RU2256794C1 - Face telemetry system with hydraulic communication channel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: system has setting bushing and well block, having pulse generator, stator and rotor of which have longitudinal channels, holder of rotor relatively to stator, hydraulic turbine and electro-generator, rotor of which is set on same shaft with hydraulic turbine rotor. Body of fixer is connected to upper portion of shaft of pulse generator rotor. Guiding apparatus of hydraulic turbine is made in setting bushing in form of evenly distributed around circle longitudinal grooves, forming same angle with diametric plane, different from 0°. Rotor of hydraulic turbine is provided with longitudinal blades and connected to rotor of pulse generator by friction sleeve, made in form of engaged disks and cylindrical torque spring, by one end connected to pulse generator rotor, and by other end - to lower engagement disk. Upper engagement disk is connected to hydraulic turbine rotor end. Anchor of electromagnetic drive of fixer can have longitudinal hydraulic channels, and in its end working space non-magnetic washer can be mounted.

EFFECT: higher trustworthiness, higher precision, broader functional capabilities.

2 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the drilling of wells and can be used to control downhole parameters during drilling, as well as logging during drilling. The technical result is to improve the quality of well research during drilling, including obtaining data for controlling directional drilling due to faster and more reliable transmission of information from the bottom to the surface. The telemetry system comprises a drill pipe drill collar and a downhole tool having a pulse generator, a stator and a rotor of which have longitudinal channels, a rotor retainer relative to the stator and a hydraulic turbine. An electric generator was additionally introduced, the rotor of which is mounted on the same shaft as the rotor of the turbine, the guiding apparatus of the turbine is made in the landing sleeve in the form of longitudinal grooves uniformly distributed around the circumference, forming the same angle with a diametrical plane other than 0 °. The turbine rotor is equipped with longitudinal blades and is connected to the pulse generator rotor by a friction clutch made in the form of clutch disks and a torsion coil spring, connected to the pulse generator rotor by one end, and the lower clutch disc, the upper clutch disk is fixed to the end of the hydraulic turbine rotor, and the casing the latch is fixed to the top of the rotor shaft of the pulse generator.

For data transmission in the telemetry systems MWD (monitoring of the drilling process) and LWD (logging while drilling), the sensors located at the lower end of the drill pipe string continuously or periodically monitor the required parameters, and the corresponding information is transmitted to the surface during drilling. Information for transmission is digitally encoded and transmitted in the form of pressure pulses via a hydraulic channel (along a column of flushing liquid). The hydraulic communication channel in the MWD and LWD television systems is currently the most reliable and widely used. The requirements for the communication channel are determined primarily by the amount of information that must be transmitted per unit of time. Depending on the number of recorded parameters and the rate of penetration during drilling, to obtain high-quality information, a transmission speed of the order of 4-4.5 bits per second is required [1].

One of the known devices used to transmit information during drilling is a “siren” [1] (developed by Schlumberger). The device is installed inside the drill pipe string and forms a continuous sequence of positive pressure pulses, which plays the role of a carrier frequency. The device is a system of stator and rotor. During rotation, the latter periodically blocks the openings (channels) in the stator through which the flushing fluid flows, thereby creating continuous periodic pressure fluctuations. The rotor is driven by an electric motor powered by batteries or batteries. The oscillation frequency depends on the number of sections on the stator and rotor and on the rotor speed and can reach 24 Hz, and the information transfer rate depending on the modulation method can be quite high - up to 3 bits per second. The amplitude of the pulses is of the order of 1000 kPa. Telesystems with a “siren” allow you to choose the carrier frequency with the least attenuation or the best detuning from noise. A significant drawback of the system is its low noise immunity, as the signal attenuation increases significantly with increasing frequency, the amplitude of the noise from the pump significantly exceeds the amplitude of the signals from the “siren”, the signals are significantly distorted and decrease in transitions from one pipe diameter to another. Therefore, when taking measurements during drilling, it is necessary to assess in advance the expected signal amplitude on the surface using special programs that take into account all factors acting on it and select the optimal operating mode of the telesystem at each stage of the well drilling and, in order to increase the reliability and quality of the information received, reduce speed of its transmission.

