RU2255426C1 - Radio-signal dynamic memory device having series binary fiber- optic system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shaping and processing radio signals.

SUBSTANCE: in order to enhance identity of copy generation while retaining ability of controlling input radio signal replication process, proposed device is provided with newly introduced (N -1) fiber-optic four-terminal networks, each of them incorporating Y-type internal adding and separating fiber-optic directional couplers.

EFFECT: reduced consumption of optical fiber.

1 cl, 27 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to techniques for the formation and processing of radio signals.

A device for generating copies of a radio signal (US patent 4128759, MKI N 04 V 009/00) containing a transmitting optical module (POM), N fiber-optic delay lines (FOL) in the form of segments of a fiber waveguide (BC) of various lengths and a photodetector ( FD). The optical signal from the optical output of the POM, the electrical input of which is the input of the device, enters the bundle formed by the input ends of N FOL, from the output ends of which optical radiation is fed to the optical input of the photodetector, the electrical output of which is the output of the device. The formation of copies is carried out due to the delay of parts of the optical radiation at different times in different FOLs and their subsequent summation in the photodetector.

Signs of an analogue that coincide with the features of the proposed technical solution are POM, N VOLZ, photodetector.

The disadvantages of the device are the inability to control the sequence of the generated copies, as well as high losses due to the input of optical radiation from the POM into the input ends of the VOLZ optical fibers.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result are the lack of means for controlling the process of replicating the input signal, and also the fact that the formation of M copies of the input signal with a repetition period τ _back requires the use of M optical fibers with a total length of the order of 0.5 · M ² · L, which is M / 2 times the length of the aircraft used in the inventive facility (where L is the length of the aircraft providing a delay τ _ass ).

A number of VOLZ-based recirculation storage devices are known, in which copies of the signal are generated by branching part of the optical radiation into a recirculation loop, which is a segment of a fiber of a given length.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,473,270, MKI G 02 B 005/172 describes a device comprising a POM, an X-type directional fiber coupler (HBO), a fiber optic coupler in the form of a segment of an aircraft, and a photo detector. The optical POM output, the electrical input of which is the input of the device, is connected to the first input port of the HBO of the X-type, the third output port of which through the VOLZ with a delay time τ _{back is} connected to the second input port of the HBO of the X-type. The fourth HBO output port is connected to the optical input of the photodetector, the electrical output of which is the output of the device.

Signs of an analogue that coincide with the features of the proposed technical solution are POM, VOLZ, photodetector.

The disadvantages of this device are the inability to control the sequence of the generated copies, the high non-identity of the copies due to the attenuation of the signal in the aircraft from copy to copy and in connection with the serial output of part of the optical radiation from the recycling process, as well as the accumulation of noise during signal recycling.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result are the lack of means for controlling the process of replicating the input signal, as well as the attenuation of the signal from copy to copy in connection with the serial output of part of the optical radiation energy from the circulation process. As a result, at a constant noise level of the photodetector, the signal-to-noise ratio of the copies at the output of the device and their level quickly decrease, which ultimately leads to a short storage time and high non-identity of the copies.

Known dynamic memory devices based on multi-tap FOCLs, in which the formation of copies is carried out by branching part of the optical radiation at specific distances using special taps.

U.S. Patent 4,558,920, MKI G 02 B 005/172, describes a device comprising a POM, a multi-tap fiber optic cable in the form of a sun-wound drum, an optical rod, and a photo detector. The input of the device is the POM electrical input, the optical output of which is connected to the VOLZ input, and the radiation from the branches of the aircraft, wound on the drum, is projected into the optical rod spliced from the main fiber by removing the sheath on its part, from the output of which are fed to the optical input of the photodetector, electric the output of which is the output of the device.

Signs of analogues that match the features of the proposed technical solution are POM, VOLZ, photodetector.

The disadvantages of the known device are the inability to control the sequence of the generated copies, the short storage time of the information, as well as the complexity of manufacturing, the high consumption of the fiber and the uneven level of copies of the output signal.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result are the lack of means for controlling the process of replicating the input signal, and also, because of technological considerations, the coefficients of the branch of the optical radiation from the taps of the fiber are the same. In this case, due to the sequential branching of a part of the optical signal, the amplitude of the output signals of the device decreases with an increase in the number of copies, and the more noticeable, the larger the branch coefficient.

The device described in US Pat. No. 4,557,552, MKI G 02 B 005/172, employs POM, a multi-branch FOCL in the form of a sun-wound aircraft, two lenses and a photo detector. The input of the device is the POM electrical input, the optical output of which is connected to the VOLZ input, and the optical radiation can partially exit the aircraft on specially made bends, which is then focused using the first and second lenses and fed to the optical input of the photodetector, the electrical output of which is the output of the device .

Signs of analogues that match the features of the proposed technical solution are POM, VOLZ, photodetector.

The disadvantages of this device are the inability to control the sequence of the generated copies, the high non-identity of the copies due to the attenuation of the signal in the aircraft from copy to copy and in connection with the output of optical radiation from the aircraft, as well as the complexity of manufacturing.

The reasons that impede the achievement of the required technical result are the lack of means for controlling the process of replicating the input signal, and also, because of technological considerations, the coefficients of the branch of the optical radiation from the taps of the fiber are the same. In this case, due to the sequential branching of a part of the optical signal, the amplitude of the output signals of the device decreases with an increase in the number of copies, and the more noticeable, the larger the branch coefficient. The desire to ensure uniformity of the level of copies of the signal at the output of the device due to the sequential increase in the branch coefficients involves the use of unique technological equipment and control and measuring equipment, as well as the complexity of the design and dimensions of the device.

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in technical essence is a dynamic memory of radio signals with a controlled binary optical fiber structure (patent 2213421 RU, IPC ⁷ H 04 V 10/00, G 02 V 6/00, G 01 S 7/40).

A dynamic storage device with a controlled binary optical fiber structure contains a broadband amplifier SHU, a power divider DM, a transmitting optical POM module, fiber-optic amplifier HEU, a photodetector PD, a control unit BU, as well as a separation NVO Y-type, 2N fiber optic keys BOK ₁ ... BOK _2N , N fiber optic delay lines VOLZ ₁ ... VOLZ _N , (N-1) HBO X-type HBO ₁ ... HBO _N-1 and summing Y-type HBO.

The input of the device is the input of the broadband amplifier SHU, the output of which is connected to the input of the power divider DM, the first output of which is connected to the electrical input of the POM, the optical output of which is connected to the optical input of the fiber-optic amplifier HEU, the optical output of which is connected to the input port of the separation NVO Y- type, the first output port of which is connected to the optical input BOK ₁ , the optical output of which is connected to the first input port of the first HBO X-type HBO ₁ , the third output port of which is connected to optical input VOK ₂ , the optical output of which is connected to the first input port of the second HBO X-type HBO ₂ , etc. The third output port of the last (N-1) X-type HBO HBO _{N-1 is} connected to the optical input of the wok _N , the optical output of which is connected to the first input port of the summing HBO of the Y-type, the output port of which is connected to the optical input of the PD photodetector, the output of which is the output of the device. The second output port of the Y-type dividing HBO is connected to the optical input BOK _{n + 1} , the optical output of which through BOLZ _{1 is} connected to the second input port of the first X-type HBO hbo ₁ , the fourth output port of which is connected to the optical input BOK _{N + 2} , optical whose output through VOLZ _{2 is} connected to the second input port of the second HBO X-type HBO ₂ , etc. The fourth output port of the last (N-1) HBO X-type HBO _{n-1 is} connected to the optical input BOK _2N , the optical output of which via VOLZ _{N is} connected to the second input port of the summing HBO of the Y-type. The second output of the DM power divider is connected to the input of the control unit BU, the outputs 1, 2, ..., 2N of which are respectively connected to the control inputs of the fiber optic switches BOK ₁ ... BOK _2N .

