KR102649588B1 - Method for providing uniform light environment in natural light hybrid-type multi-layered plant cultivation system and System using the same method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a smart plant cultivation system, and specifically, to a method of creating a uniform light environment in a natural light hybrid type multi-layer plant cultivation system using both natural light and artificial light, and to a natural light hybrid type multi-layer plant cultivation system to which the method is applied. It's about.

Description

Method for providing uniform light environment in natural light hybrid-type multi-layered plant cultivation system and System using the same method}

The present invention relates to a hybrid multi-layer plant cultivation system using a combination of natural light and artificial light. Specifically, a method of minimizing growth variation between crops by creating a uniform light environment in a greenhouse by using natural light and artificial light in combination, and methods to which the method is applied This relates to a natural light hybrid multi-layer plant cultivation system.

The vertical multi-layer plant cultivation system (vertical farm) is a core technology of future agriculture as a multi-layer cultivation facility that creates cultivation conditions for crop growth without being affected by climate or season.

The most important technical factor when implementing multi-layer cultivation is to prevent growth deviations between crops by providing a stable growth environment. Using artificial light (LED, etc.), cultivation conditions such as light amount, temperature, humidity, and CO2 can be relatively easily adjusted to provide stable growth. Because it can provide a growth environment, existing vertical farm technology has been developed focusing on artificial light (LED).

However, the problem of artificial light vertical farms was that the installation cost of artificial light facilities and the electricity usage fee for light procurement were too expensive. In particular, crops with high light requirements had too high cultivation costs when using artificial light, making it impossible to secure profits. Crops that can be grown in artificial light vertical farms It was limited to leafy vegetables with low light requirements. Even so, it was not possible to grow all leafy vegetables, and limited profits could only be secured by cultivating a few varieties that could be harvested as vegetables in the early stages of growth (less than 1 month after planting) with low light requirements and sold as salads. Therefore, the versatility and profitability of artificial light vertical farms for crop cultivation are very low, and technology development and diffusion are stagnant.

Unlike artificial light, natural light has the advantage of not incurring separate light procurement costs, but since the amount/quality of light changes from sunrise to sunset and changes irregularly depending on climate conditions, seasonal conditions, etc., a stable growth environment is provided in accordance with changes in natural light. Because it was almost impossible to prevent growth deviations between crops during multi-layer cultivation, the reality is that a multi-layer cultivation model has not been developed to date.

However, vertical multi-layer cultivation is almost the only way to increase production capacity per unit area to respond to food shortages due to climate change and population growth, and the artificial light vertical farm model cannot solve the problem of light procurement costs, so it is not suitable for future agriculture. Developing a vertical farm using natural light as a model can be said to be an essential task.

Korean registered patent 10-1121067 (registered on February 21, 2012) Korean Patent Publication 10-2022-0111434 (published on 2022.08.09.)

One object of the present invention is to provide a method for creating a uniform light environment at all planting locations without using an optical sensor in a natural light hybrid multi-layer plant cultivation system that uses both natural light and artificial light.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a natural light hybrid type multi-layer plant cultivation system employing the above-described method.

The present invention relates to a method of creating a uniform light environment that can minimize crop growth deviations caused by irregular natural light when building a vertical farm using natural light. The cultivation space (greenhouse) is divided into a lighting section and an insulation section, and the cultivation space (greenhouse) is divided into a lighting section and an insulation section, and the We plan to use a method that diffuses the incoming natural light, divides the space according to the rate of natural light reaching the cultivated crops in the cultivation device, quantifies the amount of light supplied to each cultivated crop, and compensates for the shortfall with artificial light.

Deviations in crop growth are caused by various conditions such as light quantity/light quality, temperature, humidity, CO2, fertilizer amount, and soil quality. However, in multi-layer cultivation using natural light, other cultivation environments other than light problems can be artificially controlled, and in that other cultivation conditions change depending on light conditions, the present invention can be used to control problems caused by irregularities in natural light. If this can be done, it will be of great significance in that it will be possible to build a vertical farm utilizing natural light.

According to one aspect of the present invention, a method for creating a uniform light environment in a multi-layer plant cultivation system, the method comprising:

(a) within the plant cultivation system, distinguishing each plant cultivation layer into two or more sectors based on two or more grades determined according to the rate at which light reaches the plant cultivation layer;

(b) measuring the illuminance (unit of lux) at the southern and middle altitude of the sun and calculating the daily average natural light illuminance (unit of lux) from the illuminance;

(c) calculating PPFD (photosynthetically effective light flux density) from the daily average natural light intensity according to light unit conversion standards;

(d) calculating the reached PPFD in each distinct sector of the plant cultivation layer, based on the PPFD;

(e) converting the PPFD required within the sunshine hours based on the target DLI (daily integrated light) and average sunshine hours for each plant type;

(f) calculating the insufficient PPFD per hour for each sector by comparing the required PPFD value within the sunshine hours and the PPFD reached for each sector;

(g) calculating the hourly PPFD value that must be supplemented from artificial light by dividing the value obtained by multiplying the average sunlight time by the hourly deficit PPFD for each sector by the artificial light supplementation time;

(h) converting the PPFD value to be supplemented from artificial light into artificial light source capacity; and

A method including (i) calculating the number of artificial light sources required for each sector from the LED capacity is provided.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the daily average natural light illuminance may be a value calculated by estimating 50 to 70% of the south middle altitude illuminance.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the artificial light source may be an LED.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method is provided wherein the multi-layer plant cultivation system includes:

A housing main body including a light blocking part 101 through which natural light can enter and a light blocking insulating part 102 with insulation installed along part or all of the wall, and the light blocking insulating part 102 installed on part or all of the wall and inside the housing main body. A system housing unit 100 including a light reflection unit 130 that reflects light;

It is partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames 411 and a plurality of horizontal support frames 412, and includes a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers and a lighting unit 240 that selectively irradiates artificial light, and the system housing portion A vertical plant cultivation unit 200 located inside the housing; and

It includes an air movement passage 423 and a plurality of air outlets 422 that spray air from the air movement passage 423 into the interior of the housing, and constitutes the vertical support frame 411 and the horizontal support frame 412. A support frame pipe 420, an air supply unit (not shown) that introduces air into the air movement passage 423 of the support frame pipe 420, a humidity control unit 430 for controlling the humidity of the air, and carbon dioxide in the air. It includes a carbon dioxide control unit 440 for controlling the content, and an air pressure control unit 450 for controlling the pressure of the air, and the air flowing in through the air supply unit is air adjusted to the target temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the housing. phosphorus air circulation unit (400),

