RU2807119C1 - Method and device for control of installation using landing chamber of explosive type of downhole tools - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: downhole tool.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions is related to a method and device for monitoring an installation using a landing chamber of an explosive-type downhole tool. The method is characterized by the fact that a device is placed inside the landing chamber. The device includes at least one pressure sensor. The device is structurally connected to the sealed upper cavity of the landing chamber, in which a detonator or squib with a charge is installed. During operation of the landing chamber, the measurement data received from the pressure sensor is recorded and transmitted in real time to a ground-based computer device. The method also includes determining the presence of sections on the pressure versus time curve in which pressure changes and changes in the derivative of pressure with time occur. The method also includes the stage of checking the compliance of the obtained data with the expected changes with the correct functioning of the landing chamber and the correct installation of the downhole tool.

EFFECT: increase of accuracy of diagnostics of the operation of an explosive-type landing chamber and downhole tools, including a packer device.

11 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the oil industry and is intended to control the installation using a landing chamber of an explosive type of downhole tool, in particular, to control the installation of packers lowered on a cable or on a tubing (tubing) or on a flexible tubing (CT) necessary for hermetically sealed isolation of individual well intervals during various technological operations. The invention can also be used when carrying out perforation and blasting operations in a well during preparation and during multi-stage hydraulic fracturing (MSHF), in particular, using R&P technology, when pumping a working agent into a well or extracting well fluid, during the development or operation of one or several layers.

The ability to obtain reliable information about the process of installing downhole tools using an explosive-type landing chamber in real time and, in the case of installing a packer, about the state of the tightness of the isolated space, increases the efficiency and reliability of perforation and blasting operations.

An explosion chamber (CN112414240A) used in a downhole tool is known, in which whether the detonator has exploded or not is judged by analyzing the feedback current; in this case, an ignition curve is plotted to determine the initiation point of the detonator.

The measurement results obtained using a known device do not allow monitoring the process of operation of the explosive-type landing chamber and the installation of downhole tools, since the type of ignition curve is determined only by the initiation of the detonator and is not associated with the ignition or detonation of the explosive, and accordingly, is not associated with that created by the above pressure factors required for the operation of the downhole tool, and also does not depend on the installation process of the downhole tool.

A known method and device for monitoring the functioning of a detonator in an explosion chamber (patent US7565927). According to some embodiments of the invention, the device is located in the body of the explosion chamber and is intended, among other things, to measure the characteristics of the environment inside the explosion chamber. The device can record data from multiple locations inside and outside the downhole tool, such as temperature at specific points inside the tool for later comparison with temperatures at other locations or to determine a temperature profile along the tool. The various measured one or more characteristics are representative of the state of the explosive device (before, during and/or after detonation of the explosive device) or the environment surrounding the explosive device. The device includes one or more sensors.

The device and method described above make it possible to monitor the operation of an explosive device directly in a perforator, while there is no possibility to control the dynamics of the mechanical system of the downhole landing tool and packing device, which operate from the pressure obtained when the detonator or squib is triggered and the charge burns. As a result, the known device and method do not allow assessing the quality of installation of a packer device or any other downhole tool in which the activation energy of an explosive substance is converted into the kinetic energy of movement of the structural elements of the explosive-type landing chamber, downhole tool, including the packer device.

The problem to be solved by the invention is to create a method and device that makes it possible to control the process of installing downhole tools carried out by an explosive-type landing chamber.

The technical result consists in increasing the accuracy of diagnostics of the operation of an explosive-type landing chamber and downhole tools, including a packer device.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of monitoring the installation using a landing chamber of an explosive type of downhole tool, according to which an electronic device, which includes at least one pressure sensor with built-in temperature compensation or supplemented with an external temperature sensor, is placed inside the landing chamber in such a way that it is structurally connected to the sealed upper cavity of the landing chamber, in which a detonator or squib with a charge is installed; during the operation of the landing chamber, the measurement data received from the pressure sensor is recorded in real time along the core of the geophysical cable or in any other way they are transferred to a ground-based computer device, determined on the pressure versus time curve, the presence of sections in which pressure changes and changes in the derivative of pressure with time occur, and the obtained data are checked for compliance with the expected changes with the correct functioning of the landing chamber and the correct installation of downhole tools in the well.