The principle of operation of the device is as follows. The input radio signal is amplified in the broadband amplifier SHU to the required level and through the power divider DM is fed to the transmitting optical module NOM, which converts the radio signal into modulated radiation in the optical range. Next, the optical signal through the fiber-optic amplifier of the HEU is fed to the input port of the Y-type separation HBO. The further path of propagation of optical radiation and, accordingly, its delay time depends on the state of all fiber optic switches BOK ₁ ... BOK _2N . The principle of creating copies in the case when there is no copy management (all FOCs are closed) is as follows. A zero copy of the input radio signal corresponds to the direct transmission of optical radiation from the input port of the separation Y-type IEE to the output port of the summing Y-type IEE, bypassing all FOL. The first copy of the radio signal is formed due to a branch in the Y-type separation IEE of a part of the optical signal in the BOLZ ₁ (through the closed FOC _{N + 1} ) with a delay time τ _ass . From the output of BOLZ _{1, the} radiation enters the second input port of the first HBO X-type HBO ₁ and then without delay to the output port of the summing Y-type HBO. When forming the second copy, the optical signal is delayed only in VOLZ ₂ . A third copy of the signal is generated due to the delay of the modulated optical radiation in both VOLZ ₁ and VOLZ ₂ . Finally, the last, Mth copy of the input radio signal passes through all of the fiber optic transmission lines with a total delay time Mτ _ass = (2 ^N -1) τ _ass . State control BOK ₁ ... BOK _2N using the control unit BU allows you to include in the common path of optical radiation of certain FOLs and thereby generate copies of the input signal with different delay times. The minimum delay time is obtained when the fiber-optic switches are in such a state that the optical signal does not pass through any FOL, and the maximum delay time is when the optical radiation is delayed in all FOL. From the output of the summing HBO of the Y-type, the optical signal is fed to the input of the photodetector, which performs the inverse conversion of the modulated radiation of the optical range into a radio signal that is fed to the output of the device.

The signs of the prototype, which coincides with the features of the proposed technical solution, are a broadband amplifier, power divider, POM, HEU, Y-type NVO isolator, 2N VOK, N VOLZ, summing Y-type NVO, photodetector and control unit, and the input of the device is the input of the broadband an amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of the power divider, the first output of which is connected to the POM electrical input, whose optical output is connected through the HEU to the input port of the Y-type separation HBO, the first output port of which The key to the optical input of the first BOK _1, and a second output port connected to the optical input (N + 1) -th BOK _{n + 1,} the output port of which is connected to the input port of the first Volz _j, and an output port (N + 1) -th FOC _{N + 1 is} connected to the input port of the j-th VOLZ ₁ , and the output port of the last 2N FOCA _{2N is} connected to the input port of the last N-th VOLZ _N , the output port of which is connected to the second input port of the summing HBO of the Y-type, the first input port which is connected to the output port of the Nth wok _N , and the output port is connected to the optical input of the photodetector, whose output is the output of the device, the second output of the power divider connected to the input of the control unit, the first, second, ..., 2N-th outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of the first, second, ..., 2N-th fiber keys WOK ₁ , BOK ₂ , ..., WOK _2N .

The disadvantage of this device is the low identity of the generated copies with long delay times.

The reason that impedes the achievement of the required technical result is the use of directional X-type fiber couplers, with which it is impossible to compensate for the loss of optical radiation in fiber-optic delay lines.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the identity of the formation of copies in a dynamic storage device with a sequential binary optical fiber structure.

The technical result consists in increasing the identity of the formation of copies while maintaining the ability to control the process of replication of the input radio signal and low consumption of the fiber.

In the present invention, instead of each directional X-type fiber coupler, fiber optic quadripoles (VOCH) are used, each of which is a series-connected internal Y-type accumulating IEE and Y-type separation IEE, due to which it becomes possible to compensate for optical radiation losses in fiber-optic delay lines by changing the branching coefficient of the internal separation YB type IEEs included in the VOCP, while maintaining the ability to control the process ssom copying and low consumption of fiber.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in a dynamic storage device for radio signals with a serial binary optical fiber structure, containing a broadband amplifier, a power divider, a transmitting optical module, a fiber optic amplifier, a directional directional fiber optic coupler Y-type, 2N fiber optic keys , N fiber optic delay lines, a summing directional Y-type fiber optic coupler, a photodetector and a control unit, with the input of the devices a is the input of a broadband amplifier, the output of which is connected to the input of the power divider, the first output of which is connected to the electrical input of the transmitting optical module, the optical output of which is connected through the fiber-optic amplifier to the input port of the Y-type directional fiber coupler, the first output port of which is connected to the optical input of the first fiber-optic key, and the second output port is connected to the optical input of the (N + 1) -th fiber-optic key, the output port of which the second is connected to the input port of the first fiber-optic delay line, and the output port of the (N + 2) -th fiber optic key is connected to the input port of the second fiber-optic delay line, and the output port of the (N + j) -th fiber key is connected to the input port of the j-th fiber delay line, the output port of the last 2N fiber optic key is connected to the input port of the last N-fiber delay line, the output port of which is connected to the second input port of the summing direction y-type fiber coupler, the first input port of which is connected to the output port of the N-th fiber optic key, and the output port is connected to the optical input of the photodetector, the electrical output of which is the output of the device, the second output of the power divider connected to the input of the control unit, the outputs 1, 2, ..., 2N of which are connected to the control inputs of the first, second, ..., 2N-th fiber optic keys, respectively, characterized in that (N-1) fiber-optic four-terminal circuits are additionally inserted into it, P why the first input port of the j-th fiber optic four-terminal is connected to the output port of the j-th fiber-optic key, the second input port of the j-th fiber optic four-terminal is connected to the output port of the j-th optical fiber delay line, the first output port j -th fiber optic four-terminal is connected to the optical input of the (j + 1) -th fiber-optic key, the second output port of the j-th fiber-optic four-terminal is connected to the optical input of the (N + j + 1) -th fiber optic key, each the fiber-optic four-port network contains internal Y-type totalizing and dividing directional fiber optic couplers, the first input port of the Y-type internal totalizing directional fiber optic coupler and the first input port of the four-way fiber optic coupler, the second input port of the internal summing directional fiber optic coupler Y-type coupler is the second input port of the optical fiber four-port, the first output port of the internal split the Y-type directional fiber optic coupler is the first output port of the Y-type fiber optic coupler, the second Y-type internal separation directional fiber optic coupler output port is the second output of the Y-type optical fiber coupler, the output port of the Y-type internal summing directional Y-fiber coupler type is connected to the input port of the internal separation directional fiber optic coupler Y-type.

