RU2255316C1 - An arrangement for automatic and multiple balancing of rotors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: the invention refers to engineering.

SUBSTANCE: It may be used for automatic and multiple balancing of rotors of vehicle and mechanism to while it is moving at the above-critical speed. The arrangement has a ring balancing chamber fully filled with easily melted material possessing capability to melt at warming-up of the support and become firm at the expense of natural conducting of heat as a result of heating exchange between the support and the environment. At that the balancing chamber has component walls. The elements of the walls are fulfilled out of materials with different modules of elasticity and located relatively to each other as on a chess-board.

EFFECT: increases effectiveness of counterbalancing of unbalanced systems.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of engineering and can be used for automatic and multiple balancing of the rotors of machines and mechanisms on the move at their supercritical speed.

A device is known for automatic balancing of rotors (RU 2171457, class G 01 M 1/32), containing an annular chamber filled with hardening material and having elastic end walls, the rigidity of which is selected from the condition of ensuring the self-installation of the rotor at a given speed of rotation during balancing. The gas-lubricated rotor support is installed inside the annular chamber. As a hardening material, low-melting substances are used, which have the ability to melt when the support is heated, caused by vibration of the rotor, and to harden due to the natural removal of heat as a result of heat exchange between the support and the environment when the rotor vibration disappears.

The disadvantages of the solution are the long response time of the device to the imbalance manifested in the system and the ability to install the device only on the supports of the rotor with gas lubrication.

The task of the invention is the ability to create a universal balancing device for its installation on any rotary system.

The technical result achieved by solving the problem is to increase the efficiency of balancing the imbalance of rotor systems.

The specified technical result is achieved through the use of vibration of the rotor, which inevitably occurs when an imbalance of the rotor occurs. If the balancing chamber will have composite walls tightly pressed against each other and made of materials with different elastic moduli, then under the action of an alternating load arising from the rotation of the unbalanced rotor, one wall will be displaced relative to the other. As a result of the friction of two surfaces, heat will begin to be generated, which can melt a fusible substance. Under the influence of centrifugal forces at supercritical speed, the rotor goes into a balanced position, the vibration disappears, the heat flow stops, due to heat exchange between the chamber and the environment, the low-melting substance hardens and fixes a balanced state. In the event of subsequent unbalance of the rotor, the device will enter into operation automatically according to the scheme described above.

The essential features characterizing the invention:

Restrictive: a device for automatic and multiple balancing of rotors, containing an annular balancing chamber, completely filled with fusible material, which has the ability to melt when the support is heated and harden due to the natural heat removal as a result of heat exchange between the support and the environment.

Distinctive: the balancing chamber has composite walls, while the wall elements are made of materials with different elastic moduli and are staggered relative to each other.

It is known that balancing is a technological process of combining the main central axis of inertia of the rotor with its axis of rotation. The inventive device performs automatic balancing of the rotor using movable bearings at supercritical speeds. In the process of balancing, the device combines the axis of rotation of the rotor with the main central axis of inertia of the rotor (GOST 22061-76). When the machine or mechanism operates at a frequency below a critical value, the device does not interfere with their operation and does not add an additional imbalance, which is done by choosing the melting point of the low-melting substance.

The invention is as follows.

A balancing chamber is installed between the bearings and the rotor, in which composite, for example, double end walls are pressed tightly against each other. The walls of the chamber have a composite structure of materials with different elastic moduli, made in such a way that when they are subjected to axial and radial loads, they are displaced relative to each other. The balancing chamber is completely filled with fusible substance. Such a substance may be Wood's alloy, paraffin, lead, etc. After filling the chamber, the rotor is accelerated to a supercritical speed. When an imbalance appears in the system, vibration of the rotor will occur and, as a result, deformation of the chamber walls. Due to the fact that the walls are made of materials with different elastic moduli, one wall will shift relative to the other and heat will be generated due to their friction. As a result, the fusible substance will melt and the rotor will gain freedom to move under the action of centrifugal forces. Self-centering will occur, that is, the axis of rotation of the rotor will be combined with its main central axis of inertia, and the rotor will begin to rotate in a balanced state. If the imbalance disappears, the source of thermal energy disappears, and as a result of natural heat removal, the low-melting substance hardens and fixes the walls of the balancing chamber in a balanced position. During this process, the rotor speed must be higher than critical. Then, in a balanced position, it is possible to operate the rotor at any speed and go through a critical speed with minimal vibration.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing.

On the shaft of the rotor 1, a balancing chamber 2 is installed. In this case, the elements of the walls 3 and 4 of the balancing chamber are made in the form of rings of materials with different elastic moduli and are staggered relative to each other. The walls of the rings on the surfaces 5 are tightly pressed against each other by fastening them with bolts 6 so that they can be displaced relative to each other on the surface 5. On the surfaces 7, the rings 3 and 4 are rigidly connected to each other, for example, by pressing one into the other or welding (gluing). The number of chambers is equal to the number of supports. Inside the chamber, they are completely filled with low-melting substance 8. To avoid fixing the end walls of the chamber, a rubber gasket 9 is located between them and the low-melting substance. The chambers are inserted into the inner race of bearings 10, which, in turn, are mounted on the stator 11.

Claims (1)

A device for automatic and multiple balancing of rotors, containing an annular balancing chamber, completely filled with fusible material, having the ability to melt when the support is heated and hardened by natural heat removal as a result of heat exchange between the support and the environment, characterized in that the balancing chamber has composite walls, wherein the wall elements are made of materials with different elastic moduli and are staggered relative to each other .