In this case, data is transferred to a computer device via one or more cores of a geophysical cable, or through hydraulic, acoustic electromagnetic or any other connection.

The specified technical result is also achieved by the fact that the device for monitoring the installation of downhole tools using an explosive-type landing chamber contains at least one pressure sensor with built-in temperature compensation or supplemented with an external temperature sensor, a processor, an analog-to-digital converter, a transceiver, an address decoder devices, non-volatile memory, initiation unit, power supply. The processor is designed to receive signals from sensors in digitized form and transmit them through duplex communication elements to the surface and into non-volatile memory, as well as to receive and process signals from the device address decoder. A pressure sensor through an analog-to-digital converter, a transceiver through a device address decoder, an initiation unit, non-volatile memory and a power supply are connected to the processor.

The control device can be built into the landing chamber or be made in the form of a separate replaceable module.

The control device is designed to register measurement data received from sensors about the functioning of the landing chamber, process it by a processor, record it in non-volatile memory, transfer information to the “day” surface in real time to make the necessary decisions for the efficient and reliable performance of necessary work in the well (for example , perforation blasting, packer installation, etc.).

The process of installing a downhole tool is influenced not only by the operation of the detonator or squib and charge, but also by the way in which the mechanisms intended for installation were activated. The dynamics of the movement of structural elements of an explosive-type landing chamber, downhole tools, including a packer device, depends on many factors, such as the operation of a detonator or squib, charge combustion, pressure created due to the above factors, damper operation, friction forces in a mechanical system, design explosive type landing chamber, downhole tools, including packer device, hardness of splines and casing, shearing force of safety pins, etc.

Thus, the change in pressure inside the landing chamber is caused by the activation of the detonator or squib in the upper cavity and the combustion of the charge, as well as the dynamics of the movement of the structural elements of the landing chamber and downhole tools. Consequently, measuring the pressure inside the landing chamber makes it possible to control not only the combustion and explosion process, but also the process of installing downhole tools, which increases the accuracy of diagnosing the operation of the explosive landing chamber and downhole tools.

The control device can be made in the form of an autonomous product when carrying out perforation-blasting operations (PVR) on tubing or coiled tubing without a cable, or in the form of a cable module, powered and controlled from the “day” surface. In the case of autonomous use, batteries are used in the monitoring device, and duplex communication with the “day” surface is carried out by any available types of communication used when working with autonomous downhole instruments, for example, hydraulic, acoustic, electromagnetic, etc. When the monitoring device operates autonomously, it is also possible to obtain data on the operation of the downhole landing tool and downhole device, for example, a packer, after lifting the entire assembly to the “day” surface.

When working in the cable version, duplex communication is carried out along one or more cores of the geophysical cable. Duplex communication is used to control the operation of the downhole landing tool and obtain information about the functioning of the downhole landing tool and, for example, a packer device, necessary for making decisions about the continuation of work.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an explosive-type landing chamber with a packer lowered into the well on a geophysical cable.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a diagram of the control device.

In fig. Figure 3 shows the placement of a control device built into an explosive-type landing chamber and structurally connected to a sealed upper cavity in which a detonator or squib with a charge is installed.

In fig. Figure 4 shows the placement of the control device, made in the form of a separate replaceable module, which is installed inside the landing chamber.

In fig. Figure 5 shows a graph of the pressure inside the landing chamber versus time with the correct functioning of the explosive-type landing chamber and packer.

In fig. 1 shows: single-core geophysical cable 1; cable lug 2; central cable core (CLC) 3; electrical input assembly 4; adapter 5; O-ring 6; board 7; casing 8; pressure sensor with built-in temperature compensation 9; plug 10; O-rings 11; spark plug bridge 12; squib (detonator) 13; charge (checker) 14; camera body 15; sealing rings 16; piston 17; sealing rings 18; oil absorption cavity 19; oil 20; rubber plug 21; tip 22; sealing rings 23; hairpin 24; O-rings 25; packer rod 26; dies 27; cones 28; cuff 29.