The analysis of the essential features of analogues, prototype and the claimed object revealed the following essential features for the claimed object:

- Introduced (N-1) fiber optic quadripoles, thanks to which it becomes possible to compensate for the loss of optical radiation in fiber optic delay lines by applying the corresponding intensity coefficients of the optical signal of the internal separation directional fiber couplers of Y-type, which are part of the fiber optic quadripoles .

Thus, due to the introduction of fiber-optic quadripoles into the dynamic storage device, each of which is a series-connected internal summing and separating HBO of the Y-type, it is possible to increase the identity of the generated copies of the radio signal by compensating for the loss of optical radiation in the fiber-optic delay lines by changing the coefficient of branching of internal separation YB type IEEs that are part of the GPP while maintaining process control capabilities the formation of copies and low consumption of the fiber.

Evidence of a causal relationship between the claimed combination of features and the achieved technical result is given below.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents the structural diagram of a dynamic storage device with a sequential binary fiber optic structure, and figure 2 - diagrams explaining the principle of operation of the device.

Figure 3 shows the structural diagram of the control unit, and figure 4 - diagrams explaining the principle of its operation.

Figure 5 shows the structural diagram of a dynamic storage device with a serial binary fiber-optic structure in case it is not possible to determine in the control unit information about the time of arrival and duration of the input radio signal.

Figure 6 shows the structural diagram of a dynamic storage device with a serial binary fiber-optic structure in case it is not possible to determine in the control unit information about the time of arrival and duration of the input radio signal and in the absence of the need to control the process of generating signal copies.

Figure 7 presents the results of calculating the non-identity of the generated copies when using 3 decibel HBO in a serial binary BOS.

On Fig shows the structure of the directional fiber coupler X-type (figa) and the structure of the fiber optic quadripole (Fig.8b), as well as expressions explaining the features of their functioning.

Figure 9 presents the results of the calculations of the required branching coefficients of the separation YBO type YBEs, which are part of the VOCP, necessary for absolutely accurate compensation of optical radiation losses in the fiber optic cable.

Figure 10 shows an enlarged view of the generated sequence of copies of the input signal in the case of using 5 fiber optic converters when performing all the Y-type dividing IEEs that are part of the GPOS with branch coefficients of 0.5 (signal copies are conventionally shown by shaded rectangles).

Figure 11 shows the sequence of copies at the output of a serial binary VOS with 5 FOCLs for compensating optical radiation losses in the FOCLs of the corresponding stages: when compensating for losses in the 5th cascade (Fig. 11a), when compensating for losses in the 4th and 5th -th cascades (Fig.11b), in the 3rd, 4th and 5th cascades (Fig.11c) and the type of sequence of copies at the output of the binary BOC with the 5th fiber optic link with loss compensation in all cascades (Fig.11g) )

On Fig presents the results of calculations of the non-identity of the generated copies in the manufacture of separation NVO Y-type, which are part of the GPP, with branch coefficients made with an accuracy of 0.1; 0.01 and 0.001.

On Fig shows the dependence of the non-identity of the generated copies with different accuracy of the execution of the branching coefficients of the separation YBO U-type, which are part of the GPP, on the number of FOLs N used.

On Fig shows the results of calculations of the number of variants of the obtained copies when controlling the process of replication of the signal for a different number of used fiber optic link.

Fig. 15 shows all possible variants of the generated copies for a DZU with a serial binary VOS and control of the replication process using three FOLs (to the right of each sequence are the numbers of open FOCs, and the number j ’corresponds to the (N + j) th FOCA).

On Fig shows a structural diagram of a device for generating copies of a radio signal (US patent 4128759, MKI N 04 V 009/00), where the following notation: POM - transmitting optical module, BC - fiber optic fiber, PD - photodetector.

On Fig shows a structural diagram of a recirculation memory device (US patent 4473270, MKI G 02 B 005/172), where the following notation: NOM - transmitting optical module, HBO - directional X-type fiber coupler, VOLZ - fiber optic line delays with delay time τ _ass , PD - photodetector.

On Fig shows a structural diagram of a dynamic memory device based on multi-tap fiber optic link (US patent 4558920, MKI G 02 B 005/172), where the following notation: POM - transmitting optical module, BC - fiber optic fiber, OS - optical rod, PD - photo detector.

Fig. 19 shows a structural diagram of a memory device based on multi-tap VOLZ (US patent 4557552, MKI G 02 B 005/172), where the following notation is accepted: POM - transmitting optical module, BC - fiber optic fiber, L1 and L2 - lenses, PD - photo detector.

In Fig.20 shows a structural diagram of a dynamic storage device (patent 2213421 RU, IPC ⁷ H 04 10/00, G 02 6/00, G 01 S 7/40), where the following notation: SHU - broadband amplifier, DM - power divider, POM - transmitting optical module, HEU - fiber-optic amplifier, HBO - directional fiber coupler, FOC - fiber-optic key, FOCL - fiber-optic delay line, PD - photodetector, BU - control unit.

A dynamic storage device with a serial binary fiber optic structure contains (see Fig. 1) a broadband amplifier SHU 1, a power divider DM 2, a transmitting optical module POM 3, a fiber optic amplifier HEU 4, a photodetector PD 5, a control unit BU 6, dividing HBO of Y-type 7, 2N fiber optic keys VOK 8-1, ..., 8-2N, N FOL 9-1, ..., 9-N, (N-1) fiber optic four-pole VOCHP 10 -1, ..., 10- (N-1) and the summing HBO of the Y-type 11.

The input of the device is the input of the broadband amplifier ШУ 1, the output of which is connected to the input of the power divider DM 2, the first output of which is connected to the electrical input of POM 3, the optical output of which is connected to the optical input of the fiber-optic amplifier HEU 4, the optical output of which is connected to the input port Y-type separation HBO 7, the first output port of which through the first FOC 8-1 is connected to the first input port of the first VOCP 10-1, the first output port of which through the second FOC 8-2 is connected to the first input port torogo VOCHP 10-2. The first input port of the j-th VOCP 10-j is connected to the output port of the j-th wok 8-j, and the first output port is connected through the (1 + 1) -th wok 8- (j + 1) to the first input port (j + 1) th VOCP 10- (j + 1). The first output port of the last VOCP 10- (N-1) through the N-th FOC 8-N is connected to the first input port of the summing HBO Y-type 11, the output port of which is connected to the optical input of the photodetector PD 5, the output of which is the output of the device.

The second output port of the Y-type separation NVO is connected to the optical input of the (N + 1) -th FOC 8- (N + 1), the output port of which through the first FOCL 9-1 is connected to the second input port of the first VOCP 10-1, the second the output port of which is connected to the optical input of the (N + 2) -th FOC 8- (N + 2), the output port of which through the second FOCL 9-2 is connected to the second input port of the second VOCP 10-2. The second input port of the j-th VOCP 10-j is connected to the output port of the j-th FOCL 9-j, and the second output port is connected to the optical input of the (N + j + 1) -th FOC 8- (N + j + 1), the output port of which through the (j + 1) th FOCL 9- (j + 1) is connected to the second input port of the (j + 1) th VOCP 10- (j + 1). The output port of the last (N-1) VOCP 10- (N-1) is connected to the optical input of the last 2Nth FOC 8-2N, the output port of which through the last Nth FOCL 9-N is connected to the second input port of the summing HBO Y-type 11.