Here, the lighting unit of the vertical plant cultivation unit includes a plurality of artificial light sources, and the lighting unit selectively switches on or off the artificial light source according to the sector and the number of artificial light sources for each sector calculated according to the method for creating a uniform light environment. can be controlled.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the area ratio of the lighting part 101 to the light blocking and insulating part 102 in the housing main body may be 3.5 to 4.5 to 5.5 to 6.5.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the skylight unit 101 includes an inclined light-transmitting window on the ceiling of the housing, and the angle (θ) formed by the inclined surface of the inclined light-transmitting window with the vertical line perpendicular to the ground is 40. It may be within a range of 50 degrees.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the skylight unit 101 is located on the south side of the housing main body, and the angle formed between the vertex of the inclined light-transmitting window of the skylight unit 101 and the bottom of the northern corner of the bottom of the housing main body is the sun. It can be made to be the annual average south central altitude value of.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the ceiling partition plate 120 further includes a light reflection member on the lower surface facing the inside of the housing, so that the light incident on the ceiling partition plate 120 Natural light may be transmitted and light from inside the housing may be reflected.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the air outlet 612 is formed on at least two surfaces of the support frame pipe 420 to allow the leaked air to circulate in a plurality of directions inside the housing. You can.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the air flowing in through the air supply part of the air circulation unit 400 is air whose temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration have been adjusted, and the humidity and carbon dioxide are connected to the air movement pipe 610. It may be controlled by spraying water vapor and carbon dioxide into the air.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a plant cultivation system is provided comprising:

A housing main body including a light blocking part 101 through which natural light can enter and a light blocking insulating part 102 with insulation installed along part or all of the wall, and the light blocking insulating part 102 installed on part or all of the wall and inside the housing main body. A system housing unit 100 including a light reflection unit 130 that reflects light;

It is partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames 411 and a plurality of horizontal support frames 412, and includes a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers and a lighting unit 240 that selectively irradiates artificial light, and the system housing portion A vertical plant cultivation unit 200 located inside a housing, where the lighting unit 240 of the vertical plant cultivation unit is selectively selected according to the number of sectors and artificial light sources for each sector calculated according to the method for creating a uniform light environment described above. A vertical plant cultivation unit 200 including a control unit for controlling the switch on or off of the artificial light source and a plurality of artificial light sources; and

It includes an air movement passage 423 and a plurality of air outlets 422 that spray air from the air movement passage 423 into the interior of the housing, and constitutes the vertical support frame 411 and the horizontal support frame 412. A support frame pipe 420, an air supply unit (not shown) that introduces air into the air movement passage 423 of the support frame pipe 420, a humidity control unit 430 for controlling the humidity of the air, and carbon dioxide in the air. It includes a carbon dioxide control unit 440 for controlling the content, and an air pressure control unit 450 for controlling the pressure of the air, and the air flowing in through the air supply unit is air adjusted to the target temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration inside the housing. Phosphorus air circulation unit (400).

According to the method of the present invention, each sector of the planting layer is monitored by using only information such as the average solar altitude and DLI required for each plant, without compensating for insufficient artificial light by individually checking the amount of light for each planting layer through an optical sensor. Since the amount of artificial light suitable for the plant can be adjusted, there is an advantage in that the amount of artificial light required for each planting layer in a multi-layer plant cultivation system can be controlled efficiently and cost-effectively.

In addition, the plant cultivation system 10 according to the present invention can simultaneously use artificial light and natural light depending on selection, and the primary external light installed outside the transparent glass and plastic greenhouse window of the lighting part 101 of the plant cultivation system 10 By opening and closing the shading facilities (103a, 103b), if natural light is insufficient, it is completely opened, and if natural light is excessive, it is blocked as necessary to allow sufficient light to flow into the greenhouse to satisfy the DLI, and the ceiling partition plate is adjusted to allow sufficient light to flow into the greenhouse. By secondary diffusion of the light flowing into the greenhouse through (120), natural light can reach every corner of the greenhouse, thereby reducing the amount of artificial light used and energy costs for light procurement, and the insulation of the shading and insulating part is used to control the internal temperature. In addition, the use of geothermal energy can contribute to reducing system power consumption.

In addition, the plant cultivation system 10 according to the present invention is a plant cultivation system through insulation by a light-shielding insulator, floor cooling and heating at the bottom and ceiling cooling and heating by a fan coil unit, and temperature-controlled air circulated by an air circulation unit. The temperature suitable for growth (optimal temperature for growth) can always be maintained constant regardless of seasonal changes throughout the year. Maintaining this optimal temperature for growth can result in improved growth and yield of crops.

In addition, since temperature as well as carbon dioxide concentration and humidity can be controlled at the same time by a single air circulation unit, the growth environment can be maintained efficiently and conveniently, and the optimal temperature, humidity, and CO ₂ for growth can be maintained relatively uniformly. Therefore, growth deviation between a plurality of multi-layer planting layers can be minimized, allowing multi-layer cultivation to be implemented.

In addition, the air circulation unit combined with the plant cultivation unit can circulate the air inside the housing in various directions to create a breeze circulation around the crops, thereby reducing the incidence of pests and diseases.

Figure 1 is a front cross-sectional view exemplarily showing the optical path of incident light entering a plant cultivation system and scattered light inside the housing.
Figure 2 shows an example of dividing each plant cultivation layer into a plurality of sectors based on a grade determined according to the rate at which light reaches the plant cultivation layer within the plant cultivation system.
Figure 3 is a front cross-sectional view schematically showing the system housing portion 100 of the plant cultivation system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 4 is a front cross-sectional view schematically showing the temperature control unit 300, the system housing unit 100, and their combined state of the plant cultivation system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 5 is a perspective view schematically showing the plant cultivation unit 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 6 is a front cross-sectional view schematically showing the air circulation unit 400, the plant cultivation unit 200, and their combined state according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In Figure 7, (a) is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the pipe 420 for the support frame of the air circulation unit 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and (b) is the pipe 420 for the support frame. (c) is a perspective view schematically showing an example of a 4-hole connection part for connecting them.
Figure 8 is a top view schematically showing the combined state of the water movement pipe 510 of the temperature control unit 300 and the air movement pipe 610 of the air circulation unit 400 according to an embodiment of the present invention. .

Hereinafter, a plant cultivation system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

When adding reference numerals to components in each drawing, it should be noted that identical components are given the same reference numerals as much as possible even if they are shown in different drawings. Additionally, in describing the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of a related known configuration or function may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted.

Additionally, the size or shape of components shown in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity and convenience of explanation. In addition, terms specifically defined in consideration of the configuration and operation of the present invention are only for describing embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

In this specification, PPFD (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density) refers to the amount of photons falling on an area of 1 square meter for 1 second (expressed in μmol/m ² /s). PPFD is the minimum requirement for plants to photosynthesize. Generally, the higher the PPFD, the more the photosynthesis is promoted, and the amount of light indicated in the present invention refers to the amount of light particles of PPFD. In the case of leafy vegetables, it is known that about 350 μmol/m ² /s is needed. PPFD can be measured using an optical sensor, but the optical sensor is expensive and must be installed on each layer during multi-layer cultivation.