Known telemetry systems containing a pulse generator that transmit downhole information in the form of an unmodulated sequence of pressure pulses [1]. There is a type of pulse generator that uses a poppet (or other type) valve that opens and closes the central hole by moving it in the axial direction with an actuator. The disadvantage of such generators is the high power consumption, because the actuator must act against the movement of the flushing fluid. Such devices are used in the Teleco and Sperry-Sun MWD systems, the information transfer speed in them is up to 2 bits per second. Telesystems are complex large-sized structures located in pipes that fit into a drill pipe string. They contain complex and expensive actuators and their power systems. The equipment requires bulky and expensive equipment for assembly, maintenance and transportation. For example, a device of a two-position pressure pulse generator [2] is known, consisting of a fixed stator and a movable rotor with an actuator providing its axial and rotary movement for selectively closing longitudinal holes in the stator. The actuator, which is a solenoid block, is activated by the signals of the encoder. The generator has two stable states that form pulses in the column of flushing fluid. Significant efforts required to block the stator openings by acting against fluid movement necessitate a large-capacity energy source sufficient for the inter-prophylactic period, and the inertia of the actuator does not allow information transfer rates of more than 1.5 bits per second.

Closest to the proposed invention is a measurement system during drilling [3], which uses the transmission of information in the form of an unmodulated pulse sequence - using a rotary pulse generator, consisting of a stator and a rotor. The latter, periodically turning relative to the stator, closes and opens the channels through which the flushing fluid flows, thereby creating pressure pulses. The measurement system includes a downhole tool installed in the lower part of the drill pipe string into a special landing sleeve and ground-based recording equipment, including a signal receiver, a decoder and a recording device. The downhole tool consists of a block of sensors of registered parameters, a microprocessor unit, power supply and a pressure pulse generator. It can be lowered and installed in the drill pipe string and removed from the well without lifting the string. For this purpose, in the upper part the device is equipped with a tip for coupling with the overshot, and in the lower part it is equipped with a “feather” for installation in the landing sleeve. The pressure pulse generator consists of a fixed stator and a rotary rotor. The stator and rotor have longitudinal channels through which the flushing fluid flows. The rotor is located below or above the stator and in one of the two-position positions it closes the stator channels, creating pressure pulses. Torque on the rotor is created by a hydraulic turbine formed by a special form of stator and rotor channels or an impeller mounted on the same shaft as the rotor. The rotation of the rotor is controlled by a latch operating from an electromagnetic drive made in the form of a solenoid. The latch has a housing connected by a longitudinal shaft with a rotary rotor and a transverse locking pin connected by a longitudinal rod to the solenoid armature. An anchor makes translational-reciprocal movements: forward stroke - by supplying power to the winding, reverse - by the action of a spring. In the retainer housing, the locking pin engages alternately with the upper and lower housing elements — longitudinal pins that lock the rotor in positions when its channels are aligned with the stator channels or are closed. The described measurement system provides an information transfer rate of up to 2 bits per second, which is determined by the inertia of the rotor and the characteristics of the hydraulic turbine. The time of rotation of the rotor by a given angle, having an initial angular velocity ω ₀ = 0, depends on the applied moment of forces, the moment of resistance and the moment of inertia of the rotor. In a hydraulic turbine formed by the shape of the stator and rotor channels according to [3], when the stator channels are blocked, the circulation of the flow at the inlet to the rotor decreases sharply, and the starting moment and speed of the turbine drop. According to another embodiment [3], the turbine is an impeller on the rotor shaft. Such turbines have very small moments of rotation, there is no flow circulation at the inlet of the impeller, and by Zhukovsky’s theorem the force action of the flow on the profile streamlined by it is determined by the velocity circulation created around this profile [4].

The objectives of the invention are to increase the speed of information transmission downhole telemetry system through a hydraulic communication channel up to 5 bits per second and increase the reliability of the equipment, resulting in the desired technical result to improve the quality of well research during drilling, including obtaining better data for management directional drilling, which ultimately reduces costs and time and improves drilling efficiency.

These tasks are achieved by the fact that in the downhole telemetry system with a hydraulic communication channel containing a landing sleeve and a downhole tool having a pulse generator, a stator and a rotor of which have longitudinal channels, a rotor retainer relative to the stator and a hydraulic turbine, an electric generator is additionally introduced, the rotor of which is mounted on one the shaft with the rotor of the turbine, the guiding apparatus of the turbine is made in the landing sleeve in the form of longitudinal grooves uniformly distributed around the circumference, forming with a diameter With the same plane, the same angle is different from 0 °, the rotor of the turbine is equipped with longitudinal blades and is connected to the rotor of the pulse generator by a friction clutch made in the form of clutch disks and a cylindrical torsion spring, one end connected to the rotor of the pulse generator, and the other to the lower disk clutch, the upper clutch disc is fixed to the end face of the rotor of the turbine, and the latch housing is fixed to the upper part of the rotor shaft of the pulse generator. In addition, the anchor of the electromagnetic drive of the clamp has longitudinal hydraulic channels, and a non-magnetic washer is installed in its end working gap.

New in relation to the prototype is that in a downhole telemetry system with a hydraulic communication channel containing a landing sleeve and a downhole tool having a pulse generator, a stator and a rotor of which have longitudinal channels, a rotor retainer relative to the stator and a hydraulic turbine, an electric generator is additionally introduced, the rotor of which mounted on the same shaft with the rotor of the turbine, the guiding apparatus of the turbine is made in the landing sleeve in the form of longitudinal grooves uniformly distributed around the circumference, forming with a diametrical plane, the same angle is different from 0 °, the turbine rotor is equipped with longitudinal blades and is connected to the pulse generator rotor by a friction clutch made in the form of clutch disks and a torsion coil spring, connected to the pulse generator rotor at one end and the lower end to the lower the clutch disc, the upper clutch disc is fixed to the end face of the turbine rotor, and the retainer housing is fixed to the upper part of the rotor shaft of the pulse generator. In addition, the anchor of the electromagnetic drive of the clamp has longitudinal hydraulic channels, and a non-magnetic washer is installed in its end working gap.

The grooves of the hydraulic turbine guide vanes inclined to the diametric plane at a certain angle create circulation of the fluid flow at the rotor inlet, which provides a significantly higher hydraulic turbine power (torque and rotation speed) in comparison with the prototype. The parameters of the hydraulic turbine can be selected due to the interchangeable guide vane with different slope angles, they determine the speed of rotation of the rotor of the pulse generator and, therefore, the speed of formation of pressure pulses. The connection of the rotor of the turbine with the rotor of the pulse generator by a friction clutch made in the form of clutch discs and a cylindrical torsion spring allows for non-stop rotation of the rotor of the turbine with its slipping relative to the rotor of the pulse generator at the moment of fixation of the latter, and at the moment of release from fixation use the kinetic energy of rotation and the potential energy of the twisted spring, which also increases the speed of the pulse generator. An additional electric generator introduced into the downhole tool, the rotor of which is mounted on the same shaft with the rotor of the hydraulic turbine, provides power to the downhole tool and recharges the battery, which increases the reliability of the equipment, and its residence time at the bottom is not limited to the battery life. The longitudinal hydraulic channels of the armature of the electromagnetic drive eliminate the piston effect, and the non-magnetic washer installed in its working gap prevents sticking of the armature at the end of the stroke, which increases the speed of the electromagnetic drive.

The combination of these distinguishing features allows you to get a new quality of the television system - to increase the speed of information transfer up to 5 bits per second (2.5 times). Analysis of existing systems and patent research have shown that the proposed technical solution has novelty, inventive step and industrial applicability.

The invention is illustrated in the drawings, where

figure 1 shows an electronic module located in the upper part of the downhole tool installed in the drill pipe string;

figure 2 shows the electromechanical module located in the lower part of the downhole tool installed in the drill pipe string;

figure 3 shows a section along aa, in the case of combining the channels of the rotor and stator;

figure 4 shows a section along aa, in the case when the rotor overlaps the stator channels;

figure 5 shows a section along BB;

figure 6 shows a section along BB;

Fig.7 shows a section along G-G;

on Fig depicts a scan of a non-magnetic washer located in the working gap of the electromagnetic drive.

The downhole tool 1 is installed in the lower part of the drill pipe string 2 above the downhole motor with the help of the landing sleeve 3, which is made integral and fixed to the string. The landing sleeve 3 is the support of the downhole tool and orientates it relative to the diverter of the drilling tool in directional and horizontal wells. In the upper part, the device is equipped with a tip 4 for coupling with an overshot during tripping, and in the lower part - a cylindrical landing surface 5 with an end ledge 6 and a keyway (not shown in the drawing). The downhole tool consists of two main components: an electromechanical module and an electronic module located in the upper part and including a sensor unit 7 of registered parameters, a microprocessor unit 8 and a power accumulator unit 9. The pressure pulse generator of the electromechanical module contains a fixed stator 10 mounted in the landing sleeve 3 and a rotary rotor 11 mounted on the lower end of the downhole tool. The stator and rotor have longitudinal channels 12 and 13, through which flushing fluid flows during drilling. The rotor can occupy a two-position position relative to the stator: its channels are combined with the stator channels; the rotor is rotated and partially blocks the stator channels. The telesystem has a hydraulic turbine, including a guiding device 14, made in the landing sleeve 3, and a rotor 15, mounted in the downhole tool above the rotor 11. The guiding device is made in the form of longitudinal grooves 14 evenly distributed around the circumference, forming an angle α with a diametrical plane other than 0 °, i.e. the grooves 14 are inclined to the diametrical plane at a certain angle, which creates at the inlet of the rotor 15 a circulation of fluid flow relative to the longitudinal axis. The guide apparatus can be made interchangeable with different slope angles, i.e. parameters of a hydraulic turbine can be selected according to the moment and speed of rotation. The hydraulic turbine rotor 15 is mounted in bearings 16 of the downhole tool body 17 and is provided with longitudinal blades 18. The rotor 15 is connected to the rotor 11 by a friction clutch having clutch disks 19 and 20 and a torsion coil spring 21, one end of which is connected to the rotor 11 and the other to the lower clutch disc 20 by means of the supporting sleeve 22. The spring 21 presses the lower disc 20 to the upper disc 19, the latter is fixed to the end face of the rotor 15. On the rotor shaft 15 in its upper part there is a rotor 23 of the electric generator, the stator 24 of which is fixed in the housing 17. Fix the rotor rotor 11 relative to the stator 10 has a rotary housing 25 fixed to the upper part of the shaft 26 of the rotor 11, and an electromagnetic control drive consisting of a power winding 27 located on the frame 28, and an armature 29 connected to the rod 30, a spring-loaded spring 31. B two bushings 32 and 33 are fixed to the housing 25, through which the lower part of the rod 30 passes. The bushings 32 and 33 have end cams 34 and 35, located opposite each other. The cams of the upper and lower bushings are offset relative to each other by the angle γ of rotation of the rotor 11. Between the cams of the bushings there are transverse pins 36 of the thrust 30, being in the zone of contact with the cams of the lower or upper bush. The rod 30 is limited from turning by a transverse pin 37 of the rod 30 placed at its ends in the grooves of the housing 17. The housing 25 and the shaft 26 are mounted in bearings 38, 39, 40. The armature 29 is provided with longitudinal hydraulic channels 41, and a split sheet is installed in its working end gap washer 42 of non-magnetic material.

The electromechanical module inside is filled with an insulating fluid, such as oil, which also serves as a lubricant for moving elements. The sealing of the rotating shafts is provided by cuffs 43 and 44, and the temperature changes of the internal volume are compensated by an elastic sheath 45. The electronic connection of the electronic module with the lower oil-filled electromechanical module is carried out through pressure-resistant electrical inputs 46.

