RU2259545C2 - Device for automatic balancing of rotors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has circular balancing chamber, fully filled with hardening material, with property to melt when support is heated by friction, appearing because of rotor vibration, and harden due to natural loss of heat as a result of heat exchange between support and surrounding environment after disappearance of rotor vibration. In rotor in place of connection of inner case of balancing chamber ball-like convexity is made. Balancing chamber is made in form of cylindrical tank with piston, position of which relatively to tank is selected from condition of self-mounting of rotor with its given rotation speed during balancing.

EFFECT: decreased time of unbalanced state of system during balancing process.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to automatically balance rotors, machines and mechanisms.

A device is known for automatic balancing of rotors (RU 2171457, class G 01 M 1/32), containing an annular chamber filled with hardening material and having elastic end walls, the rigidity of which is selected from the condition of ensuring the self-installation of the rotor at a given speed of rotation during balancing. The gas-lubricated rotor support is installed inside the annular chamber. As a hardening material, low-melting substances are used, which have the ability to melt when the support is heated, caused by vibration of the rotor, and to harden due to the natural removal of heat as a result of heat exchange between the support and the environment when the rotor vibration disappears.

The disadvantages of the solution are the duration and high energy consumption for moving the rotor axis to a “lighter” position, as well as the possibility of its use only on supports with gas lubrication.

The task of the invention is the ability to create a universal balancing device for installation on any rotary system.

The technical result achieved by solving the problem is to reduce the time the system is in an unbalanced state during the balancing process.

The specified technical result is ensured by the fact that, when an imbalance occurs, the rotor beats in the bearings and at the same time they are heated. Fusible substances inside the chamber change their state of aggregation from solid to liquid, and then the rotor goes into a “lighter” position due to the phenomenon of self-centering.

The essential features characterizing the invention.

Limiting signs: a device for automatic balancing of the rotor, containing an annular balancing chamber, completely filled with hardening material, which is able to melt when the support is heated due to frictional forces arising from the vibration of the rotor, and harden due to natural heat removal as a result of heat exchange between the support and the surrounding environment with the disappearance of vibration of the rotor.

Distinctive features: the balancing chamber is made in the form of a cylindrical container with a piston, the position of which relative to the container is selected from the condition of ensuring the self-installation of the rotor at a given speed of rotation in the balancing process.

It is well known that balancing is a technological process of combining the main central axis of inertia of the rotor with its axis of rotation. One of the balancing methods is to change the position of the rotor bearings so that the axis of rotation of the rotor, usually passing through the centers of sections of the bearing bearings, coincides with the main central axis of inertia of the rotor. To achieve the result, a balancing chamber is used, which is installed between the rotor and the bearing support, filled with hardening fluid.

During operation of the rotational structure, imbalance is inevitable due to: changes in rotor speed; the presence on the rotating rotor of worn, broken, defective, missing, insufficiently firmly fixed, etc. parts and assemblies; features of the operation of this equipment, leading to uneven heating and curvature of the rotors; the appearance of chips or sticking of the medium to the rotating parts of the machine, their corrosion wear, weakening of bonds in composite rotors, weakening of supports and foundation structures. In this case, the operability of the machine is maintained and balancing is required. An important factor will be the time the system is under load, at the operating speed with an imbalance, during the operation of which the dynamic forces on the supports sharply increase. The response time of the balancing device will determine the durability of the structure.

In the inventive device, the time spent by the system in an unbalanced state depends only on the state of fusible substances inside the balancing chamber. When vibration occurs, a large amount of heat is generated, fusible substances melt, which in turn allow the piston to move relative to the chamber. This operation takes place at supercritical rotation speeds (this is regulated by the selection of the melting point of low-melting substances). Upon obtaining freedom of movement, the piston together with the rotor is displaced, combining the axis of rotation with the main central axis of inertia of the rotor. This phenomenon is called self-centering (Dondoshansky V.K. Dynamics and strength of marine gas turbine engines. L .: Sudostroenie, 1978). After balancing, the vibration automatically stops, and heat is removed from fusible substances that freeze, and the rotor rotates in a balanced state.

The device consists of an inner cage or cylindrical container 1 and an external cage or piston 2, which in turn make up the balancing chamber. Inside the chamber is filled with fusible substances 3. The balancing chamber is attached with an outer cage to the bearing 5, and the inner one - to the rotor 4, which has a spherical convexity in the place of attachment. In working condition, when an imbalance occurs, heating of fusible substances occurs. They change their state of aggregation from solid to liquid and allow the inner cage to move relative to the external. But in this case, the initial position of the axis of the rotor will be parallel to the final. Thus, only static imbalance can be eliminated. But also the device is obliged to eliminate momentary imbalance (GOST 22061-76 System of classes of accuracy of balancing. M: Publishing house of standards, 1977). Therefore, to eliminate momentary imbalance, a spherical convexity is provided. With its help, the rotor axis can not only move in parallel with respect to its initial position, but also take the angle necessary to eliminate momentary imbalance.

Claims (1)

A device for automatic balancing of rotors, containing an annular balancing chamber, completely filled with hardening material, which is able to melt upon heating of the support due to friction forces arising from the vibration of the rotor, and harden due to the natural removal of heat as a result of heat exchange between the support and the environment upon disappearance rotor vibration, characterized in that in the rotor, in the place of attachment to it of the inner holder of the balancing chamber, a spherical convexity is made, and the balance the alignment chamber is made in the form of a cylindrical container with a piston, the position of which relative to the container is selected from the condition of ensuring the self-installation of the rotor at a given speed of rotation in the balancing process.