Meanwhile, in this specification, DLI (Daily Light Integral) refers to the amount of photon density (expressed in mol/㎡day) that must be provided per day. In plants, photosynthesis is promoted as PPFD increases, but photosynthesis cannot be carried out indefinitely. A plant's photosynthetic ability is limited, and therefore the amount of light it uses per day is also limited. This is expressed as Daily Light Integral (DLI). The photosynthetic efficiency of all plants drops sharply when DLI is met, and light exceeding DLI contributes very little to photosynthesis. Therefore, light exceeding DLI rarely causes growth deviation. However, if the required DLI for each plant is not met due to lack of light, the photosynthetic amount of the crop decreases and growth deviation occurs. Therefore, in order to minimize the growth deviation of each plant, it is very important to provide more than the minimum amount of light that meets the DLI required for each crop. It is important. The required DLI for each plant is different, and for leafy vegetables, the DLI value is known to be 14 (minimum) to 17 (optimum).

When cultivating multiple layers using natural light, providing an amount of light that satisfies the required DLI for all crops can solve the problem of growth deviation caused by lack of light. In other words, the amount of PPFD flowing into the cultivation space (greenhouse) and the average sunlight time are checked, and the light arrival rate according to the position of the crop during multi-layer cultivation is calculated, and natural light is provided enough to meet the required DLI for each crop. If the light arrival rate is low depending on the location, the growth deviation due to lack of light can be resolved by satisfying the DLI required for the crops in the cultivation device by supplementing the light using artificial light.

Assuming that other cultivation environments are constant during multi-layer cultivation, the probability of low-growing crops occurring can be minimized by providing sufficient light for each crop regardless of the cultivation location. It is not a problem to grow well beyond a certain standard in multi-layer cultivation, but if damage to growth occurs due to lack of light, it becomes impossible to control the amount of fertilizer and the cultivation environment uniformly, resulting in quality deterioration, reduced yield, and pests due to excessive or insufficient fertilizer and water. Because problems such as growth occur, when cultivating multiple layers using natural light, the required DLI for each crop is met, and other conditions such as temperature, humidity, CO2, and fertilizer amount are adjusted according to the provided light conditions to prevent growth due to low growth. Preventing deviations from occurring is the most important factor when building a vertical farm using natural light.

In relation to the present invention, there may be a method of minimizing growth deviation by installing an optical sensor around each cultivated crop to measure the amount of light reached and then supplementing the insufficient amount of light with artificial light. However, that method is expensive and There is a downside. Accordingly, the present invention seeks to propose a method of minimizing growth deviation by creating a uniform light environment without using an optical sensor.

The DLI value can be calculated from the PPFD according to the following [Equation 1]:

[Equation 1]

Briefly, the DLI value is calculated as PPFD*lighting time*3,600/1,000,000. Therefore, if you know the DLI value and lighting time, you can obtain the PPFD value even without an optical sensor. Also, if you know the target DLI value, the PPFD value that is insufficient when supplied by natural light is supplemented through lighting to reach the target DLI value. can be filled.

Specifically, the method for creating a uniform light environment according to the present invention includes the following steps:

(a) within the plant cultivation system, distinguishing each plant cultivation layer into two or more sectors based on two or more grades determined according to the rate at which light reaches the plant cultivation layer;

(b) measuring the illuminance (unit of lux) at the southern and middle altitude of the sun and calculating the daily average natural light illuminance (unit of lux) from the illuminance;

(c) calculating PPFD (photosynthetically effective light flux density) from the daily average natural light intensity according to light unit conversion standards;

(d) calculating the reached PPFD in each distinct sector of the plant cultivation layer, based on the PPFD;

(e) converting the PPFD required within the sunshine hours based on the target DLI (daily integrated light) and average sunshine hours for each plant type;

(f) calculating the insufficient PPFD per hour for each sector by comparing the required PPFD value within the sunshine hours and the PPFD reached for each sector;

(g) calculating the hourly PPFD value that must be supplemented from artificial light by dividing the value obtained by multiplying the average sunlight time by the hourly deficit PPFD for each sector by the artificial light supplementation time;

(h) converting the PPFD value to be supplemented from artificial light into artificial light source capacity; and

(i) Calculating the number of artificial light sources required for each sector from the LED capacity.

Below, each step in the method is described in more detail.

In step (a), within the plant cultivation system, a grade is established for each plant cultivation layer and each pot location within each plant cultivation layer according to the rate at which light reaches the plant cultivation layer, and places with similar grades are divided into one sector. This is the tying step. Here, “light” includes not only natural incident light that enters the plant cultivation system, but also scattered light that arrives after being scattered by a light reflection unit, etc., inside the plant cultivation system. For example, as shown in Figure 2, in a vertical multi-layered plant cultivation area arranged vertically, A grade with a light arrival rate of 80% or more, 50% to 80%, depending on the rate of light reaching each pot position of each plant cultivation layer. The grades are divided into B grade, 30-50% C grade, and based on the grade, each pot location can be distinguished into A sector with A grade, B sector with B grade, and C sector with C grade. .

The step (b) is a step of measuring the illuminance (unit of lux) at the solar altitude and calculating the daily average natural light illuminance (unit of lux) from the illuminance. Here, the southern altitude of the sun is the altitude when the sun is at its highest, that is, in the south.

The above-mentioned south central altitude may vary by region, season, and weather, but in a specific region, the average value of each season may have little difference in the annual cycle. Therefore, for example, the sun's southern altitude can be set as the average southern altitude value for each season, and according to this, the number of artificial light sources finally derived in step (i) in the present invention can be applied differently for each season. there is. As another example, the sun's southern altitude can be averaged monthly to obtain a monthly average southern altitude value, and according to this, the final number of artificial light sources can be applied differently for each month.

The daily average natural light illuminance can be derived by directly measuring each hour using an illuminance sensor and then calculating the average value, but in the present invention, for convenience, it is derived from the illuminance at the southern and middle altitude of the sun. For example, the daily average natural light illuminance may be estimated to be 50 to 70%, specifically 55 to 65%, for example, 60% of the illuminance value at the southernmost altitude of the sun.

Step (c) is a step of calculating PPFD (photosynthetically effective light flux density) from the daily average natural light intensity according to light unit conversion standards.

In this specification, natural light may be referred to as sunlight (radiation amount of 400-700 nm), and artificial light may be referred to as three-wavelength LED. The light unit conversion standard may be based on a conventional light unit conversion table in the art, for example, the light unit conversion table provided by the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science. For example, it may be according to the optical unit conversion table shown in [Table 1] below.

