RU2259036C1 - Greenhouse - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, plant growing in protected ground.

SUBSTANCE: greenhouse has at least one greenhouse unit equipped with irrigation device. Greenhouse unit has ventilation device and soil heating device. Automatic control system for controlling said devices has at least one temperature sensor and at least one moisture content sensor, whose outputs are connected through amplifiers-converters to part of inputs of arithmetic-logic device adapted for receiving signals generated by said sensors, comparing resulting data with control data and generating control signals for switching-on said devices. Other part of arithmetic-logic device inputs is connected to outputs of replaceable permanent memory unit wherein program for selected climatic zone and program for growing of selected plant of this climatic zone are recorded. Third part of inputs is connected to position outputs for members of said devices, whose inputs are connected through control unit and amplifiers-converters to outputs of arithmetic-logic device and to inputs of indication unit. Voltage of 12 V is supplied to automatic control unit.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in growing wide range of plants of any climatic zone with automatic system for controlling of irrigation, ventilation and heating procedures.

5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to means for growing plants in closed ground.

Famous greenhouses for personal plots of various designs, consisting of frame or arc frames with a door and openings closed with various translucent materials. Side or top frames in some types of greenhouses are made movable for ventilation. Separate greenhouses are equipped with semi-automatic ventilation, watering and heating devices. In such greenhouses, only unpretentious crops and flowers of this climatic zone (for example, central Russia) can be grown, because it is impossible to constantly maintain the necessary climatic conditions (different air temperatures in the daytime and at night, the necessary humidity of air and soil, changes in irrigation during plant growth from seeds to crops, etc.) without the presence of a person, and a person is often in his household plot. only on weekends.

(Greenhouses, hotbeds, shelters for personal plots. Yu.N. Shuvalov. Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix Publishing House, 1997)

The main disadvantage of known greenhouses is the need for a constant human presence for its operation.

Closest to the claimed invention is an automated greenhouse containing at least one greenhouse unit, a tank for water sludge with a connection pipe to the water supply via the main pump, in communication with the water supply pipe, which is connected to the fuel system, control unit, first, second and the third outputs of which are connected with the first and second controlled valves installed respectively on the connection pipe to the water supply, water supply pipe and control input of the main pump. The automated greenhouse is equipped with a hydroponic multi-tiered module, including a nutrient solution supply pump connected to the reservoir with the nutrient solution and through the corresponding pipeline, at least one sprout, as well as a third controlled valve and a controlled hydraulic switch, which are installed on the first and second branches of the main pipeline located respectively after the main pump and in front of the second controlled valve, the first being in communication with the reservoir with the feed the target, and the second one with one of the exits of the hydraulic switch, the other outlet of which is connected to the pipeline corroded, and the output with the output of the pump for supplying the nutrient solution, the fourth and fifth outputs of the control unit being connected to the corresponding inputs of the controlled hydraulic switch and the pump for feeding the nutrient solution, and the reservoir with a nutrient solution is equipped with level sensors connected to the corresponding inputs of the third controlled valve.

(RU, 2122315, A 01 G 9/24, 1998)

This greenhouse allows you to automatically only water the plants, and only certain types of plants.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the creation of a greenhouse for growing a wide range of cultivated plants of any climate zone with an automatic control system for irrigation, ventilation of the greenhouse and its heating.

To achieve the specified technical result in a greenhouse containing at least one greenhouse unit equipped with an automatic irrigation device, according to the invention, an automatic greenhouse ventilation device and an automatic soil heating device, as well as an automatic control system for said automatic devices, are additionally installed in the greenhouse unit at least one temperature and humidity sensor, the outputs of which are connected through amplifiers-converters with part the inputs of the arithmetic-logical device (ALU), configured to receive signals from sensors, compare the received data with the control and issue control signals to turn on these devices, the other part of the inputs of the ALU is connected to the outputs of a removable permanent storage device on which the program of the selected climate zone is recorded and a program for growing the selected plant of this climatic zone, and the third part of the inputs is connected to the outputs of the position sensors of the elements of these devices, the inputs of which x connected through the control unit and the amplifier-converters with the outputs of the ALU and the inputs of the display and control unit, which receives low voltage power from the voltage stabilizer, the inputs of which are connected to the battery and charger, the input of which receives high voltage power.

