RU2261597C2 - Method for controlling of roundworms as agents of culture crop diseases - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular protection pf potato, cucumber, tomato, flowers and other culture crops from fitohelminth.

SUBSTANCE: claimed method includes soil treatment with crystal complex peroxide compounds in amount of 100-200 g/m² or 0.1-3 % aqueous solutions thereof in amount of 5-10 l/m².

EFFECT: environmentally friendly method with decreased toxicity.

8 tbl, 8 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, specifically to the use of known peroxo compounds as nematicides.

Phytoparasitic nematodes, including cyst-forming potato and root gall nematodes, belong to the class Nematoda (Nemathelminthes) of primary-cavernous worms belonging to low-organized multicellular bisymmetric animals (1).

Parasitic plant nematodes, having a wide range of host plants, remain in the soil for a long time without losing their pathogenic properties, which leads to crop losses and a decrease in its quality. For example, a potato cyst-forming nematode causes a loss in potato yield from 35 to 98% (2, 3, 4).

Preparations recommended until 1996 for the control of Golden Potato Nematode (ZKN): chloropicrin, DD, see, heterophos, dazomet, thiazone, carbation were banned due to their high toxicity and poor sanitary and hygienic conditions during their use.

In fact, there are currently no nematicides approved for potato nematode control (5).

A known method of combating the gall nematode of cucumbers and tomatoes using the chemical preparation Vidat, approved for closed ground. The drug is used in doses (50 kg / ha or 1 g per plant) and, due to its high toxicity, work in greenhouses is prohibited for 20 days after its application (5).

The aim of the invention is the use of nematicides with less toxicity and greater environmental safety.

As preparations (6) possessing the properties of soil nematicides, it is proposed to use one or more crystalline or their aqueous solutions of peroxide chemical compounds:

1. complex peroxide compounds:

- one (many) nuclear peroxyacids;

- salts of one (many) nuclear acids: peroxophosphates (phosphates, polyphosphates, pyrophosphates, diphosphates), ammonium, alkali or alkaline earth metals;

2. complexes (peroxosolvates) of hydrogen peroxide of fluoride of alkali and alkaline earth metals, ammonium fluoride hydrate;

3. complexes (peroxosolvates) of hydrogen peroxide of ammonium salts, alkali or alkaline earth metals, peroxophosphate, peroxophosphonate, pyroxodiphosphate, pyroxyl polyphosphate.

When crystalline or aqueous solutions of peroxide chemicals or mixtures thereof are introduced into the soil, they suppress cyst-forming and gall nematodes, rhizospheric infection and increase the yield of agricultural, fruit and flower and ornamental and crops both in open and in protected ground.

Example 1. In the conditions of closed ground during the second cultivation of cucumber (July-October) peracetic acid was used by watering the soil three days before transplanting the seedlings with a 0.5% solution against gall nematode. The consumption rate of the solution is 5 l / m ² . In the standard, the chemical preparation Vidat (1 g per 1 plant) was added to the well before transplanting. In the control used water.

Analysis of plant roots showed that when using the drug, the degree of root damage by the gall nematode was 20.8%, in the standard - 36.7%, and in the control - 73% (Table 1). A similar effect is confirmed by the gall formation index.

Example 2. Vegetation vessels with a capacity of 6.0 kg were filled with contaminated potato nematode soil. The initial infection was 156 cysts per 100 cm ^{3 of} soil.

The soil was watered with peracetic acid solutions of the required concentration at the rate of 360 ml per vessel.

After 7 days, 3 tubers of susceptible Lorch potato were planted in vessels. Potatoes were grown for 3 months. During the vegetation period, plants were irrigated to maintain 60-80% of soil moisture from PV.

The repetition of experiments 2 times. The control was contaminated soil without treatment.

At the end of the test, cysts were isolated from the soil by the funnel-flotation method and subjected to analysis by microscopy according to the existing method.

The test results are presented in table 2.

From the table it follows that peracetic acid at a concentration of 0.6% reduces by 58.6%, and at a concentration of 2.0% it completely inhibits the invasion of potato nematode in the soil.