[Table 1]

For example, if it is assumed that the average value of the maximum illuminance in the spring/summer is 70,000 lux and the average daily illuminance is 60% of the average value of the maximum illuminance in the southern and middle altitudes, the average daily illuminance is 42,000 lux, from which the light If PPFD (Photosynthetic Effective Light Flux Density) is calculated according to the unit conversion conversion standard, it becomes 1,354 μmol/m ² /s.

Step (d) is a step of calculating the reached PPFD (minimum value) in each distinct sector of the plant cultivation layer, based on the PPFD derived in step (c). For example, the PPFD derived in step (c) is 1,354 μmol/m ² /s, and the plant cultivation layer has A sector (light reach rate of 80% or more), B sector (50-80%), and C sector (30%). -50%), the PPFD reaching the A sector is at least 1,084 μmol/m ² /s, the PPFD reaching the B sector is at least 650 μmol/m ² /s, and the PPFD reaching the C sector is at least It becomes 390 μmol/m ² /s.

The step (e) is a step of converting the PPFD required within the sunshine hours based on the target DLI (daily integrated light) and average sunshine hours for each plant type. The required DLI varies depending on the type of plant. For example, for leafy vegetables, a DLI value of 17 is optimal. Here, the average sunlight time may vary by region, season, and weather, and in this specification, the average sunlight time is a reference period (e.g., seasons such as spring/fall, or the average number of hours of natural sunlight in the same period of time (or a particular month). For example, the average hours of sunshine in spring (March-May) is 8.2 hours, and the average hours of sunshine in fall (September-November) is 6.5 hours (based on the average hours of sunshine provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration). The PPFD required during sunshine hours is, for example, the above [Equation 1] to calculate the DLI value, which is simply "DLI value = PPFD * lighting time * 3,600/1,000,000", which is obtained by entering the target DLI value and average sunshine time into the equation. It may be a PPFD value. For example, when the target DLI value is 17 and the average sunshine time is 6.5 hours (substituting 6.5 for the lighting time in the above equation), PPFD (PPFD required during sunshine hours) is approximately 726 μmol/m ² /s.

The step (f) is a step of calculating the insufficient PPFD per hour for each sector by comparing the required PPFD value within the sunshine hours and the PPFD reached for each sector. Specifically, in the example of each step described above, if the PPFD reaching each of sector A, sector B, and sector C is 1084, 650, and 390, and the PPFD value required during the daylight hours is approximately 726, sector A lacks PPFD. Otherwise, there will be a PPFD shortage of approximately 76 in the B sector and approximately 336 in the C sector.

The step (g) is a step of calculating the hourly PPFD value that must be supplemented from artificial light by multiplying the average sunshine time and the hourly deficit PPFD for each sector and dividing the value obtained by the artificial light retention time. Specifically, in the above-mentioned example, the average sunshine time during fall is 6.5 hours, but the shortage PPFD for sectors B and C is 76 and 336, respectively, so the average sunshine time multiplied by the hourly shortage PPFD for each sector is PPFD for sectors B and C. In the C sector, they are 495 and 2,186, respectively. If the lighting time to be supplemented with artificial light is set to 10 hours, the hourly PPFD value that must be supplemented with artificial light is 49.5 and 218.6 in sectors B and C, respectively.

The step (h) is a step of converting the PPFD value that must be supplemented from the artificial light into the artificial light source capacity. Here, the conversion to the artificial light source capacity may be based on the above-described light unit conversion standard, for example, the light unit conversion table shown in [Table 1] above. When the artificial light is a three-wavelength LED, in the above-mentioned example, the PPFD values, 49.5 and 218.6, that must be supplemented from artificial light in the B sector and C sector become 10.79 W/m2 and 47.62 W/m2, respectively, as the three-wavelength LED capacity.

Step (i) is a step of calculating the number of artificial light sources required for each sector from the LED capacity. For example, in step (h), the artificial light source capacities that need to be supplemented in sectors B and C are 10.79 W/m2 and 47.62 W/m2, respectively, so the number of three-wavelength LEDs that can provide these capacities can be calculated.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of a plant cultivation system to which the above-described light environment creation method is applied will be described in more detail.

A plant cultivation system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a system housing portion 100 consisting of a housing main body of the system and its auxiliary components; A plant cultivation unit 200 located inside the system housing unit 100 and including a planting unit 210 where plants are planted, wherein the lighting unit of the vertical plant cultivation unit is calculated according to the light environment creation method of the present invention. a plant cultivation unit 200 including a control unit for selectively controlling switching on or off of artificial light sources according to the sector and the number of artificial light sources for each sector, and a plurality of artificial light sources; And air is introduced into the pipes 420 of the support frames 411 and 412 that partition the plant cultivation unit 200, and the air is allowed to flow out through the air outlet 422 perforated on the pipe, thereby forming a space around the plant cultivation unit. It includes an air circulation unit 400 that circulates air. Additionally, the plant cultivation system 10 converts water into temperature-controlled water of a predetermined temperature and circulates the temperature-controlled water through pipes installed on the floor and ceiling of the housing to control the temperature inside the system housing unit 100. It may further include an adjustment unit 300.

Below, each of the above components will be described in more detail.

Figure 3 schematically shows the system housing portion 100 of the plant cultivation system 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the system housing part 100, the housing main body includes a space for plants to grow and is a space formed by a plurality of support walls extending upward from the bottom and forming a roof. The housing main body has an external shape consisting of a floor, a support wall, and a roof. Additionally, according to the present invention, the housing main body may be composed of a lighting part 101 and a light blocking and insulating part 102.

The lighting part 101 allows natural light to enter, and the light blocking and insulating part 102 is a part that blocks natural light and has an insulating material installed along part or all of the wall surface. The lighting part 101 may constitute part of the roof and a part of the support wall of the housing main body, and the light-shielding and insulating part 102 may constitute the remaining part of the roof and the remaining part of the supporting wall excluding the lighting part 101. can be configured. The lighting unit 101 is preferably installed in the southern direction of the housing body to effectively utilize natural light throughout the year.

According to one embodiment, the area ratio of the lighting part 101 to the light blocking and insulating part 102 in the housing main body may be 3.5 to 4.5 to 5.5 to 6.5, for example, 4:6. It may be preferable for the light blocking and insulating part 102 to have a larger area than the lighting part 101 for thermal insulation and maintaining a stable temperature. In order to prevent a lack of light or uneven light distribution due to the light blocking and insulating unit 102, the system housing unit 100 prevents loss of light through the light reflection unit 130, and the plant cultivation unit 200 provides a lighting unit ( 240), more artificial light can be used in areas where natural light does not reach sufficiently.