The second output of the power divider DM 2 is connected to the input of the control unit BU 7, the outputs 1, 2 ..., 2N of which are connected to the control inputs of the first, second, ..., 2N-th fiber optic keys VOK 8-1, 8- 2, ..., 8-2N.

The control unit BU 6 (see Fig. 3) contains a serially connected broadband amplifier ШУ 12, the input of which is the input of the control unit, and a pulse shaper FI 13, the output of which is connected to the synchronizing input of the key management device УУК 14, to the parallel information input of which digital information for controlling the sequence of generated copies. The first output of the key management device UUK 14 is connected to the second input of the first logical element "AND" LI1 15, the first input of which is connected to the output of the pulse shaper FI 13, and the (N + 1) -th output of the key management device UUK 14 is connected to the second input of the second the logical element "AND" LI2 16, to the first input of which the output of the pulse shaper FI 13 is connected. The output of the first logical element "AND" LI1 15 is the first output of the control unit BU 6, and the output of the second logical element "AND" LI2 16 is (N + 1) the block output is controlled I BU 6. The second, third, ..., Nth, (N + 2) -th, (N + 3) -th, ..., 2N-th outputs of the key management device UUK 14 are the second, third, ..., Nth, (N + 2) th, (N + 3) th, ..., 2Nth output of the control unit BU 6.

If in the control unit BU 6 it is impossible to determine information about the moment of arrival of the radio signal and its duration, then the need for a power divider DM 2 and some elements of the control unit BU 6 (broadband amplifier ШУ 12, pulse shaper FI 13, logical elements "AND" LI1 15 and LI2 16) disappears, and the block diagram of a dynamic storage device with a sequential binary optical fiber structure takes on the form shown in FIG.

If in the control unit BU 6 it is impossible to determine information about the moment of arrival of the radio signal and its duration and there is no need to control the process of generating copies of the signal, then there is also no need for FOC 8-1, ..., 8-2N, and the structural diagram dynamic storage device with a serial binary optical fiber structure will take the form shown in Fig.6.

A dynamic storage device (DZU) with a sequential binary optical fiber structure (BOC) operates as follows (see figures 1 and 2).

Dynamic storage devices are designed to form a time sequence of M + 1 copies

complex radio signal of duration τ _and

The parameter K _i U _c determines the amplitude of the i-th copy of a broadband microwave radio signal with amplitude m _c (t) and / or angular Ф _c (t) modulation. The choice of the repetition period (delay time) of copies τ _back > τ _and excludes the possibility of temporary overlap of individual copies.

Option i = 0 in formula (1) corresponds to the direct transmission of the input radio signal (2) to the output of the DZU without a time delay. In this case, they talk about the formation in the DZU of a zero copy of the input radio signal.

The principle of generating copies of the input radio signal in a DZU with binary VOS in the case when there is no copy control (all FOCs are closed) is as follows (see figure 1). A zero copy of the input radio signal corresponds to the direct transmission of optical radiation from the input port of the Y-type separation HBO 7 to the output port of the summing Y-type HBO 11, bypassing all the fiber optic transmission lines. The first copy of the radio signal is formed due to the branching of the Y-type 7 separation part of the optical signal into the first FOCL 9-1 (through the closed (N + 1) -th FOC 8- (N + 1)) with a delay time τ _ass . From the output of the first FOCL 9-1, the radiation enters the second input port of the first VOCP 10-1, the first output port of the first VOCP 10-1, and then without delay to the output port of the summing HBO of Y-type 11.

When forming the second copy, the emitted POM 3 signal is transmitted through the circuit, the input port of the separation NVO of the Y-type 7 - the first output port of the separation NVO of the Y-type 7 - the closed first FOC 8-1 - the first input port of the first VOCP 10-1 - the second output port of the first VOCP 10-1 - closed (N + 2) -th FOC 8- (N + 2) - second VOLZ 9-2 - second input port of the second VOCP 10-2 - first output port of the second VOCP 10-2 and then without delay the output port of summing HBO of Y-type 11. A third copy of the signal is generated due to the delay of the modulated optical radiation as in howling Volz 9-1 and the second 9-2 Volz. Finally, the last, Mth copy of the input radio signal passes through all of the fiber optic transmission lines with a total delay time Mτ _ass = (2 ^N -1) τ _ass .

Thus, if all FOCs are closed, then a sequence of 2 ^N copies (taking into account zero) of the input radio signal (general sequence) is formed at the output of the ROM with N FOL.

The HEU 4 fiber-optic amplifier installed at the output of the POM 3 transmitting optical module is necessary to compensate for the loss of optical radiation in a serial binary BOC and to obtain a given device transmission coefficient.

The control unit BU 6 operates as follows (see figure 3 and 4). The input of the control unit from the second output of the power divider DM 2 receives an input signal u _in.bu (t) of duration τ _and which is amplified in the broadband amplifier ШУ 12. From the output of the amplifier, the amplified radio signal u _in.FI (t) is fed to the input of a pulse shaper FI 13, at the output of which, at the time of the arrival of the radio signal, a video pulse is formed u _{output. FI} (t) of duration τ _and . As a pulse shaper FI 13, a threshold device can be triggered when the input signal exceeds a certain level. Formed in the pulse shaper FI 13, the video pulse arrives at the first inputs of the logical elements "AND" LI1 15 and LI2 16.

The signal from the output of the pulse shaper FI 13 also goes to the synchronizing input of the key management device UUK 14, to the information input of which a digital code for controlling the sequence of generated copies is received. The digital control code can be set using 2N electric keys, each of which will control the corresponding wok, and using more complex means, such as a computer. In this case, information about the time of arrival and the duration of the input signal is transmitted to the key management device CC 14 using the signal from the output of the pulse shaper FI 13.

The digital control code is converted in the key management device UUK 14 into control signals for each wok separately and is supplied as control signals for the wok to the second, third, ..., Nth, (N + 2) -th, (N + 3 ), ..., 2N-th outputs of the control unit BU 6 directly, and to the first and (N + 1)-th outputs of the control unit BU 6 through the logic elements "AND" LI1 15 and LI2 16. In the logical elements " And "LI1 15 and LI2 16 there is a combination of signals from the output of the pulse shaper FI 13 and the first and (N + 1) -th output of the key management device UUK 14, and the corresponding wok b Udet is open only if at both inputs of the corresponding logical element "AND" there will be signals to open the wok.

The use of “AND” logical elements LI1 15 and LI2 16 is necessary for the first wok 8-1 and the (N + 1) th wok 8- (N + 1) to open, even in the absence of copy control, only at the moment of signal arrival and only for the duration of its duration (under the influence of the control signals u ₁ (t) and u _{N + 1} (t) in figure 2), so that no noise will pass through the input stages of the device to its output and the accumulation of noise in the binary BOC during formation copies of the input radio signal.

