the blind area panel. The defining indicators are compressive strength, water absorption, operating temperature range and thermal conductivity. Based on the totality of indicators, today the leading position is occupied by extruded polystyrene foam (see Table 1).

Table 1 - physical and mechanical properties of extruded polystyrene foam boards.

Name Test method Dimension Slab indicator Compressive strength at 10% linear deformation*, not less GOST EN 826 kPa (t/ ^m2 ) 250 (25) Water absorption in 24 hours, no more GOST EN 12087 % by volume 0.4 Thermal conductivity at (10±0.3) °C, no more GOST 7076 W/(m⋅K) 0.034 Operating temperature TU 5767-006-56925804-2007 °C from -50 to +75

The selected insulation ensures the rigidity of the blind area panel structure with minimal water absorption and maximum thermal insulation. In addition, due to the low density of the panels, the blind areas are light in weight, which significantly reduces the effort of transportation and installation.

The thickness of the bottom layer 2 of insulation can vary from 30 mm to 130 mm depending on the climatic zone of application, including by duplicating (gluing) several insulation boards.

The bottom layer 2 of insulation, consisting of one sheet of extruded polystyrene foam, can be made with a thickness of 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 mm. The indicated values are standard items in the size range of extruded polystyrene manufacturers. In addition, there is a production limit on the thickness of polystyrene extrusion, in which the maximum thickness of one sheet of extruded polystyrene foam is 100 mm. In this case, to achieve a thickness of the bottom layer 2 of insulation of 110 mm, two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 50 and 60 mm, connected to each other by gluing or thermal soldering, can be used.

Thus, if the calculated thickness of the insulation in the product, based on the climatic zone of application and operation, is less than or equal to 100 mm, then it is preferable to make the insulation layer from one sheet of appropriate thickness. If the estimated thickness of the insulation is more than 100 mm, it is preferable to make the insulation layer from two sheets of extruded polystyrene of the appropriate thickness, connected to each other by gluing or thermal soldering.

Below is the information necessary to select the minimum thickness of the insulation layer according to climatic zones (Table 2). According to the information from Table 2, a minimum thickness of 30 mm allows limiting the transfer of heat from heated soil to the external environment and is applicable at construction sites located in the Astrakhan, Volgograd, Kaliningrad, Krasnodar, Rostov, Stavropol climatic zones.

Table 2 - Insulation thicknesses according to climatic zones.

Cities Insulation thickness, mm Cities Insulation thickness, mm Arkhangelsk 70 Omsk 130 Astrakhan thirty Eagle 50 Barnaul 130 Orenburg 70 Belgorod 50 Penza 70 Blagoveshchensk 110 Permian 80 Velikiy Novgorod 50 Petrozavodsk 70 Vladivostok 50 Pskov 50 Vladimir 50 Rostov-on-Don 40 Volgograd 40 Ryazan 50 Vologda 60 Samara 80 Voronezh 50 Saint Petersburg 50 Ekaterinburg 80 Saransk 50 Izhevsk 80 Saratov 70 Irkutsk 110 Smolensk 50 Kazan 70 Stavropol 40 Kaliningrad thirty Syktyvkar 80 Kaluga 50 Tambov 50 Kemerovo 110 Tver 70 Kostroma 50 Tomsk 110 Krasnodar thirty Tula 50 Krasnoyarsk 110 Tyumen 110 Mound 90 Ulyanovsk 80 Kursk 50 Ufa 90 Lipetsk 60 Khabarovsk 110 Magadan 130 Cheboksary 60 Moscow 50 Chelyabinsk 70 Murmansk 70 Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk 60 Nizhny Novgorod 60 Yaroslavl 70 Novosibirsk 130 - -

Thus, the claimed range of thickness of the bottom layer 2 of insulation from 30 mm to 130 mm is optimal, since the values included in the specified ranges provide thermal insulation of the foundation of construction projects in various climatic zones. Insulation of the foundation and basement increases the energy efficiency of the building, shifts the freezing point and, as a result, protects the foundation from the forces of frost heaving. When using a blind area slab, the bottom layer 2 of which is made with a thickness less than the specified limits, the thermal insulation of the foundation cannot be ensured and then the soil freezes. When using a blind area slab made of extruded polystyrene foam with large parameter limits, there is technological redundancy.

To protect the foundation along the entire perimeter of the house, several panels can be laid close to the foundation (basement) of the building on a hard surface, for example, compacted sand or concrete with a slope from the building of 3°-10°, which allows for more efficient removal of moisture from the base and foundation of the building. Convenient installation of the panels is carried out due to the ends with an L-shaped profile available on both sides of the blind area panel structure, made according to the “half-tongue” connection type 5. Due to the specified connection, the panels are laid with insulation covering the joint and ensures the elimination of “cold bridges” in assembly seams, which can additionally be filled with foam. As a result of installing the blind area panels along the perimeter of the building, an insulated continuous belt is obtained for the width and depth of the blind area slab, which makes it possible to shift the level of soil freezing from the foundation towards the street.

The upper drainage layer of 1 panel of the blind area, among other things, can be a finishing decorative material. The upper drainage layer 1 can be made in different colors. Adding color to the mixture of crumb rubber and polyurethane binder can paint the mass in almost any color, which gives a lot of options for decorating the local area.

In addition, the blind area panels, thanks to their durable, smooth and non-slip surface made of rubber crumbs, can be used to build a path around the house or as a garden path, when wet, the surface of the top layer, consisting of rubber crumbs with a polyurethane binder, remains non-slip and safe from falls .

Claims (6)

1. The blind area panel, which is a one-piece structure, having on both sides of the panel ends with an L-shaped profile of the “half-tongue” type connection 5, characterized in that the panel consists of two layers: an upper drainage layer 1 made of compressed rubber crumbs and polyurethane binder, as well as the bottom layer 2 of insulation made of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of 30 mm to 130 mm. 2. The blind area panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom layer 2 of the insulation is made of one sheet of extruded polystyrene foam. 3. The blind area panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom layer 2 of the insulation is made of two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam connected to each other by gluing. 4. The blind area panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom layer 2 of the insulation is made of two sheets of extruded polystyrene foam, connected by thermal soldering. 5. The blind area panel according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper drainage layer 1 a one-component polyurethane adhesive is used as a binder for crumb rubber. 6. The blind area panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper drainage layer 1 has an L-shaped approach 4 to the lower layer 2 of insulation.