Additionally, according to one embodiment, an external sunshade 103 may be installed on the lighting part 101. Here, the external sunshade 103 can be used for the purpose of blocking and blocking the lighting portion 101 when excessive natural light is incident, such as during a summer day. The external sunshade 103 is preferably installed in a detachable or foldable manner so that it can be removed as needed. In addition, it is desirable to use a fabric with a light transmittance of 60% or more for the external sunshade 103, and shading by the external sunshade film is performed only in summer (June-August) when the amount of light is abundant.

In addition, according to one embodiment, the skylight unit 101 includes an inclined light-transmitting window on the ceiling of the housing, and the angle θ formed by the inclined surface of the inclined light-transmitting window with the vertical line perpendicular to the ground is 40 to 50 degrees. It can be set to a range, specifically a range of 45 to 50 degrees, for example, 48 to 49 degrees. By adjusting the slope of the light-transmitting window in the skylight section in this way, it is possible to create a structure in which natural light penetrates well into the corners of the housing and has the largest insulation area even with the smallest light-light section size. Specifically, if the angle is less than 40 degrees, the height of the housing ceiling becomes excessively high, resulting in an increase in unnecessary space, which may result in high construction costs. If the angle exceeds 50 degrees, the area of the lighting area is excessively widened, resulting in poor insulation performance. It may fall.

In addition, according to one embodiment, the skylight unit 101 is located on the south side of the housing main body, and the angle formed between the vertex of the inclined light-transmitting window of the skylight unit 101 and the lower northern corner of the housing main body is, The annual average South Central altitude value, for example in Korea, can be set to 45 to 60 degrees, specifically 53 degrees, which is the spring/autumn equinox South Central altitude. By setting the angle to the average annual southern altitude of the sun, the rate at which incident light enters through the lighting unit 101 increases, thereby increasing light efficiency.

The system housing unit 100 is located on the plant cultivation unit 200 and includes a ceiling partition plate 120 installed across the housing main body to partition the interior of the housing and the housing ceiling. The ceiling partition plate 120 serves to partition the housing main body so that growth conditions such as temperature controlled by the temperature control unit 300 and the air circulation unit 400 can be well maintained. By installing a ventilation hole 121 in the ceiling partition plate 120, unnecessary heat or air inside the housing can be discharged and circulated while maintaining internal growth conditions as described above. In addition, according to the present invention, a mechanical heat outlet 110 may be installed on the light-shielding and insulating part 102 located on the ceiling of the housing to forcibly discharge internal heat to the outside.

In addition, the ceiling partition plate 120 may further include a light reflection member (not shown) on the lower surface facing the inside of the housing, through which natural light incident from the outside of the housing is transmitted while reflecting light from the inside of the housing, thereby reducing light loss. This can be reduced. In addition, according to the present invention, light reflection parts 130a, 130b, and 130c can be installed on part or all of the wall surface of the light blocking and insulating part 102 to ensure that the light inside the housing body is well reflected.

According to one embodiment, the ceiling partition plate 120 may be a secondary diffuser with a light transmittance of 80% or more, and the natural light flowing into the greenhouse by the secondary diffuser is treated as diffused light, and the greenhouse's light-shielding and insulating portion 102 )'s internal walls are all treated with a light-reflective coating to increase the rate of internal incoming light reaching the crops.

A plant cultivation unit 200 is located inside the system housing unit 100 (see FIGS. 3 and 4). Figure 5 is a perspective view schematically showing a plant cultivation unit 200 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 6 is an air circulation unit 400, a plant cultivation unit 200, according to an embodiment of the present invention. and a front cross-sectional view schematically showing the state in which they are combined.

The plant cultivation unit 200 is partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames 411 and a plurality of horizontal support frames 412 and includes a plurality of plant cultivation layers arranged vertically. Each of the plant cultivation layers includes a plurality of planting units 210 in which plants are planted, and the planting units 210 may be disposed within a planting housing on the planting frame 220. The planting frame 210 may be connected to or attached to support frames 411 and 412 that support and partition the plant cultivation unit 200.

The plant cultivation unit 200 further includes a lighting unit 240. The lighting unit 240 may be placed on one side of the planting housing. The lighting unit 240 may be connected to a switch to selectively turn on or off the lighting by turning the switch on or off, and the switch may be manually operated or automatically controlled remotely. The lighting unit 240 may be installed at different densities depending on each area inside the housing of the system housing unit 100. For example, the lighting unit 240 may be installed at a higher density near the planting layer located on the floor furthest from the lighting unit 101 compared to the upper part of the housing adjacent to the lighting unit 101. As another example, the lighting units 240 may be installed at the same density and operated so that different numbers of lighting units 240 are turned on independently depending on the amount of light required for each area inside the housing.

When configuring a multi-layer cultivation system, the crop placement specifies the horizontal * vertical size of the crops, so that the horizontal spacing between crops is configured so that there is an empty space that exceeds the horizontal size of the crops in a ratio of at least 1:1, and the vertical spacing is also determined by the vertical size of the crops. It must be configured so that there is an empty space at a ratio of more than 1:1 with the bottom of the cultivation device (or artificial light location) at the top. In addition, the spacing between multi-layer cultivation devices holding crops must be configured so that there is empty space at a horizontal ratio of more than 1:1. The reason for doing this is to arrange the crops to facilitate the inflow of scattered light during dense multi-layer cultivation, so that when the natural light flowing into the greenhouse is scattered and supplied, the scattered light reaches each crop at a constant rate.

Additionally, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the plant cultivation unit 200 may include a nutrient solution supply unit 230 for each planting layer for supplying the nutrient solution to the plants. Here, the nutrient solution supply unit 230 of each planting layer can be distributed to each other through the nutrient solution movement passage 232. In addition, the nutrient solution inlet 231 for flowing the nutrient solution into the nutrient solution supply unit 230 is located in the upper layer of a plurality of vertical planting layers, and the nutrient solution outlet 233 for discharging the waste nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply unit 230 is located in a plurality of vertical planting layers. It can be located in the lower layer of the planting layer. Alternatively, the nutrient solution inlet 231 and the nutrient solution outlet 233 may be located in each planting layer so that the nutrient solution can be used independently in each planting layer.

The temperature control unit 300 is for controlling the temperature of the plant cultivation system 10, and a portion of the temperature control unit 300 is installed in the system housing unit 100 as shown in FIG. 2. According to the present invention, the temperature control unit 300 includes a geothermal heat exchange unit 310 installed underground, a heat pump that receives water supplied from the geothermal heat exchange unit 310 and converts it into temperature-controlled water adjusted to a predetermined temperature 330), a water moving pipe 510 installed so that temperature-controlled water from the heat pump 330 flows along the bottom and ceiling of the housing body, and a fan coil that sprays temperature-controlled air from the housing ceiling toward the inside of the housing. Includes unit 360.