The advantage of a binary VOS DZU over other types of DZU is that all copies of the signal pass through the same number of HBO ports and fiber optic connections, thereby ensuring equal optical radiation loss for all copies. The identity of the generated copies is determined only by losses due to the different lengths of the optical fibers used in the fiber optic cable.

The intrinsic losses of optical radiation in the optical fibers are determined by the production technology and are indicated in the technical specifications. Single-mode quartz-quartz type optical fibers with a working wavelength of λ = 1.55 μm possess the minimum intrinsic loss in optical radiation intensity. The typical value of the specific attenuation (loss) of optical radiation for this type of domestic fiber optic fibers is G _sun = 0.2 dB / km.

The segment of the aircraft for the j-th fiber optic link will have losses

α _vc.j [dB] = L _j [km] · G _sun [dB / km] = 2 ^j-1 · L ₁ [km] · G _sun [dB / km],

where L _j = 2 ^j-1 · l ₁ - the length of the aircraft for the j-th FOL;

- длина волоконного световода, обеспечивающего задержку оптического излучения на требуемое время задержки τ _зад (отрезок волоконного световода для первой ВОЛЗ);

- the length of the fiber, providing a delay of the optical radiation for the required delay time τ _back (the length of the fiber for the first fiber optic link);

c = 3 × 10 ⁸ m / s is the speed of light in vacuum;

n _c = 1,465 is the refractive index of the core of the fiber.

The design requirements for the fiber optic cable provide for winding the fiber onto a coil with a diameter of D _cat . In this case, the annular bending of the fiber causes additional losses in the intensity of optical radiation.

If the loss per turn is α _turn , then the loss in the intensity of optical radiation in the coil of the jth FOCL will be

- количество витков волоконного световода длиной L₁ (первая ВОЛЗ), намотанного на катушку диаметром D_кат.Where

- the number of turns of a fiber waveguide of length L ₁ (first FOCL), wound on a coil of diameter D _cat .

Thus, the total losses in the j-th FOCL will be:

α _vol.j [db] = α _sun.j [dB] + α _cat.j [dB] ≈ 2 ^j-1 · (L ₁ [km] · G _sun [dB / km] + V _{1α turn} [dB] )

The maximum non-identity of the generated copies Δ P, which characterizes the power difference between the copy with the maximum amplitude P _max and the copy with the minimum amplitude P _min is determined by the sum of the optical radiation losses in all N FOL:

The factor 2 in front of the sum sign in this expression shows that the electric power of the radio signal is proportional to the square of the intensity of the optical radiation.

The results of calculating the non-identity of the generated copies in the DZU with binary VOS for a different number of fiber optic link N are presented in Fig.7. The calculations were carried out for the case when τ _ass = 0.1 μs (L ₁ ≈ 0.02 km), G _sun = 0.2 dB / km, α _turn = 0.0001 dB, D _cat = 250 mm (B ₁ ≈ 25). In the calculations, it was also assumed that the so-called 3-decibel HBO, the transmission coefficients of which are equal to each other and equal to 0.5 (≈ -3 dB), were used in the device under consideration.

In the case of the formation of a sequence of 16 copies with a delay period of τ _ass = 100 ns, the difference in the powers of the first and last copies is only 0.201 dB. But it should be noted that with an increase in the number of generated copies, this difference increases sharply. So, with 128 copies at the same delay time τ _ass = 100 ns, the non-identity of the generated copies will be 1.703 dB, and at 1024 x - 13.71 dB.

часть оптических излучений, поступающих на входные порты ВОЧП.In the claimed technical solution, it is possible to achieve a much higher identity of the generated copies of the radio signal if the losses in the j-th fiber optic link connected via the (N + j) -th FOC to the 2nd output port of the (j-1) -th VOCP are compensated by that in the fiber optic fiber of this FOCL

part of the optical radiation arriving at the input ports of the VChP.

To ensure compliance with this requirement, the structure of the binary VOS was changed in the claimed technical solution: each X-type IEE used in the prototype (see Fig. 20) was replaced in the claimed technical solution with a fiber optic four-terminal network, each of which is a series-connected internal summing and Y-type separation HBO (see Fig. 1).

X directional fiber coupler-type (8a) characterized branching factor k <1, which is defined optical radiation transmission coefficient from the 1st input port to the 2nd output port ₂₁ K or equal to it an optical radiation transmission coefficient 2nd input port to 1st output port K ₁₂

K ₂₁ = K ₁₂ = k.

The transmission coefficient of optical radiation from the 1st input port to the 1st output port or the transmission coefficient of optical radiation from the 2nd input port to the 2nd output port for X-type HBO will be equal

K ₁₁ = K ₂₂ - (1-k).

Thus, in an X-type IEE, in order to increase the proportion of optical radiation branched from the 1st input port to the 2nd output port to which the fiber optic cable is connected, it would be necessary to increase the coefficient k. However, this would lead to a corresponding decrease in the transmission coefficient of optical radiation from the 2nd input port to the same 2nd output port (1-k), which contradicts the previously put forward requirement for compensation of losses in the fiber optic cable.

The fulfillment of this requirement can be achieved if each X-type coupler is replaced with a fiber optic four-terminal network, which is a series connection of the summing and dividing Y-type couplers (Fig. 8b).

In this case, in the summarizing Y-type NVO, which is part of the GPU, the optical emissions from the 1st and 2nd input ports of the summing Y-type NVO (the 1st and 2nd input ports of the GPU) are combined, and then the resulting amount is divided between the 1st 2 output ports of the Y-type separation HBO part of the VOCP (the 1st 2 VOCP output ports) with a given ratio. An increase in the branch coefficient k (see Fig. 8b) will lead to an increase in the fraction of optical radiation entering the 2nd output port of the VOCP from both the 1st and 2nd input ports of the VOCP and a corresponding decrease in the fraction of the optical radiation coming from the input VOCP ports to the 1st VOCP output port.

It should be noted that in real couplers there are always losses of light energy, which are expressed in the fact that the total radiation intensity at the output ports of the HBO does not coincide with the intensity of the input radiation. The indicated losses are usually taken into account by the parameter _{н во} and amount to about 0.1 dB.

To fully compensate for the losses in the jth FOCL, it is necessary that the intensity of the optical radiation J _{(j-1) .out.2} at the 2nd output port of the (j-1) th VOCP exceeds the intensity of the optical radiation j _{(j-1). output} 1 at the 1st output port of the same VOCP by the value of losses in the j-th fiber optic link α _vol.j

At the same time, the branch coefficient k _{(j-1) of the} internal dividing HBO of the Y-type that is part of the (j-1) th WOCP must satisfy the condition

In this case, the complete identity of the generated copies will be ensured.

It should be noted that expressions (4), (5) are valid for the case j> 1. To compensate for losses in the first fiber optic link (the case j = 1 corresponds to this), it is necessary to change the branch coefficient of the Y-type dividing HBO installed at the input of the serial binary BOC (see Fig. 1).

The branch coefficient of the Y-type dividing HBO installed at the input of the serial binary BOC, at which the optical radiation loss compensation in the first FOCL will occur, must satisfy the following condition:

In this expression, to simplify writing, the branch coefficient of the Y-type dividing HBO is designated as k ₀ .