In addition, the greenhouse block contains a metal casing of an arched type of semicircular shape with a door and openings, closed with a continuous piece of translucent material with adjustable transparency, with a through longitudinal channel in which an automatic greenhouse ventilation device is placed.

In addition, the automatic greenhouse ventilation device consists of a rigid metal frame and two transparent plates mounted on it with a ball lift between them and regular rows of aligned round holes in both plates, through which warm air enters the atmosphere and atmospheric air enters through an open synchronously open vent when moving the upper plate to the step of the ball lift, exceeding the diameter of the round holes using two electromagnets placed on a fixed plate in the oznom longitudinal bore greenhouse.

In addition, the automatic irrigation device is made in the form of a storage tank and a distributor of the same capacity with automatic regulated drainage of water into the irrigation pipes located on the beds of the greenhouse.

In addition, the automatic heating device is made in the form of a conductive heating element in a protective shell, placed in the foundation under the soil layer of the greenhouse.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram of a system for automatic control of a greenhouse;

figure 2 - the design of the greenhouse block;

figure 3 - ventilation device with a section BB;

figure 4 - watering device;

figure 5 - heating device.

The greenhouse (Fig. 1) comprises a greenhouse block 1 equipped with an automatic irrigation device 2, an automatic greenhouse ventilation device 3 and an automatic heating device 4, and an automatic control system for said automatic devices. The automatic control system contains a temperature sensor 5 and a humidity sensor 6, the outputs of which are connected through amplifiers-converters 7 to a part of the inputs of the ALU 8, which is configured to receive signals from sensors, compare the received data with the control ones, and issue control signals to turn on these devices. Another part of the inputs of the ALU 8 is connected to the outputs of a removable read-only memory device 9, on which the program of the selected climatic zone and the program of growing the selected plant of this climatic zone are recorded. The automatic control system is equipped with sensors 10 position elements of these devices. The outputs of the position sensors 10 are connected to a part of the inputs of the ALU 8, the outputs of which are connected to an amplifier-converter 11, some of the inputs of which are connected to the display unit 12, and the other part to the control unit 13. The entire automatic control system has a low voltage power supply. The power supply system consists of a charger 14, the input of which is supplied from a conventional electrical network with a voltage of 220 V. The output of the charger 14 is connected to the input of a voltage stabilizer 15, from the output of which power is supplied to the automatic control system. For the smooth operation of the system, the second input of the voltage stabilizer 15 is connected to the battery 16.

The design of the greenhouse block 1 (Fig. 2) is a metal case 17 of an arched type of a semicircular shape with a door and openings, closed with a solid piece 18 of translucent material with adjustable transparency. The housing 17 has a through longitudinal channel 19, in which an automatic device 3 for ventilating the greenhouse is located.

The present invention uses an arched structure having a strict semicircle in the projection. With this form of the greenhouse block 1, the sun's rays will always be perpendicular to its surface in any climatic zone. As translucent material, profiled sheets of Lexan Thermocliar (cellular polycarbonate) 6 mm thick with a minimum radius of curvature of 1050 mm are used. The frame of the greenhouse block 1 is assembled from four vertical and six arched side racks 20, connected by the upper ends to a rigid longitudinal upper frame 21, and the lower ones are fixed in the foundation 22. The frame 17 is covered with one piece of polycarbonate 18, which itself is an element of the supporting structure, and is fixed on arcuate racks 20 with self-tapping screws. The door and end openings (not shown in the figure) are also closed with polycarbonate. This design of the greenhouse 1 practically does not interfere with the passage of sunlight and ensures that it contains all the necessary actuators of the control system.

In the summer, during the hot season, to prevent overheating and death of plants, shading and ventilation of the greenhouse will be used.

In this invention, a film of material is applied to the translucent coating of the greenhouse from its inner side, which changes its transparency depending on the activity of solar radiation (adjustable transparency). In cloudy weather, the film is completely transparent. As the brightness of solar radiation increases, the film darkens. With very bright sun, the film is able to retain 15-20% of solar radiation. This is quite enough to prevent overheating of plants.

Further work on cooling the air in the greenhouse is performed by the ventilation device 3 shown in FIG.