The geothermal heat exchange unit 310 is located below (underground) the ground 301, and the temperature of the water (make-up water 302) supplied to the geothermal heat exchange unit 310 can be controlled by geothermal heat. The adjusted temperature may be the same as ground temperature (approximately 15°C). Water whose temperature is controlled in the geothermal heat exchange unit 310 can be stored in the groundwater storage 320 as needed. Since the groundwater storage 320 is located below the ground 301, the temperature of the water is at ground temperature. It can continue to be maintained. The temperature-controlled water flows back into the heat pump 330, and the heat pump 330 adjusts the temperature of the water to the temperature necessary to control the temperature inside the housing to generate temperature-controlled water such as cold water or hot water. The temperature-controlled water flows through the water movement pipe 510 to the bottom and ceiling of the housing body along the water movement paths 303a, 303b, and 303c. The temperature inside the housing can be adjusted by the temperature control number. According to one embodiment, the temperature-controlled water may be flowed into the heat storage tank 340, stored, and used before coming out of the heat pump 330 and moving to the housing main body.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of fan coil units 360 may be installed in a row on the ceiling of the housing main body, for example, under a ceiling partition plate. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the fan coil unit 360 may include an air inlet (not shown), a heat exchange coil (not shown), an air outlet (not shown), and a blower (not shown). . The fan coil unit 360 can control the temperature of the air by sucking in air through the air inlet and then exchanging heat with temperature-controlled water flowing along the water moving pipe 510. In this way, the air whose temperature is controlled by heat exchange flows out through the air outlet and can be sprayed as temperature-controlled air, such as hot or cold air, through the blower of the fan coil unit 360. At this time, the temperature-controlled air, such as the warm air or cold air, is sprayed from the housing ceiling toward the inside of the housing. Preferably, in order to prevent the air from directly contacting the planting unit 210, the fan coil unit 360 includes a plurality of It may be installed to be located between the planting units 210.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the air flowing into the air inlet of the fan coil unit 360 may be temperature-controlled in advance. Specifically, according to one embodiment of the present invention, the air inlet of the fan coil unit 360 may be connected to an air movement pipe 610 through which air from the pipe 610 flows in, where the pipe ( 610) may be installed to enable heat exchange between air and temperature control water by being adjacent to the water moving pipe 510 installed on the ceiling of the housing main body. According to one embodiment, at least one surface of the air movement pipe 610 and the water movement pipe 510 may be in contact with each other. According to another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the water movement pipe 510 may be installed in the form of a shell surrounding the air movement pipe 610. The temperature control water pipe shell may be installed only on a part of the air movement pipe 610.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the water movement pipe 510 installed at the bottom of the housing body may be installed in a zigzag shape. Like the ceiling of the housing main body, an air movement pipe 610 may be installed on the bottom, and the air movement pipe 610 is installed adjacent to the water movement pipe 510 at the bottom of the housing so that heat exchange occurs with each other. There may be. The air whose temperature has been adjusted by the heat exchange may be introduced into the air inlet of the support frame pipe 420 of the air circulation unit 400, which will be described later. Accordingly, the air whose temperature has been adjusted may be introduced into the air circulation unit 400. With its help, it can circulate inside the housing and contribute to the regulation of internal temperature. According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least one surface of the air movement pipe 610 and the water movement pipe 510 may be in contact with the bottom of the housing. According to another embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the water movement pipe 510 may be installed in the form of a shell surrounding the air movement pipe 610. The water pipe shell may be installed only on a portion of the air movement pipe 610.

The wastewater that flows along the floor and ceiling through the water movement pipe 510 of the temperature control unit 300 is stored in the wastewater storage 350 that stores wastewater along the wastewater movement paths 304a, 304b, and 304c. It may be supplied back to the geothermal heat exchange unit 310 or the heat pump 330 and recirculated.

As shown in FIG. 8, the air circulation unit 400 may include a plurality of support frames 411 and 412 that partition each planting layer of the plant cultivation unit 200. The support frame includes a support frame pipe 420. The pipes 420 can be connected to each other using a three-hole coupling part, a four-hole coupling part, etc. as shown in (b) and (c) of Figures 9.

The support frame pipe 420 includes an air movement passage 423 penetrating the inside of the pipe in the longitudinal direction and a plurality of air outlets 422. The spacing between the plurality of air outlets 422 may vary depending on the desired degree of breeze, etc., but, for example, it may be designed to include 1 to 2 air outlets between each pot where crops are planted. For example, if the pots where crops are planted are spaced 20 cm apart, an air outlet can be placed between each pot and the space between each air outlet can be 20 cm. In addition, according to one example, the diameter of the air outlet may be about 1/5 to 1/4 of the diameter of the pipe 420 for the support frame. For example, if the diameter of the pipe is 20 mm, the diameter of the air outlet may be 4 to 5 mm. mm, for example 5 mm.

Air from the air movement passage 423 is sprayed into the housing through the air outlet 422, and the air moves due to the pressure of the air sprayed to the outside, creating a breeze. According to one embodiment, the support frame pipe 420 may have air outlet portions 612 formed on at least two or more surfaces. Accordingly, air can flow out from two or more surfaces, allowing air circulation to occur in multiple directions. In order to induce even growth and development of plants and prevent pests and diseases, it is more desirable to generate a breeze through air circulation in multiple directions rather than air circulation in one direction, so that air circulation in multiple directions occurs from the pipe 420. By doing so, plant growth can be increased.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the air supply unit (not shown) that introduces air into the support frame pipe 420 of the air circulation unit 400 includes a humidity control unit 430 for controlling the humidity of the air, and carbon dioxide in the air. A carbon dioxide control unit 440 for concentration control and an air pressure control unit 450 for controlling air pressure may be further installed. Accordingly, the air flowing into the air circulation unit 400 can be introduced and circulated inside the housing with not only temperature but also humidity and carbon dioxide concentration controlled.

In the case of generating air flow by attaching an air circulation fan to the ceiling or cultivation equipment, and in the case of a method of pushing CO ₂ into the entire plant from one or several places in the farm through a separate CO 2 generator, air flow using an air circulation fan can generate a large overall flow, but cannot generate a constant and irregular breeze circulation around the crops, and because CO ₂ supplied from one or a few points within the greenhouse is impossible to maintain a constant CO ₂ concentration throughout the greenhouse, Problems such as growth deviation, occurrence of pests and diseases, and reduced photosynthetic efficiency cannot be solved when multi-layer cultivation using natural light is performed. Circulating air through a cultivation frame equipped with an air circulation port of the present invention generates irregular but continuous breeze circulation around crowded crops, and controlling the CO ₂ concentration in the circulated air maintains a constant CO ₂ concentration around the crops. This makes it possible to induce even growth and development of crops, prevent pests and diseases, and improve photosynthetic efficiency. Additionally, you can control humidity by connecting a moisture generator to the air circulation port, allowing you to stably control the three cultivation conditions of temperature, _CO2 , and humidity with one cultivation frame.