The telemetry system operates as follows. When the drilling tool is lowered into the well, the downhole tool 1 is installed in the lower part of the drill pipe string 2 with a cylindrical surface 5 in the landing sleeve 3 until it stops against the end face 6 at the end of the sleeve. It is possible to lower (and remove) the downhole tool into a mounted string using a cable and an overshot coupled to a tip 4. During turbine drilling, drilling fluid pumps the drilling fluid into the drill string. The fluid flow passes through the guide apparatus 14 and the rotor 15 of the turbine, the channels 13 and 12 of the rotor 11 and the stator 10 of the pressure pulse generator. Under the influence of the liquid flow blades 18, the rotor of the hydraulic turbine rotates, overcoming friction in the clutch disks 19 and 20 with a braked rotor 11 and twisting the spring 21 with a moment equal to the moment of friction in the disks 19 and 20. The moment of resistance in the bearings 16 between the rotor 15 and the housing 17 is negligible. The parameters recorded by the sensors in block 7 are digitally encoded by the microprocessor block 8 and supplied in the form of power pulses from the battery unit 9 to the coil 27 of the control electromagnetic drive. Anchor 29 with a thrust 30, limited from turning by a pin 37, make reciprocating movements. If there is a current in the winding 27, the armature 29 is drawn into the frame 28, and between the power pulses is pressed by the spring 31. Through the channels 41, fluid flows during the movement of the armature, and the non-magnetic washer 42 in the end working gap prevents it from sticking, which increases the speed and reliability of the drive . The pins 36 move with a thrust 30 up and down between the cams 34 and 35 of the bushings 32 and 33, disengage from one of them, release the housing 25 to rotate through an angle γ until it engages with the cams of the opposite sleeve. The rotor 11 together with the shaft 26, the housing 25 and the bushings 32 and 33 scrolls in the bearings 38, 39, 40 under the action of the moment applied to it, which is composed of components due to the kinetic energy of the rotating rotor 15 of the hydraulic turbine and the potential energy of the sprung spring 21. The compressive force the disks 19 and 20, carried out by the spring 21 through the thrust sleeve 22, and is selected so that the disks 19 and 20 slip when the rotor 11 is locked and with a certain supply of the mud pump, the rotation speed is provided within the specified limits otorrhea 15. In this case the operating parameters are provided power generator, a rotor 23 which is mounted on the same shaft with the rotor 15 and the stator 24 is mounted in the housing 17. The power generator provides power to the downhole tool and charging the battery, which increases the reliability of the apparatus. When disengaged, the rotor 11 rotates together with the rotor 15 due to the engagement of the disks 19 and 20, receiving additional acceleration from the twisted spring 21. The rotor 11 is alternately locked in two positions when the channels 12 of the stator 10 are open or partially closed, that is, positive impulses are formed the pressure of the flushing fluid, which reproduce the control pulses of the power supply of the electromagnetic drive, carrying encoded information from the sensors. Pressure pulses pass through the column of flushing fluid and are recorded at the wellhead. The electromechanical module inside is filled with an insulating fluid, which serves as a lubricant for moving elements. Changes in the volume of the insulating liquid are compensated by the elastic shell 45. The sealing of the rotating shafts is carried out by cups 43 and 44. The electrical connection of the electromagnetic drive and the generator with the electronic module is carried out through pressure-resistant electrical inputs 46.

The application of the invention allowed:

1. Increase the information transfer rate by 2.5 times (up to 5 bits per second).

2. To increase the information content, reliability and accuracy of the television system.

3. Improve the layout of the downhole tool system.

4. To increase the reliability of the system for the formation of transmitted signals.

5. To increase the resource of the downhole tool for energy consumption.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. S.M. Axelrod. Logging while drilling (based on American publications), “Logging”, Scientific and Technical Bulletin No. 85, Tver, 2002

2. US patent No. 5787052 IPC G 01 V 1/40, 07/28/1998

3. US patent No. 4914637, IPC N 04 N 9/00, 04/03/1990, [Prototype].

4. G.I. Krivchenko. Hydraulic machines. M., Energy, 1978

Claims (2)

1. Downhole telemetry system with a hydraulic communication channel, containing a landing sleeve and a downhole tool having a pulse generator, a stator and a rotor of which have longitudinal channels, a rotor retainer relative to the stator and a hydraulic turbine, characterized in that an electric generator is additionally introduced, the rotor of which is mounted on one shaft with a rotor of the turbine, the guiding apparatus of the turbine is made in the landing sleeve in the form of longitudinal grooves uniformly distributed around the circumference, forming from the diametrical plane At the same angle, different from 0 °, the turbine rotor is equipped with longitudinal blades and is connected to the pulse generator rotor by a friction clutch made in the form of clutch disks and a torsion coil spring, one end connected to the pulse generator rotor and the other to the lower clutch disk , the upper clutch disc is fixed to the end face of the hydraulic turbine rotor, and the latch housing is fixed to the upper part of the rotor shaft of the pulse generator. 2. Downhole telemetry system with a hydraulic communication channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the anchor of the electromagnetic actuator of the latch has longitudinal hydraulic channels, and a non-magnetic washer is installed in its end working gap.

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