Currently, several types of HBO and methods for their manufacture based on fiber, microplanar and planar technologies have been developed.

Fusion, precision machining and chemical etching with subsequent restoration of the cladding are widely used for the manufacture of HBO based on fiber optical fibers. For example, in the chemical method of manufacturing couplers, fiber optic fibers are cleaned of protective sheaths, the cleaned areas are interlaced, and reflective sheaths are etched. After reaching the specified transmission coefficients, controlled by the output signal directly during the etching process, the fibers are washed and the shells are restored.

All manufacturing methods of HBO based on fiber optic fibers provide small optical losses of the order of 0.1 dB and specified transmission coefficients.

It should be noted that the replacement of each X-type IEE with a fiber-optic four-terminal network consisting of two Y-type IEEs will lead to some increase in losses in the binary BOC due to the additional connection of the output port of the summing IEE and the input port of the separation IEE that are part of each VOC , as well as additional losses due to the passage of two Y-type IEEs instead of one X-type IEE. This increase in losses is insignificant and will be about 0.2 ... 0.4 dB per cascade.

For absolutely accurate fulfillment of conditions (4) and (5), it is necessary to produce an IEE with a very high degree of accuracy (Fig. 9), which may be unattainable in practice (case j = 1 corresponds to the calculation of the required branch coefficient k _{0 of a} separation IEE of Y-type 7 installed at the input of a serial binary VOS).

However, a significant increase in the identity of the generated copies can be achieved with not so severe restrictions. According to calculations, when performing the IEE rejection coefficients with an accuracy of 0.001 for a binary BOC with 5 FOCLs, the identities of the generated copies will be only 0.0462 dB (when the rejection coefficients of all IEEs are equal to 0.5, the non-identity of the copies will be 0.416 dB).

It should be borne in mind that when changing the coefficients of the IEE branch, determining the non-identity of the generated sequence of copies using formula (3) is impossible. To find non-identity in this case, it is necessary to select copies with maximum and minimum amplitudes in the signal at the output of the binary VOS (this will not necessarily be the zero and last copies, respectively) and find their ratio

For a DZU with an N-cascaded binary VOS, the amplitude of the optical radiation intensity of the mth copy at the VOS output can be found by the formula

where J _c is the intensity of the optical radiation at the input of the binary VOS;

- коэффициент, характеризующий потери оптического излучения в каждом из используемых НВО (потери на рассеивание излучения в окружающее пространство γ _нво и потери на соединениях волоконного световода с портами НВО ξ _нво).

- a coefficient characterizing the loss of optical radiation in each of the used IEE (loss on the scattering of radiation into the surrounding space γ _IEE and losses at the connections of the fiber optic fiber with the ports of the IEE ξ _IEE ).

Gain of the jth cascade of sequential binary VOS

- коэффициент передачи j-й ВОЛЗ, а k_(j-1) -коэффициент ответвления разделительного ПВО Y-типа, входящего в (j-1)-й ВОЧП для j>1 или коэффициент ответвления k₀ разделительного НВО Y-типа 7, установленного на входе последовательной бинарной ВОС, для j=1.depends on the path of the optical signal through the binary VOS (from the number of the generated copy m). Here

is the transmission coefficient of the j-th fiber optic link, and k _{(j-1) is the} branch coefficient of the Y-type separation air defense component included in the (j-1) th WOCP for j> 1 or the branch coefficient k _{0 of the} Y-type separation HBO 7, installed at the input of a serial binary VOS, for j = 1.

Parameter

determines if the optical signal passes through the jth fiber optic link during the formation of the mth copy of the signal (if a _{m, j} = 0, then the optical signal does not pass through the jth fiber optic link; if a _{m, j} = 1, then, on the contrary, during the formation of the mth copy, the optical signal should be delayed in the fiber optic link of the jth cascade). The trunc (x) function denotes the nearest integer not exceeding x.

Figure 10 shows an enlarged view of the sequence of copies of the input signal generated at the output of the serial binary BOC in the case of using 5 VOLZs when performing all the IEE with a deviation coefficient of 0.5 (copies of the signal are conventionally shown by shaded rectangles). To increase the clarity, the lines of the maximum and minimum amplitudes of copies are drawn in the figure. The figure along the ordinate shows the amplitude of the intensity of the optical radiation of the copies, normalized relative to the intensity of the optical radiation at the input of the binary BOC (J _m / J _c ).

As can be seen from the figure, the zero copy has the maximum amplitude (J ₀ = 0.011354J _c ), the last copy has the minimum amplitude (J ₃₁ = 0.010823J _c ). The identity of the copies Δ P in this case is 0.416 dB.

The greatest influence on the identity of the copies is exerted by losses in the last, 5th, FOCL (0.1072 dB), since it has the longest fiber length. To compensate for these losses, it is necessary that the branch coefficient of the Y-type dividing IEE included in the fourth GPOI be equal to k ₄ = 0.5061739 (or when performing IEE with an accuracy of 0.001 - k ₄ ≈ 0.506). In this case, a larger part of the optical radiation will branch into the 5th FOCL, which will lead to a slight increase in the amplitudes of the copies, during the formation of which they are delayed in the 5th FOCL, that is, copies with numbers 16 ... 31 (Fig. 11a).

In this case, the maximum amplitude of the copies decreases (J _max = J ₀ = 0.011210 J _c ) and the minimum amplitude of the copies increases (J _min = J ₃₁ = 0.010946J _c ), which leads to a decrease in non-identity to Δ P = 0.2071 db

To compensate for losses in the 4th FOCL, the branch coefficient of the Y-type dividing IEE, which is part of the 3rd VOCP, must be equal to k ₃ ≈ 0.503. This will cause an increase in the amplitudes of copies with numbers 8 ... 15, 24 ... 31 and a decrease in the amplitudes of the remaining copies, which will also lead to some increase in the identity of the generated copies (Fig.11b).

In this case, there is a further decrease in the maximum amplitude of the copies (J _max J ₀ = 0.011143J _c ) and an increase in the minimum amplitude of the copies (J _min = J ₃₁ = 0.011016J _c ). The non-identity of the copies in this case will be Δ P = 0.1029 dB.

If the branch coefficient of the Y-type dividing HBO, which is part of the 2nd VOCP, is approximately equal to k ₂ ≈ 0.502, then the optical radiation losses in the 3rd FOCL will be compensated, which will also affect the form of the generated sequence of copies: the amplitude of those copies that delayed in the 3rd FOCL (4 ... 7, 12 ... 15, 20 ... 23 and 28 ... 31) will increase, the rest will decrease (Fig.11c).

It should be noted that in this case the 4th amplitude (J _max = J ₄ = 0,011119J _c ) has the maximum amplitude, not the last, but the 27th copy (J _min = J ₂₇ = 0.011036J _s ). The identity of the generated copies in this case is already Δ P = 0.0651 dB.

Finally, when compensating for losses in all stages (fulfillment of the branch coefficients included in the GPO of the Y-type separation IEE according to Fig. 9 with an accuracy of 0.001), the difference between the maximum and minimum copy amplitudes will become even less significant (J _max = J ₆ = 0, 011106J _s and J _min = J ₂₅ = 0.11047J _s ). A view of the generated copy sequence at the output of the binary OSI for this case is shown in FIG.

The identity of the generated sequence of copies in this case will be Δ P = 0.0462 dB, that is, the maximum amplitude of the copies exceeds the minimum amplitude by only 1.005337 times.

On Fig shows the results of the calculations of the non-identity of the generated copies of the radio signal in the manufacture of IEE with transmission coefficients made with an accuracy of 0.1; 0.01 and 0.001. In a graphical form, the dependence of the non-identity of the generated copies at different accuracy of the execution of the IEE branch coefficients on the number of used fiber optic link N is presented in Fig. 13.

The proposed measures to increase the identity of the generated copies in the DZU based on binary OSI can significantly improve the conditions of replication of the input signal. So, for example, in the device under consideration, it will be possible to generate 4096 copies with an identity that does not exceed 0.2 dB (in the absence of such measures, the non-identity of copies not exceeding 0.2 dB could be obtained only with 16 copies).

It must be recognized that the proposed measures are effective when the number of fiber optic lines does not exceed 10 ... 13 (depending on the accuracy of manufacturing the IEE). With a larger number of fiber optic links, the losses in the optical fiber reach values that cannot be compensated for by changing the HBO branch coefficients. In this case, it is possible to increase the identity of copies by installing optical amplifiers in series with such fiber-optic cables with the gain necessary to compensate for the losses.

Thus, the results of the studies show that in the claimed technical solution by replacing the X-type IEE on the Y-type summing and separating I-type IEE and changing the branching coefficients of the separation Y-type IEE, it is possible to significantly increase the identity of the generated copies for a given number of copies or increase the number of copies at the required non-identity compared with the prototype (patent 2213421 RU, IPC ⁷ H 04 B 10/00, G 02 B6 / 00, G 01 S 7/40). This proves the existence of a causal relationship between the claimed combination of features and the technical result in terms of increasing the identity of the generated copies.

To prove that it is possible to control the process of copying, we consider the process of replicating the input signal in dynamic storage devices with a sequentially binary fiber-optic structure.

First, we consider the process of controlling the sequence of copies generated by the device when using only the first N FOCs 8-1, ..., 8-N for these purposes.

When the j-th fiber optic key VOK 8-j is opened, the first 2 ^j-1 copies will disappear from the general sequence ^of copies. The next 2 ^j-1 copies will go freely to the output of the DZU, etc. Thus, if we indicate the presence of a copy at the output of the device through "1", and the absence through "0", then the formed private sequence of copies when opening only the j-th fiber-optic key BOK _j can be represented as a binary word S _j with a length of 2 ^N bits

So, when opening only the first fiber-optic key VOK 8-1 from the general sequence of copies, only copies with odd N serial numbers remain: 1, 3, 5, ..., 2 ^N -1, that is, with the copy delay time τ _back , 3τ _ass , 5τ _ass , ..., (2 ^N -1) τ _ass, respectively. Similarly, if only the second wok 8-2 is opened, only copies with a delay time of 2τ _back , 3τ _back will remain from the entire sequence of copies; 6τ _ass , 7τ _ass ; ...; (2 ^N -1) τ _ass , (2 ^N -1) τ _ass Finally, when only the N-th key of the VOK 8-N is opened, the private sequence of the generated copies will contain copies with delay times (2 ^N-1 ) τ _back , (2 ^N-1 +1) τ _back , ..., (2 ^N -1) τ _ass

With the simultaneous opening of two or more keys in a binary VOS, the form of the formed private sequence can easily be obtained by bitwise multiplication of binary words corresponding to the opening of each key under consideration separately.

Copy management in a DZU with N VOLZ and binary VOS when using only the first N VOKs 8-1, ..., 8-N to control, allows:

1) increase the repetition period of copies by 2, 4, 8, ..., 2 ^N-1 times;

2) form packets of copies in the amount of 2, 4, 8, ..., 2 ^N-1 pulses;

3) change the pauses between generated copies and packages of copies (pauses are equivalent to the formation times of 2, 4, 8, ..., 2 ^N-1 pulses);

4) generate only one copy with a delay time (2 ^N -1) · τ _ass .

The number of copies X _k obtained by simultaneously opening k keys (when using N FOL) is determined by the expression

X _k = X ^Nk .

The number of variants of combinations X _{k, N of} simultaneously open keys with the number k with their total number N can be determined by the formula

The total number of possible combinations of open keys when using only the first N VOKs 8-1, (8-N and, therefore, copy sequence options X _N for control, will be equal to

для разомкнутого (N+j)-го волоконно-оптического ключа BOK_N+J, примет видIn the case of controlling the process of copying when only the last N NOCs are used to control 8- (N + 1), ..., 8-2N, expression (8) corresponding to the binary word

for an open (N + j) -th fiber optic switch BOK _{N + J} , takes the form

Significantly broader possibilities for managing the sequence of generated copies will be obtained if all FOCs 8-1, ..., 8-2N are used for these purposes.

In this case, the claimed technical solution allows:

1) by changing combinations of open woks, it becomes possible to change the relative location in time (change numbers) of the generated copies of the signal while maintaining one type of sequence;

2) with the simultaneous opening of the j-th wok 8-j and the (N + j) th wok 8- (N + j), the formation of copies is impossible (there is a "shutdown" of the DZU without changing the operating modes of all its main modules).

Various combinations of open keys allow you to change the relative locations of the generated copies with the same type of sequence. Of interest is a change in location if only one copy is formed - various combinations of open keys allow you to get a copy with any serial number.

The number of different options for the relative locations of the generated sequences of copies with k open keys with given numbers is

Y _k = 2 ^k .

The total number of possible options for obtaining different sequences of copies (taking into account different locations) for DZU with N FOL is determined by the expression

On Fig shows the results carried out according to formulas (9) and (10) calculations of the options for the copies.

For example, for DZU with controlled binary VOS using three FOLs (N = 3), it is possible to form 27 different sequences of copies. All of these sequence options are presented in FIG.

Thus, the claimed technical solution allows you to generate a time sequence of 2 ^N copies of the input radio signal with a repetition period τ _ass , and also due to the ability to control the replication process:

1) increase the repetition period of copies by 2, 4, 8, ..., 2 ^N-1 times;

2) form packets of copies in the amount of 2, 4, 8, ..., 2 ^N-1 pulses;

3) change the pauses between generated copies and packages of copies (pauses are equivalent to the formation times of 2, 4, 8, ..., 2 ^N-1 pulses);

4) change the relative location in time (change the numbers) of the generated copies of the signal while maintaining the same type of sequence;

5) generate one copy with any number (delay time 0, ..., τ _ass ; 2τ _ass , ..., (2 ^N -1) · _ass ).

Proof of the conservation of low consumption of the fiber in the claimed object is given below.

For the formation of M copies of the input signal with a period of following τ _back in the device described in US patent 4128759, MKI N 04 V 009/00 (see Fig. 16), it is necessary to use M optical fibers with a total length of the order of 0.5 · M ² · L , which is M / 2 times the length of the aircraft used in the inventive facility (where L is the length of the aircraft providing a delay τ _ass ).