[Table 2] below shows an example of calculation according to steps (a) to (i) described above.

[Table 2]

To explain the above example in more detail, in this example, five-layer cultivation was standard, the size of the crop was standard at 15 cm horizontally, and the height when growing leafy vegetables was standard at a maximum of 30 cm vertically. Based on this, if the distance between crops is calculated at a 1:1 ratio, 15 cm or more is sufficient, but in this embodiment, it is calculated at 20 cm increments to increase the scattering light arrival rate, and the inter-layer height of the multi-layer cultivation device is set at a 1:1 ratio between crops and empty space. It was calculated as 60 cm. The floor of the multi-layer cultivation device can be used as a space for seedlings, so first-floor cultivation begins at 60 cm from the floor, and when a total of 5 floors are raised, the height of the cultivation device becomes 3 m. Considering that the vertical size of the crops placed on the 5th floor is 30 cm, the total height of the multi-layer cultivation device is 3 m 30 cm.

The luminous reach rate sector classification of multi-layer cultivation equipment is done by numbering 20 crops in one set of 5-layer cultivation and measuring the illuminance value at each crop location in hourly increments from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m., with the highest value being 100. When the reach rate was divided into A sector up to 80%, B sector up to 50% reach rate, and C sector up to 30% reach rate, there were 10 A sectors, 6 B sectors, and 4 C sectors (Figure 2).

There is little change in the natural light arrival rate for each crop in the multi-layer cultivation device in sectors A and C, but there is a slight change in sector B depending on the location of the crop and the degree of reflected and scattered light inflow. In the case of an embodiment, the number of crops in sector B may be 7 in a cultivation device set located in a location with good scattered light influx, and conversely, the number of crops in sector B may be 5 in a cultivation device set in a location with poor scattered light influx.

Assuming that a natural light and artificial light hybrid vertical farm is installed near Daegu Metropolitan City, Korea, the amount of light flowing into the greenhouse for each season is as shown in [Table 3] below.

season Namjung Godoe City
Natural light illuminance (measured value)
(lux) Within daylight hours
Daily average illuminance (lux)
(60% of natural light in Namjungdo) PPFD conversion value
(㎛ol/㎡/s) Spring (March - May) 70,000 42,000 1,354 Summer (June - August) 120,000 42,000 2,322 Fall (September to November) 70,000 42,000 1,354 Winter (December - February) 50,000 42,000 967

In summer, PPFD is calculated after primary diffused light (light transmittance 60%) and secondary diffused light (light transmittance 80%) are processed in the greenhouse, and in spring/autumn/winter, PPFD is calculated after secondary diffused light and then A/B/ Calculate the amount of light reaching each C sector. Sector A is calculated as 80% of the incoming light, sector B is calculated as 50%, and sector C is calculated as 30%. The PPFD of natural light reaching each sector is calculated as shown in [Table 4].

season natural light by season
PPFD
(㎛ol/㎡/s) primary diffusion
light transmittance secondary diffusion
light transmittance Reach by sector
PPFD
(㎛ol/㎡/s) Spring (March - May) A sector 1,354 - 80% 1,084 B sector - 80% 650 C sector - 80% 390 Summer (June - August) A sector 2,322 60% 80% 1,115 B sector 60% 80% 669 C sector 60% 80% 401 Fall (September to November) A sector 1,354 - 80% 1,084 B sector - 80% 650 C sector - 80% 390 Winter (December - February) A sector 967 - 80% 774 B sector - 80% 465 C sector - 80% 279

In order to supplement the insufficient amount of light for each season and each sector with artificial light, calculate the insufficient PPFD per hour, divide it by the artificial light supplementation time to calculate the PPFD required when using artificial light, and then calculate the PPFD required when using artificial light, and then calculate the three-wavelength LED capacity (W) to be used in the examples. In conversion, the electric capacity (W) of the three-wavelength LED that satisfies artificial light compensation can be obtained. Refer to [Table 5] below.

season average
sunshine
hour
(h) scarce
PPFD/hour
(㎛ol/㎡/s)/h sunshine hours
Cumulative PPFD
(㎛ol/㎡/s) artificial light
Light retention time
(h) Artificial light requirementsPPFD
(㎛ol/㎡/s) three wavelengths
LED
Volume
(W) spring
(March to May) A sector 8.2 - - 10

- - B sector - - - - C sector 186 1,523 152 34 summer
(June to August) A sector 5.5 - - - - B sector 190 1,043 104 23 C sector 457 2,515 251 55 autumn
(September to November) A sector 6.5 - - - - B sector 76 495 49 11 C sector 336 2,186 218 48 winter
(December to February) A sector 6.3 - - - - B sector 285 1,796 179 40 C sector 471 2,966 296 65

Using the present invention, natural light and artificial light can be used together without a separate optical sensor to meet the amount of light required for each crop during multi-layer cultivation, enabling multi-layer cultivation without deviation in the growth of crops.

When growing leafy vegetables using a combination of natural light and artificial light using the present invention, the annual electricity consumption when meeting the target DLI of 17 is estimated as shown in [Table 6].

season number of days Three-wavelength LED
Capacity (W) Electricity usage (W)
(Seasonal total) Total electricity usage (W)
(annual total) Spring (March - May) A sector 91 - 1,125,388 B sector 91 - C sector 91 34 120,749 Summer (June - August) A sector 91 - B sector 91 23 124,100 C sector 91 55 199,434 Fall (September to November) A sector 91 - B sector 91 11 58,897 C sector 91 48 173,353 Winter (December - February) A sector 91 - B sector 91 40 213,615 C sector 91 65 235,240

The electricity consumption that meets DLI 17 using artificial light is estimated as shown in [Table 7] below.

artificial light
lighting time target
DLI Required PPFD
(㎛ol/㎡/s) LED capacity
(W) Number of LEDs
(dog) Electricity usage
(year) 10 17 472 103 20 7,519,000

According to the above example, when using the present invention, sufficient light required for crops can be provided with an electricity consumption of about 15% of the artificial light vertical farm light procurement cost.

Although the present invention has been shown and described in relation to specific embodiments, it is known in the art that various improvements and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention as provided by the following claims. It will be self-evident to those with ordinary knowledge.