The automatic ventilation device 3 of the greenhouse block 1 consists of a rigid metal frame 23 and two transparent plates 24 and 25 mounted on it with a ball lift 26 between them and regular rows of aligned round holes 27 in both plates, through which warm air enters the atmosphere and atmospheric air enters through a synchronously opening vent 28 (FIG. 2). The movement of the upper plate 24 by the step of the ball hoist 26, exceeding the diameter of the round holes 27, is carried out using two electromagnets 29 located on the lower fixed plate 25.

Automatic irrigation device 2 (figure 1 and figure 4) is made in the form of a storage tank 30 and a distributor 31, which have the same volume. Automatically controlled watering of plants is carried out through irrigation pipes 32 located on the beds 33 of the greenhouse block 1. The storage tank 30 has a pipe 34 for supplying water with an inlet valve, which is closed by the lever of the float 35. The storage tank 30 also has a device 36 for controlling water overflow and the outlet 37, in which the outlet valve 38 is mounted, rigidly connected to the electromagnet 39. The distributor 31 is made in the form of a horizontal pipe with ventilation holes 40. The electromagnet 39 is located in the housing of the control unit 13, which with the storage tank 30 represents a single design.

To maintain the required temperature in the greenhouse block 1, a heating device 4 is used, located under the soil layer (Fig. 2), since such heating is the most optimal in energy.

As a heating element, a heating cable 41 with a second-layer insulation (Fig. 5), uniformly distributed over the area of the greenhouse block 1 in the foundation 22 (Fig. 2) under the soil layer 33, was used. The soil heating is controlled by ALU 8 through the control unit 13 (Fig. 1).

The following describes the operation of individual devices and the greenhouse as a whole.

Automatic control system (ACS) operates as follows.

In the initial state, the power supply is turned off, and at this time in the greenhouse the necessary agricultural work is carried out (soil preparation, planting, harvesting, etc., preventive and maintenance work with the control system). Before turning on the power, a removable read-only memory device 9 is installed on the arithmetic-logic device 8, on which the program of the selected climatic zone and the program of growing the selected plant of this climatic zone are recorded. When you turn on the display unit 12 of the display reflects the parameters of the selected climate zone (temperature and humidity), date, time, power status and all devices that support the selected mode, as well as other useful information. Information from sensors 5 and 6 comes through amplifiers-converters 7 to ALU 8, which compares the data obtained with the control obtained from ROM 9, if they do not match, ALU 8 includes the devices that are currently needed. For example, at elevated temperature and high humidity, the ALU 8 sends a signal to the electromagnets 29, which move the upper plate 24 of the ventilation device 3 to the position where the holes of the plate 24 and the plate 25 coincide. At the same time, in the greenhouse block 1, according to the signal from ALU 8, an outlet 28 is opened. Air circulation will gradually lower the temperature and humidity. As soon as the humidity and temperature parameters have reached the set values, with ALU 8, a signal will be sent to the ventilation device 3 and the outlet 28, which covers them.

With reduced air humidity, the ALU 8 will turn on short-term watering and at the same time heat the soil until the required air humidity is obtained. With dry soil, ALU 8 will turn on watering device 2 with the required water flow per 1 sq. meter for a given plant, etc.

Of particular importance during the operation of the entire greenhouse for personal plots is the power supply, as many landowners come only on weekends. On weekdays, the general 220 V power supply is usually turned off. Therefore, the power supply circuit of the greenhouse is constructed in such a way that on weekdays it works from the battery 16, and on weekends, when the main power supply is 220 V, from the charger 14, and at this time the battery 16 is also charged.

The following describes in more detail the operation of each automatic device.

The device 3 ventilation works as follows. In the initial state, the rows of holes 27 of the movable and stationary plates 24 and 25 are aligned, the plates 24, 25 are tightly adjacent to each other, and air from the greenhouse block 1 through the through longitudinal channel from the greenhouse enters the atmosphere. When the temperature drops to the desired level, which is controlled by the temperature sensor 5 of the automatic control system, the control signal from ALU 8 is supplied to the electromagnets 29, which operate in antiphase (the right one pulls, the left one pushes). The movable plate 24 begins to move (Fig. 3), the balls of the elevator 26 roll along the forming surface of the first conical recesses and cause the movable upper plate 24 to rise. Further, the plate 24 moves without contacting the lower fixed plate 25. This eliminates the possibility of engaging the edges of the holes 27 of the upper and lower plates 24 and 25. At the end of the step of moving, the rows of holes 27 of the upper plate 24 are located in the spaces between the rows of lower holes 27, the balls fall into the second conical recesses of the upper plate 24, and the upper plate 24 under its own weight falls, tightly pressing against the lower plate 25. The exit of warm air from the greenhouse block 1 to the atmosphere is blocked. To return the ventilation device 3 to its original state, by the command of ALU 8, the electromagnets 29 are turned on in a different order (the right one pushes, the left one pulls).

The holes 27 in the plates 24 and 25 are chosen round to reduce the area of possible contact of the edges of the holes of the movable and fixed plates with any variant of deformation of the plane of the plates.

For the influx of atmospheric air into the greenhouse block 1 (creating traction), an outlet 28 is installed on the end wall of the greenhouse block 1 in the process passage (Fig. 2), which is opened by the ALU 8 command in synchronization with the ventilation device 3.

Consider the operation of the device 2 irrigation in more detail (figure 4).

The storage tank 30 and the distributor 31, made in the form of a horizontal pipe with ventilation holes 40 and fittings for connecting the watering pipes 32, have the same volume equal to the maximum water flow per irrigation.

The device operates as follows. In the initial state, the metal storage tank 30 is filled with tap water. The inlet valve 34 is closed by the lever of the float 35, the outlet valve 38 is closed, the distributor 31 and the watering pipes 32 are empty. At a signal from ALU 8, the electromagnet 39 opens the outlet valve 38, and water from the storage tank 30 enters the distributor 31 and then into the irrigation pipes 32, from which they enter the beds through small-diameter holes. The distributor 31 is filled with water much faster than the irrigation pipes 32, as it has ventilation holes 40 of large diameter. This ensures uniform filling of the irrigation pipes 32 with water and thereby uniform watering. Irrigation adjustment is provided by the turn-on time of the electromagnet 39. With a volume of 180 l of the storage tank 30 and the diameter of the outlet 37 equal to 60 mm, 60 liters of water will arrive in the dispenser 31 in 30 seconds, 120 liters in 60 seconds, 180 liters in 90 seconds . The emptied storage tank 30 through the pipe 34 is slowly filled with water, which is heated by the warm air of the greenhouse unit 1. The irrigation device 2 is again ready for operation.

The proposed greenhouse has a low cost, and the complexity of manufacturing and assembling the frame of this greenhouse is an order of magnitude less than the known one.

Claims (5)

1. A greenhouse containing at least one greenhouse block equipped with an irrigation device, characterized in that the greenhouse block is additionally equipped with a greenhouse ventilation device and a soil heating device, as well as an automatic control system for said devices, including at least one temperature and humidity sensor, the outputs of which are connected through amplifiers-converters with part of the inputs of the arithmetic-logic device, configured to receive signals from comparison sensors obtained data with control and the issuance of control signals to turn on the indicated devices, the other part of the arithmetic-logical device inputs is connected to the outputs of a removable permanent storage device on which the program of the selected climatic zone and the program of growing the selected plant of this climatic zone are recorded, and the third part of the inputs is connected to the outputs of the position sensors of the elements of these devices, the inputs of which are connected through the control unit and amplifiers-converters with arithmetic outputs covering the logic device and inputs of the indication unit. 2. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the greenhouse block is made in the form of a semicircular arch-type metal case with a door and openings, closed with a continuous piece of translucent material with adjustable transparency, with a through longitudinal channel in which the greenhouse ventilation device is located. 3. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation device consists of a rigid metal frame and two transparent plates mounted on it with a ball lift between them and regular rows of aligned round holes in both plates, while it is equipped with electromagnets for longitudinal movement of one plates are relatively different. 4. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the automatic irrigation device is made in the form of a storage tank and a distributor of the same capacity with automatically adjustable drainage of water into the irrigation pipes located on the beds in the greenhouse block. 5. The greenhouse according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating device is made in the form of a conductive heating element in a protective shell, placed in the foundation of the greenhouse block under the soil layer of the beds.

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