Example 3. In laboratory experiments in vitro, the effect of the nematicidal action of peroxo-containing phosphates and phosphanates on cysts of potato nematodes was investigated.

10 cysts of potato nematode containing an average of 156 live eggs and larvae were placed in test tubes with the solutions of the tested preparations. After 10 days, the contents of the cysts were examined by conventional methods under a microscope.

Table 3 presents the results of a study of the effect of drug solutions on cyst viability.

From the data given in the table, it follows that preparations 2 and 3 in all tested concentrations led to 100% death of eggs and larvae, and complete destruction of the cyst membranes was noted.

Under the action of solutions of preparations 1, 4 and 5, the death of eggs and larvae in cysts from 20 to 50% depending on the concentration was noted.

In the control variant (water), the death of eggs and larvae in cysts was not noted.

Example 4. In laboratory experiments, solutions of preparations 2 and 3 were tested in Petri dishes to identify their effects on potato nematode cysts in the soil.

For this, 50 cm ^{3 of} soil containing 46 viable cysts (or 1553 eggs and larvae) were placed in Petri dishes.

Then, 40 ml of test solutions in various concentrations were poured into each cup. After 5 days, as the soil dries, the plates were watered to maintain 60-80% of the soil moisture from the PV.

After 10 days, cysts were isolated from the soil by the flotation-funnel method and 10 pieces from each experiment were analyzed by microscopy with the calculation of viable contents.

The test results are presented in table 4.

From the data given in the table, it follows that preparations 2 and 3 at concentrations of 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 percent lead to the complete death of viable contents in cysts. In the control variant, a decrease in soil contamination occurred due to the natural exit of larvae from cysts.

Example 5. In laboratory-vegetation experiments, we studied the effect of peroxo-containing phosphates on the viability of cysts of potato nematodes with the simultaneous planting of potato plants.

Vegetation vessels with a capacity of 1.0 kg were filled with soil infected with potato nematode. The initial infection was 168 cysts or 26073 eggs and larvae in 100 cm ^{3 of} soil.

The soil was poured with solutions of the tested preparations of the required concentration at the rate of 120 ml per vessel.

After 7 days, one tuber of susceptible Lorch potato was planted in the vessels. Potatoes were grown for 3 months. During the vegetation period, plants were irrigated to maintain 60-80% of soil moisture from PV.

The repetition of experiments 3 times. The control was contaminated soil without treatment.

At the end of the test, cysts were isolated from the soil by the funnel-flotation method and subjected to analysis by microscopy according to the existing method.

The test results are presented in table 5.

From the data of the table it follows that the use of drug 3 in concentrations from 0.05 to 1.0% made it possible to inhibit the development of the nematode in the soil in comparison with the control by 1.8-2.4 times.

The use of the drug 4 in concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0% led to disinfection of the soil from invasion of the nematode. However, when using a solution in a 5.0% concentration, a slowdown in the growth and development of potato plants was observed compared to the control.

Example 6. In laboratory experiments in vitro, the effect of the nematicidal effect of potassium fluoride peroxosolvate (KF-H202) on potato nematode cysts was investigated.

In test tubes with aqueous solutions of the drug at a concentration of 0.37; 0.75; 1.50; 3.0 5.0 and 10.0% were placed on 10 cysts of potato nematode containing on average 76 live eggs and larvae in each cyst. Control is water.

After 1-10 days, the contents of the cysts were examined to determine the viability of eggs and larvae by conventional microscopic techniques.

Table 6 presents the results of a study of the effect of drug solutions on the viability of cysts.

From the data of the table it follows that the death of eggs and larvae in cysts after 10 days at concentrations from 0.37 to 3.0% was 57.9 to 96% of the initial number, and at a concentration of 5.0 and 10.0%, the death eggs and larvae after 3 days was 80%.

In the control variant, the death of eggs and larvae amounted to 5% of the initial amount.

Example 7. In the growing experiments, the biological effectiveness of calcium peroxide, urea peroxyhydrate and their mixtures against the southern gall nematode was tested on cucumbers of the Competitor variety.

A mixture of preparations of calcium peroxide and urea peroxyhydrate has a biological effectiveness equal to the action of each drug individually when used in double doses.

The test results are presented in table 7.

Example 8. In in vitro experiments, peroxosolvate peroxodiphosphoric acid was added to culture media at concentrations of 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5%. After sowing fungi and bacteria, Petri dishes were kept at a temperature optimal for each pathogen for 7–10 days, then the degree of growth of mycelium of fungi and bacterial colonies was taken into account.

The test results are presented in table 8.

From the data of the table it follows that the causative agents of potato diseases: common scab, rhizoctoniosis, late blight, rubber rot and black leg completely lost their viability when exposed to the drug at a concentration of 1.0 and 1.5%. The same result was obtained against ascochitosis of cucumbers, lupine gloosporium, fungi that cause fusarium, white and gray rot of the root system of various crops (root rot).

In the control variants, the tested fungi and bacteria developed normally.

Table 1
The effectiveness of peracetic acid in experiments against gall nematodes in closed ground Name of drugs Consumption rate per 1 m ² The degree of gall damage to the root system,% Gallation Index (I _g ) Peracetic acid 5 l of a 0.5% solution 20.8 2.1 Vidat 1 g per well when planting seedlings 36.7 3,7 The control - 73 6.2

table 2
The effect of peracetic acid on the viability of potato nematode cysts in the soil Chemical compound % active oxygen % DV in experience Test results Number of cysts analyzed, pcs. The average number of live eggs and larvae in cysts, pcs. % live eggs and larvae from the original at the beginning of the experiment in the end; experience Peracetic acid 0.6 10 145 60 41,4 1,0 10 110 3.0 2.7 2.0 10 150 0 0 The control water - 10 65 235 361.8

Table 3
The effect of peroxo phosphates on cysts of potato nematodes in vitro Chemical compound % active oxygen % DV in experience Test results Number of cysts analyzed, pcs. The average number of live eggs and larvae in cysts, pcs. at the beginning of the experiment at the end of the experiment one
peroxophosphate Н ₃ PO ₄ • Н ₂ O ₂ 6 1 10 156 39 3 10 156 78 2
peroxosolvate peroxodiphosphoric acid
H ₄ P ₂ O ₈ · 4H ₂ O ₂ 24 0.1 10 156 0 0.5 10 156 0 1 10 156 0 2 10 156 0 3 10 156 0 3
peroxosolvate disubstituted potassium phosphate
K ₂ HPO ₄ · 2H ₂ O ₂ 12 0.1 10 156 0 0.5 10 156 0 1 10 156 0 2 10 156 0 3 10 156 0 4
peroxosolvate of potassium salt of phenylphosphonic acid
С ₆ Н ₅ РО ₃ НК · Н ₂ O ₂ 6 1 10 156 37 3 10 156 79 5
peroxosolvate of monosodium salt of phosphonoacetic acid
NOSOSN ₂ RO ₃ NaH · N ₂ O ₂ 8 1 10 156 39 3 10 156 80 The control Water - 10 156 147

Table 4
The effect of peroxo-containing phosphates on the potato nematode cysts in the soil Chemical compound % active oxygen % DV in experience Test results Number of cysts analyzed, pcs. The average number of live eggs and larvae in cysts, pcs. % live eggs and larvae from the original at the beginning of the experiment at the end of the experiment 2
H ₄ P ₂ O ₈ · 4H ₂ O ₂ 24 0.1 10 1610 60 3,7 0.5 10 1400 twenty 1.4 1 10 1430 0 0 1,5 10 1580 0 0 2 10 1560 0 0 3 10 1750 0 0 3
K ₂ HPO ₄ · 2H ₂ O ₂ 12 0.1 10 1710 60 3.9 0.5 10 1590 twenty 1.8 1 10 1470 0 0 1,5 10 1520 0 0 2 10 1530 0 0 3 10 1480 0 0 The control Water - 10 1560 1528 97.9