10 Plant Cultivation Systems
100 System housing part
101 Lighting part 102 Lighting and insulation part
103 External sunshade
110 Mechanical heat outlet 120 Ceiling divider
130a, 130b, 130c light reflection unit
200 Plant Cultivation Department
210 Planting Department 220 Planting Frame
230 Nutrient solution supply department
231 Nutrient solution inlet 232 Nutrient solution movement passage 233 Nutrient solution outlet
240 lighting department
300 temperature control unit
301 Ground 302 Supply Water
310 Geothermal heat exchange unit 320 Groundwater storage
330 heat pump 340 heat storage tank
303a, 303b, 303c number movement path
350 Wastewater storage 304a, 304b, 304c Wastewater movement path
360 Fan Coil Unit (FCU)
400 air circulation unit
411 Vertical support frame 412 Horizontal support frame
420 pipe for support frame
421 air inlet 422 air outlet
423 air movement passage
430 Humidity control unit 440 Carbon dioxide (CO2) control unit
450 air pressure control unit
510 male moving pipe
511 Temperature control water inlet 512 Temperature control water outlet
610 Pipe for air movement
611 air inlet 612 air outlet

Claims (11)

A method of creating a uniform light environment in a multi-layer plant cultivation system without using an optical sensor, the method
(a) within the plant cultivation system, pre-discriminating each plant cultivation layer into two or more sectors based on two or more grades predetermined according to the rate at which light reaches the plant cultivation layer;
(b) A step of measuring the illuminance (unit of lux) at the solar altitude of the sun and calculating the daily average natural light illuminance (unit of lux) from the illuminance, where the illuminance at the solar altitude of the sun is measured in real time using an illuminance sensor. Rather than being measured directly, it is an illuminance value at the average southern altitude of the sun in a certain period of time in a certain region, and the daily average natural light illuminance is not measured directly in real time using an illuminance sensor, but is the illuminance at the southern high altitude of the sun. 50 to 65% of the value;
(c) calculating PPFD (photosynthetically effective light flux density) from the daily average natural light intensity according to light unit conversion standards;
(d) calculating the reached PPFD in each of the distinct sectors of the plant cultivation layer;
(e) A step of converting the PPFD required within the sunshine hours based on the target DLI (daily integrated light) and average sunshine time for each plant type, where the average sunshine time is calculated by calculating the illuminance at the southern and middle altitude of the sun. It is the average sunshine time of the sun in the same period as the reference period;
(f) calculating the insufficient PPFD per hour for each sector by comparing the required PPFD value within the sunshine hours and the PPFD reached for each sector;
(g) calculating the hourly PPFD value that must be supplemented from artificial light by dividing the value obtained by multiplying the average sunshine time by the hourly deficit PPFD for each sector by the artificial light supplementation time;
(h) converting the PPFD value to be supplemented from artificial light into artificial light source capacity; and
(i) A method including calculating the number of artificial light sources required for each sector from the artificial light source capacity. delete According to paragraph 1,
The method wherein the artificial light source is an LED. According to paragraph 1,
A method wherein the multi-layer plant cultivation system includes:
A housing body including a light blocking part where natural light can enter and a light blocking insulating part with insulation installed along part or all of the wall surface, and a light reflection part installed on part or all of the wall surface of the light blocking insulating part to reflect light inside the housing main body. System housing part;
A vertical plant cultivation system is partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames and a plurality of horizontal support frames, and includes a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers and a lighting unit that selectively irradiates artificial light, and is located inside the housing of the system housing portion. As a unit, here, the lighting unit of the vertical plant cultivation unit includes a plurality of artificial light sources, and the lighting unit selectively switches the artificial light source according to the number of sectors and artificial light sources for each sector calculated according to the method for creating a uniform light environment. A vertical plant growing unit that controls on or off; and
A support frame pipe comprising an air movement passage and a plurality of air outlets for spraying air from the air movement passage into the interior of the housing and constituting the vertical support frame and the horizontal support frame, into the air movement passage of the support frame pipe It includes an air supply unit for introducing air, a humidity control unit for controlling the humidity of the air, a carbon dioxide control unit for controlling the carbon dioxide content in the air, and an air pressure control unit for controlling the pressure of the air, and the air flowing in through the air supply unit is stored inside the housing. The air circulation unit is air adjusted to target temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration. According to paragraph 4,
The method according to claim 1, wherein the area ratio of the lighting portion to the light blocking insulating portion in the housing body is 3.5 to 4.5 to 5.5 to 6.5. According to paragraph 4,
The mining portion is located on the south side of the housing main body,
The skylight unit includes an inclined light-transmitting window on the ceiling of the housing,
The method wherein the angle formed between the vertex of the inclined light-transmitting window of the skylight unit and the bottom of the northern corner of the bottom of the housing main body is the average annual southern altitude value of the sun. According to clause 6,
The method wherein the angle (θ) formed by the inclined surface of the inclined light-transmitting window with a vertical line perpendicular to the ground is within the range of 40 to 50 degrees. According to paragraph 4,
The system housing unit is located on the plant cultivation unit and includes a ceiling partition plate installed across the housing main body to partition the interior of the housing and the housing ceiling,
The method wherein the ceiling partition plate further includes a light reflection member on a lower surface facing the inside of the housing, so that natural light incident on the ceiling partition plate is transmitted and light from the inside of the housing is reflected. According to paragraph 4,
The method wherein the air outlet is formed on at least two or more surfaces of the support frame pipe, and the discharged air is circulated in a plurality of directions inside the housing. According to paragraph 4,
The air flowing in through the air supply part of the air circulation unit is air whose temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration are adjusted, and the humidity and carbon dioxide are controlled by spraying water vapor and carbon dioxide into the air from the air moving pipe. A plant cultivation system comprising:
A housing body including a light blocking part where natural light can enter and a light blocking insulating part with insulation installed along part or all of the wall surface, and a light reflection part installed on part or all of the wall surface of the light blocking insulating part to reflect light inside the housing main body. System housing part;
A vertical plant cultivation system is partitioned by a plurality of vertical support frames and a plurality of horizontal support frames, and includes a plurality of vertically arranged plant cultivation layers and a lighting unit that selectively irradiates artificial light, and is located inside the housing of the system housing portion. As a unit, wherein the lighting unit of the vertical plant cultivation unit includes a control unit for selectively controlling the switch on or off of the artificial light source according to the number of artificial light sources for each sector and the sector calculated according to the method described in claim 1, and a plurality of artificial light sources. a vertical plant cultivation unit including a light source; and
A support frame pipe comprising an air movement passage and a plurality of air outlets for spraying air from the air movement passage into the interior of the housing and constituting the vertical support frame and the horizontal support frame, into the air movement passage of the support frame pipe It includes an air supply unit for introducing air, a humidity control unit for controlling the humidity of the air, a carbon dioxide control unit for controlling the carbon dioxide content in the air, and an air pressure control unit for controlling the pressure of the air, and the air flowing in through the air supply unit is stored inside the housing. The air circulation unit is air adjusted to target temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration.