RU2253640C1 - Method of utilizing waste waters produced in the urea peroxyhydrate filtration stage - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mineral fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: waste water intended to be utilized as fertilizer is diluted with water to content of urea peroxyhydrate 0.1-1.5% for leaf-feeding of plants and to 10-50% of urea peroxyhydrate for root nutrition of plants.

EFFECT: utilized nutritive, fungicidal, and nematocidal properties of waste waters.

5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of crop production, specifically to the use of wastewater - an aqueous solution of urea peroxyhydrate (PGM), formed at the stage of filtering the production of the drug as a nitrogen-oxygen-containing agrochemical - fertilizer with ameliorative, growth-promoting, nematicidal and fungicidal properties.

PGM is a complex chemical compound of urea (urea) with hydrogen peroxide CO (NH) ₂ · H ₂ O ₂ .

The technical preparation contains at least wt.%: Urea - 64.3, hydrogen peroxide - 35 and, therefore, nitrogen - 29 and oxygen - 15.2-18%. (1, 2) Urea is used as a concentrated nitrogen fertilizer (3). Hydrogen peroxide has bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal and sporocidal properties and is used to obtain disinfectants (4).

PGM is used as the main component of bleaching, disinfecting and disinfecting agents, as well as medical and cosmetic preparations (4).

This proposal solves the problem of using an aqueous solution of PGM filtrate obtained at the PGM facilities in Khimprom OJSC (Novocheboksarsk) and Sintez OJSC (Dzerzhinsk), ensuring the environmental safety of wastewater disposal and includes diluting the wastewater of the PGM production with water to concentrations that allow its use as a fertilizer for root and / or foliar top dressing of various crops and plants.

The solution proposed for use contains, wt.%: 20-22 - PGM, 0.3-0.4 - free urea and 0.05-0.06 - citric or oxalic acid, the rest is water.

The composition is stable, soluble in water. The warranty shelf life is 6 months when stored in plastic, aluminum (according to GOST 21029-75 or TU 6-02-12-131-87) and glass containers at a temperature of no higher than 30 ° C.

The effect of PGM and its aqueous solution on the invasion of Golden Potato Nematode (ZKN) and the development of plants of the nematode-resistant varieties of Rikea potatoes were studied for 4 months (May-September 2002) on a plot of 50 m ^{2 of} natural foci of potato nematode with an initial infection of 15 cysts. 100 cm ³ (d. Aparikh, Ramensky district, Moscow region) PGM was used under the conditions given in table 1.

Urea and PGM were distributed evenly over the soil surface and were shoveled to a depth of 20-25 cm. Then a nematode-resistant variety of Rikea potatoes was planted. PGM was also introduced into the soil in an aqueous solution of 50 and 100 g / m ² at 10 l / m ² for shoots of potatoes.

The experiment was repeated three times.

The control was soil without treatment with PGM, and the standard was urea at a dose of 50 g / m ² . During the growing season, a set of agrotechnical measures recommended for this zone was carried out at the site.

The test results are shown in table 1.

From the data of table 1 it follows that PGM in all doses reduces the viability of SCZ cysts and larvae in the soil, increases the number of stems, plant height and potato yield.

The effect of PGM - 50 g / m ² on the potato development efficiency is almost the same as the urea dose - 50 g / m ² despite the fact that PGM contains 35% less urea.

An aqueous solution of PHM in a dose of 50 g / m ^{2 is} also somewhat more effective compared to the same dose of urea and PHM introduced into the soil in the solid phase before planting potatoes.

A dose of PGM 100 g / m ² does not have a phytotoxic effect and, to a greater extent than a dose of 50 g / m ² , contributes to an increase in potato yield and a decrease in invasion of ZKN in the soil.

Thus, an aqueous solution of the PGM preparation can be used for root feeding of potatoes.

The fungicidal activity of PGM aqueous solutions was studied on pure cultures in vitro and on cucumbers affected by powdery mildew of Erysiphe cuchoraccarum.

PGM was added to апapek agar before being bottled in Petri dishes. On the seventh day of fungal growth, the diameter of their colonies was measured. The experiment was repeated three times.

The results are shown in table 2.

The influence of an aqueous solution of PGM on cucumbers affected by powdery mildew, against the background of the onset of the development of the disease, was carried out in the greenhouse of the AO Nazaryevo (Moscow region, Odintsovo district).

The drug was tested on an area of 150 m ² for each option. The treatment was carried out by spraying plants with freshly prepared working solution until the leaves were completely wetted. The results were determined by the presence of coating of the leaf surface with fungal colonies, as well as by measurements of the colonies on the leaves (10 leaves in each variant) before and 7 days after spraying with a PGM solution.

The test results are shown in table 3.

PGM aqueous solutions have fungicidal activity. The concentration of 0.1% is relatively weak in vitro.

A 0.1-0.5% aqueous solution of PGM reduces the spread of powdery mildew fungus colonies on cucumbers by 45%.

The effectiveness of the use of PGM in foliar dressing of plants was tested on decorative rocked cabbage, echinocia, indoor flowers, etc.

Sowing cabbage seeds was carried out on 04.16.02 in an unheated greenhouse, the soil was covered with a film, seedlings were sown in the soil on 05.24.02. The area of the accounting plot is 2 m ² . The experiment was repeated three times.

In the experiment used a 0.25% aqueous solution of PGM. Control is water. The treatment of cabbage was carried out three times, pouring from a watering can of 2 l / m ² : 06.25.02, 07.15.02 and 08.10.02.

Traditional agricultural machinery; weeding, loosening, hilling and watering. Harvesting cabbage was carried out on 09.25.02.

The results are presented in table 4.

Efficiency of wastewater (filtrate) utilization at PGM Khimprom OJSC (Novocheboksarsk) with the content (wt.%): PGM - 22.26; urea free - 0.40; citric acid - 0.06; water - 77.28 was spent on a boneless bonfire in the Morgaushsky district of the Chuvash republic in the village of Pankley in the private plot of N. Mitrofanova

The soil is gray forest, sod-podzolic. The area of the experimental plots is 50 m ² . Three repetitions.

In the experiment, the filtrate was diluted with water 10 times. Control is water. For foliar feeding of plants used a solution with a consumption rate of 1.2 l / m ² . The growing season is from May 25 to July 5, 2000.

The test results are shown in table 5.

When using PGM filtrate for foliar feeding of plants with a dilution of 1:10 and a consumption rate of 1.2 l / m ^2, an increase in the height and yield of boneless bonfire was obtained compared with the control, respectively, by 129 and 150%.

Table 1 The effect of doses and methods of introducing PGM and urea on the invasion of potato nematode and the development of potato plants (Rikea variety) Experience Options Terms and methods of making preparations
that Contamination of the soil (live eggs and larvae in 100 cm ³ ), pcs. Biologists
effective
drug preparation
tov,% Bimetric indicators of plant growth and development in spring in the fall amount of banter
lei, pcs. height
ny, cm productivity t / ha % Control (no processing) - 1890 903 52,2 2.2 46.0 14.8 100 Urea
50 g / m ² when landing 1200 536 55.3 3.4 65.3 18.3 129 PGM
50 g / m ² when landing 1107 551 55.8 3.8 65.0 19.1 137 PGM aqueous solution 50 g / m ² seedlings 1715 664 61.3 3.9 69.0 20.3 137 PGM aqueous solution 100 g / m ² seedlings 817 63 92.3 4.1 76.0 22.6 143 table 2 The growth of phytopathogenic fungi on a nutrient medium with different concentrations of PGM Phytopathopathogenic fungi The diameter of the colonies on a medium with different concentrations of PGM, cm Control (no processing) 0.1% 0.5% 1,0% Fusarium oxysporum 5.5 5.5 2.1 0 Botrytis cinerea 6.2 4.3 1,0 0 Bipolaris sorokiniana 3,1 2,8 0.8 0.5

Table 3 The effectiveness of the suppression of powdery mildew of cucumber PGM The concentration of the aqueous solution The distribution of fungal colonies on the surface of the leaves,% Before processing In 7 days Leaf condition Control (water) 4.2 22 0.1% 4.3 8 Without change 0.5% 3,5 eleven Minor burns 1,0% 4.1 nine Weak chlorosis and burns Table 4 The effect of foliar dressing PGM decorative cabbage Experience Options Plant height, cm Diameter of the leaf outlet, cm Stem diameter, cm Mass of the socket, kg Control (no processing) 38 16 1,5 1.26 The solution of the drug, 0.2% 74 36 2,5 1.89 Table 5 The effectiveness of the use of PGM filtrate in foliar feeding of boneless bonfire Experience Options Consumption Plant height Hay yield l / m ² g / m ² cm % c / ha % Control (water) 1,2 - 27.0 100 66 100 The solution of the filtrate in water 1:10 1,2 26.7 62.0 129 99 150

The known positive results of the application of foliar top dressing with aqueous solutions of urea, wt.%: Apple - 0.3; roses - 0.08-0.1; echinacea - 2.0 (12 kg / ha); table beets - 5.0 (100 kg / ha); cranberries - 1.0; radish - 60-120 kg / ha, buckwheat - 9-10,0 (30 kg / ha); spring wheat 15.0-30.0.

From the data given in table 1, it follows that the effectiveness of the dose of PGM 50 g / m ² for feeding potatoes is higher than the same dose of urea, despite the fact that it contains 35% less in PGM.

Therefore, when using PGM filtrate for root and foliar top dressing of plants, it is advisable to be guided by the above doses of urea.

Thus, it is advisable to dilute the PGM filtrate with root top dressing: potatoes, carrots, radishes, onions, green crops, berry bushes 10 times (1 l in 10 l) with a flow rate of 1 l / m ² ; cabbage, beetroot 10 times with consumption rate: 1-1.2 l / m ² ; fruit trees 8 times with a consumption rate for 1-3 years 1 liter, and 4-6 years - 3 liters of water per tree.

When foliar top dressing with PGM filtrate to obtain a similar 1% urea solution, the filtrate should be diluted 20 times with a flow rate of 1 l / m ² .

When using a PGM filtrate to reduce the invasion of golden potato nematode in the soil, the filtrate is diluted 10-20 times and applied to seedlings (3-5 cm) of potatoes with a row spacing with a flow rate of 5 l / m ² .

Sources of information

1. OJSC “Khimprom” (Novocheboksarsk). Urea peroxyhydrate. TU 6-00-04691277-186-97.

2. OJSC “Synthesis” (Dzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod region). Urea monoperoxyhydrate. TU 2136-111-25556678-2001.

3. List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in the Russian Federation. 2003 Appendix to the journal “Protection and Quarantine of Plants”, No. 4, 2003

4. V.V. Buyanov, V.P. Nikolskaya et al. Peroxosolvates in disinfectology. SSC GosNII bilogicheskoe instrument making. Chernogolovka, 2000, p. 45-56.

Claims (1)

A method for the disposal of wastewater generated during the filtration stage of urea peroxyhydrate, characterized in that the filtrate is diluted with water to a PGM content of 0.1-15% for foliar dressing and 10-50% for root dressing of treated plants in order to obtain nitric oxygen with nematicidal and fungicidal properties fertilizers.