Table 5
The effect of peroxo phosphates on the viability of potato nematode cysts Chemical compound % active oxygen % DV in experience Test results The average number of living cysts in 100 cm ³ soil, pcs. at the beginning of the experiment at the end of the experiment % of the original 2
H ₄ P ₂ O ₈ · 4H ₂ O ₂ 24 0.05 168 153 91.0 0.1 168 148 88.1 0.3 168 125 74,4 0.5 168 116 69.0 1,0 168 115 68,4 3
K ₂ HPO ₄ • 2H ₂ O ₂ 12 0.5 168 91 54,2 1,0 168 40 23.8 2,5 168 0 0 5,0 168 0 0 The control No processing - 168 281 167.3

Table 6
The effect of potassium fluoride peroxosolvate on potato nematode cysts in vitro Chemical compound % active oxygen % in experience Test results The average number of live eggs and larvae in cysts, pcs. % death of eggs and larvae from the original source after 3 days after 10 days

KF · H ₂ O ₂

17.4 037 76 - 32 42.1 0.75 76 - fifteen 19.7 1,5 76 - eighteen 23.6 3.0 76 - 0 100 5,0 76 39 - 48.7 10.0 76 14 - 81.5 The control Water - 76 - 71 6.6

Table 7
The biological effectiveness of calcium peroxide, urea peroxyhydrate and their mixtures in the fight against southern gall nematode on cucumbers No. Option Dose, g / m ² The mass of plants, g Contamination, gall / plant Biological Efficiency (%) 1 Control (no processing) - 139.4 357.6 - 2 Calcium peroxide 200 131.8 187.8 47.5 3 Urea Peroxyhydrate 100 155.2 199.0 44.3 4 Urea Peroxyhydrate + Calcium Peroxide fifty
+
one hundred 152.4 232,4 35.0

Table 8
Test results of peroxysolvate peroxodiphosphoric acid (H ₄ P ₂ O ₈ · 4H ₂ O ₂ ) against pathogenic species of fungi and bacteria in an in vitro experiment The name of the type of organism and the affected culture The concentration of the drug according to D.V.,% 0.5 1,0 1,5 Mushrooms Streptomyces scabies potatoes 0 0 0 The control + + + Rhizoctonia solani potato - 0 0 The control - + + Phythophtora infestans potato - 0 0 The control - + + Geotrichum candidum potato - 0 0 The control - + + Fusarium oxysporum crop complex + 0 - The control + + - Selerotinia selerotiorum crop complex 0 0 - The control + + - Botryris cinerea crop complex + 0 - The control + + - Ascochyta cucumis cucumber + 0 - The control + + - Gloeosporium lupini lupine 0 0 - The control + + - Bacteria Pectobacterium phythophtorum potato - 0 0 The control - + + Note: + - the pathogen is viable,
0 - pathogen died,
- no studies

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Filipiev I.N. Nematodes are harmful and useful in agriculture. - Ogiz, Selkhozgiz, 1934, ML, 3 pp.

2. Instructions for the identification of golden and pale potato nematodes and measures to combat them. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1988 .-- 45 p.

3. An integrated system of measures to protect potatoes from diseases, pests and weeds: Recommendations. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1986 .-- 45 p.

4. Pokrovskaya T.V. Meloidoginosis and the fight against gall nematodes. - M .: Nauka, 1988 .-- 111 p.

5. List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation for 2002 - M., Appendix to the journal “Plant Protection and Quarantine”, No. 6, 2002

6. V.V. Buyanov, V.P. Nikolskaya, O. B. Pudova, I. P. Suprun, K. V. Titova. Peroxosolvates in disinfectology. SSC GosNII Biological Instrumentation. Chernogolovka. 2000 year

Claims (1)

A method of controlling nematodes - pathogens of agricultural plants, including treating the soil with a chemical preparation, characterized in that crystalline complex peroxide compounds in doses of 100-200 g / m ² or their 0.1-3% aqueous solutions are used as the chemical preparation flow rate 5-10 l / m ² .