The control device (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4) includes: pressure sensor 9 with built-in temperature compensation, pressure sensor wire 30, signal wire 31, and in the case of an option in the form of a separate replaceable module, in addition, housing 32 and sealing ring 33, non-volatile memory 34, device address decoder 35, transceiver 36, processor 37, power supply 38, which provides the necessary power to the processor 37, which, in turn, connects to the power supply the pressure sensor 9, initiation unit 39, analog-to-digital converter 40 In the case of an autonomous version of using the device, the power supply 38 is powered not from the “day” surface along the core of the geophysical cable 1, but from an additional battery installed in the device.

Through the central core of cable 3 from the “day” surface, constant power is supplied to the power supply 38 and the address command is received to the transceiver 36, which in the transceiver 36 is brought to the required voltage levels and then the command normalized by the level is sent to the device address decoder 35. In the case If the command address matches the device address, the command is sent to processor 37, where it is decrypted and, in accordance with the software flashed into processor 37, executed.

It is possible to use a processor with a built-in analog-to-digital converter.

It is possible to use the processor as a device address decoder.

The monitoring device can also be used as an element of a cable or autonomous selective perforation system in combination with similar devices.

The control device additionally performs the functions of an addressable selective perforation device, up to controlling the initiation of the detonator (squib, igniter, cartridge), according to commands coming from the “day” surface. Commands can be transmitted to the processor through one or more cores of the geophysical cable, or through hydraulic, acoustic electromagnetic or any other communication.

The invention can be implemented as follows.

A control device is installed in the landing chamber in such a way that it is structurally connected to the sealed upper cavity of the landing chamber, which allows using the pressure sensor included in the device to measure the pressure directly in the sealed upper cavity of the landing chamber.

An explosive-type landing chamber with a downhole tool is lowered.

When lowering the proposed structure into a well to a given depth, an address command is given via cable 1, after decoding which the control device initiates the detonator 13 and the charge 14 in the chamber 15 is ignited. When a command is received to initiate the detonator 13 (squib, igniter, cartridge), the processor 37 allows supplying power through wire 30 to the pressure sensor 9 from the power supply 38, switches the analog-to-digital converter 40 into high-speed polling mode and allows the initiation unit 39 to issue an initiation pulse through the signal wire 31 and the spark plug bridge 12 to the detonator 13. The processor 37 receives signals from sensors 9, digitized by an analog-to-digital converter 40 and transmitted through a transceiver 36 to the surface and to non-volatile memory 34 located on board 7.

During the operation of the landing chamber, the pressure inside the chamber 15 is measured by a pressure sensor 9 built into the sealed upper cavity with the charge 14. When the charge 14 is ignited, the pressure inside the chamber 15 begins to change (see Fig. 5). Data from sensor 9 is transmitted to a computer device, which is located on the “day” surface (not shown in Fig.).

The pressure sensor 9 is installed in such a way that it allows directly in the sealed upper cavity of the landing chamber to measure the dynamic pressure obtained due to the combustion products of the charge 14 and the disconnection of the downhole tool 24÷29.

The following describes the operation of the landing chamber with the control device using the example of packer installation.

When lowering the proposed structure into a well to a given depth, an address command is given via cable 1, after decoding which the control device initiates the detonator 13 with or without a piece of detonating cord, the detonation wave propagates in the direction of the charge 14, which ensures the ignition of the charge 14 in the sealed upper cavity cameras. It is possible to use a 13th cartridge (squib) instead of a detonator. After initiation of the squib or detonator 13 in the sealed upper chamber, the charge 14 installed in the same cavity is ignited, the combustion products of which create, due to the resulting pressure, an axial force on the movable piston 17 of the landing chamber. At the moment of operation of the landing chamber, when the force reaches a predetermined value, the piston 17 begins an axial movement, which is transmitted to the moving parts of the packer until it lands in the cased well string. The design of the packer, due to jamming of the rams of the packer 27, ensures its landing in a given location of the well. In this case, the pressure in the chamber is affected by the constant burning of the charge 14 and the uneven movement of the piston 17, which is correlated with the forces required to operate the structural elements of the landing chamber and packer.

The setting of the packer is completed at the time of operation of the landing chamber, when the force on the movable piston 17 reaches a predetermined maximum value, which ensures that the packer is disconnected from the pin 24 and the landing chamber that has been used up in the well is removed to the “day” surface.

The combustion products of the charge exert pressure on the piston 17, causing the piston 17 to move relative to the body of the chamber 15 towards the packer with a given axial force, and due to the pressure in the chamber, the working movement of the piston 17 relative to the body of the chamber 15 occurs, which ensures the specified order of installation of the packer in the well, including the following packer activation sequence:

a) compression of the rubber cuff 29 of the packer, ensuring the formation of a sealed bridge in the casing;

b) jamming of the packer rams 27 in the string, ensuring reliable retention of the packer at the place of its installation;

c) cutting off the pins installed in the packer structure and disconnecting the landing chamber with the adapter from the packer;

d) movement of the piston 17 relative to the body of the chamber 15 (until the ledge of the piston 17 stops in the tip 2), ensuring depressurization of the upper cavity of the chamber and the release of combustion products of the charge into the well.

Thus, during the operation of the landing chamber, a pressure sensor built into the sealed upper cavity with a charge measures the change in pressure corresponding to the performance of kinetic work on compression of the rubber cuff (position 41 of Fig. 5), jamming of the packer rams in the column (position 42 of Fig. 5), cutting off the pins and disconnecting the landing chamber with the adapter from the packer (position 43 of Fig. 5), moving the piston all the way (position 44 of Fig. 5). If the landing chamber operates correctly, characteristic changes in pressure or its time derivative characteristic of the above stages of the landing chamber operation will be recorded on the pressure curve. Each stage of operation of the landing chamber is reflected in the pressure curve by certain changes. The presence of all characteristic changes in pressure or its time derivative indicates the correct operation of the landing chamber and the packer is seated. The absence of at least one of the characteristic changes in the pressure curve indicates incorrect operation of the landing chamber. In this case, based on the obtained pressure curve, the operation of the landing chamber is analyzed and further actions to carry out the PVR are determined. The “ideal” curve, necessary for further comparison with those obtained during PVR, is obtained by digital modeling or empirically. “Ideal” curves may differ depending on the design of the landing chamber and downhole tools, including different types of packers. The pressure curve obtained during PVR is recorded in the non-volatile memory of the monitoring device and at the same time the recorded information is transmitted and processed (interpreted) on the “day” surface.

If the landing chamber operates correctly, the likelihood of a sealed packer installation increases.

This control can be used in any dynamic systems that convert pressure in a sealed cavity into the translational movement of the piston necessary to perform any operations specified by the design.

For additional control of the functioning of the landing chamber, temperature, impact, speed, acceleration, displacement, weight, and tension sensors can be used as sensors.

The use of this technology for monitoring the functioning of the landing chamber increases the efficiency and reliability of the PVR. The resulting curve also provides information about the operation of the detonator or explosive cartridge (squib), about the operation and completeness of combustion of the charge, which increases the safety of working with explosives.

Claims (11)

1. A method for monitoring an installation using a landing chamber of an explosive-type downhole tool, characterized in that a device is placed inside the landing chamber, which includes at least one pressure sensor, so that it is structurally connected to the sealed upper cavity of the landing chamber , in which a detonator or squib with a charge is installed, during the operation of the landing chamber, the measurement data received from the pressure sensor is recorded and transmitted in real time to a ground-based computer device, and the presence of areas in which pressure changes occur is determined on the pressure versus time curve and the change in the derivative of pressure over time, check that the obtained data corresponds to the expected changes with the correct functioning of the landing chamber and the correct installation of the downhole tool. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the data is transferred to a computer device via one or more cores of the geophysical cable. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the data is transferred to the computer device via hydraulic communication. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that data is transferred to a computer device via acoustic communication. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that data is transferred to a computer device via electromagnetic communication. 6. The device for monitoring the installation using a landing chamber of an explosive type downhole tool contains at least one pressure sensor, a processor, an analog-to-digital converter, a transceiver, a device address decoder, non-volatile memory, an initiation unit, a power supply, and a pressure sensor through an analog-to-digital converter, a transceiver through a device address decoder, an initiation unit, non-volatile memory and a power supply are connected to the processor. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it additionally contains batteries. 8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it is made in the form of a built-in module in the landing chamber. 9. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it is made in the form of a separate replaceable module. 10. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that a pressure sensor with built-in temperature compensation is used. 11. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that it additionally contains a temperature sensor.