The fiber-optic memory recirculation devices described in US Pat. Nos. 4,473,270 to MKI G 02 B 005/172 (see FIG. 17) have the lowest fiber consumption, determined by the repetition period. However, these devices are characterized by high attenuation of the signal from copy to copy in connection with the serial output of part of the energy of the optical radiation from the circulation process. As a result, at a constant noise level of the photodetector, the signal-to-noise ratio of copies at the output of such devices rapidly decreases, which ultimately leads to a short storage time of information and a high non-identity of the copies.

The total length of the optical fiber used in dynamic memory devices based on multi-tap fiber optic transmission lines described in US patents 4558920, MKI G 02 B 005/172 (see Fig. 18) and 4557552 USA, MKI G 02 B 005/172 (see Fig. 19 ), as in the claimed object, is proportional to the number of generated copies.

A dynamic storage device with binary BOC (patent 2213421 RU, IPC ⁷ N 04 V 10/00, G 02 V 6/00, G 01 S 7/40) (see Fig. 20) is characterized by the same factors affecting the consumption of aircraft as the claimed object.

The analysis proves the existence of a causal relationship between the claimed combination of features and the achieved technical result in terms of maintaining a low fiber consumption.

The functional elements of a dynamic storage device with a controlled binary optical fiber structure and the device as a whole (see Fig. 1) satisfy the criterion of industrial use.

In relation to the elements of the circuit DZU 1-5, 7-11 (see figure 1), the following can be noted. The industry has mastered and mass-produced a fairly wide class of semiconductor laser emitters and transmitting optical modules at a wavelength of (1.3-1.55) microns, capable of operating in a single-mode mode at room temperature and having acceptable consumer characteristics. In particular, the transmitting optical module POM-13M has the following basic data (Strucheva O.F., Bezborodova T.M. Products of fiber optic technology: Catalog. - M .: Ekos, 1993. - 142 p.): Radiation wavelength 1.3 ... 1.55 μm, radiation power 1 mW, spectral envelope width 0.01 nm, information transfer rate 5 Gbit / s, single-frequency generation mode.

The bandwidth of modern single-mode optical fibers reaches 100 GHz km or more with a group signal delay of about 5 μs / km and dispersion at a wavelength of 1.3 μm of not more than 3.5 ps / (nm km) (Bratchikov A.N. delay lines of broadband radio signals // Foreign Radio Electronics. - 1988. - No. 3. - P.85-94).

Among domestic fiber-optic amplifiers, OA-850 and OA-1300 can be noted with gain _Kow equal to 6 and 10 dB at an input signal level of 20 ... 100 μW (manufacturer of the Research Institute "Volga" NPO "Reflector") and single-mode fiber -optical amplifier for a wavelength of 1.53 ... 1.55 microns (cooperative "Fiberoptik"). The company Pirelli CAVI SPA (Italy) offers an optical amplifier "AMPLIPHOS" on erbium fiber, operating in the optical range λ = 1530 ... 1560 nm and providing optimal gain W _wow = 22 ... 30 dB, and the noise figure To _wow does not exceed 4 dB.

Currently, there are various types of fiber optic keys. Mechanical FOCs are characterized by a low level of optical losses (0.5 ... 1 dB), power consumption of several milliwatts and insufficiently high speed (10 ... 50 ms), which is their main drawback. Liquid crystal fiber optic switches do not have moving parts and are potentially more reliable than mechanical ones. Optical losses for this type of FOC are 1 ... 2 dB, power consumption 30 ... 50 μW and switching speed 5 ... 50 ms. Acousto-and magneto-optical FOCs on bulk elements provide a switching speed of about 10 ^-6 s ^{-1 and} have an optical loss level of 2 ... 3 dB. Electro-optical switches on single-mode strip optical fibers have optical losses, including losses on the connection with fiber optical fibers, of the order of 2 ... 3 dB, switching speed up to 6 GHz and control voltages of 4 ... 10 V.

Currently, several types of HBO and methods for their manufacture based on fiber, microplanar and planar technologies have been developed. Fusion, precision machining and chemical etching with subsequent restoration of the cladding are widely used for the manufacture of HBO based on fiber optical fibers. For example, in the chemical method of manufacturing couplers, fiber optic fibers are cleaned of protective sheaths, the cleaned areas are interlaced, and reflective sheaths are etched. After reaching the specified transmission coefficients, controlled by the output signal directly during the etching process, the fibers are washed and the shells are restored. All manufacturing methods of HBO based on fiber optic fibers provide small optical losses of the order of 0.1 dB and specified transmission coefficients.

Photodetectors are usually a combination of a photodiode and a pre-amplification stage of the photoresponse signal. The maximum band of detected signals of serial photodiodes reaches 5 ... 10 GHz with a sensitivity of about 30 dBm in optical radiation intensity, a dynamic range of 20 ... 25 dB and a slope of the detection characteristics of 0.5 ... 0.8 A / W current (Strucheva O.F., Bezborodova T.M. Products of fiber-optic technology: Catalog. - M .: Ekos, 1993. - 142 p.)

According to the work (Microelectronic Microwave Devices / Edited by G.I. Veselov. - M.: Vysshaya Shkola, 1988. - P.68-75) multi-stage power dividers provide decoupling of output arms without the use of gate devices up to 30 dB in the frequency band with a coefficient of overlap of the range of 1.44. Using modern ferrite valves (Ferrite Microwave Devices // Production Association "Granite", Rostov-on-Don, 1992), the splitter arm decoupling can be increased by at least 25 ... 30 dB with direct losses of the order of 0.5 .. .0.8 dB.

Currently, transistor amplifiers operating in the frequency range of 0.1 ... 25 GHz and having a gain band of 4 ... 80%, a gain per stage of 5 ... 30 dB, and a noise figure of 2 are most widely used as broadband amplifiers. ... 6 dB and the dynamic range of the input signal 80 ... 90 dB (Microelectronic devices microwave / Edited by G.I. Veselov. - M.: Higher school, 1988. - p. 78-86, 225).

All elements of control unit 6 also satisfy the criterion of industrial use. The pulse shapers are easily implemented on the basis of, for example, a series connection of a differentiating circuit, an amplifier-limiter and (if necessary) an inverter.

Claims (1)

A sequential binary fiber optic dynamic signal storage device comprising a broadband amplifier, a power divider, a transmitting optical module, an optical fiber amplifier, a Y-type directional optical fiber coupler, 2N optical fiber keys, N optical fiber delay lines summing a directional Y-type fiber optic coupler, a photodetector and a control unit, wherein the input of the device is the input of a broadband amplifier, the path of which is connected to the input of the power divider, the first output of which is connected to the electrical input of the transmitting optical module, the optical output of which is connected through an optical fiber amplifier to the input port of a Y-type directional fiber coupler, the first output port of which is connected to the optical input of the first fiber optical key, and the second output port is connected to the optical input of the (N + 1) -th optical fiber key, the output port of which is connected to the input port of the first fiber o-optical delay line, and the output port of the (N + 2) -th fiber optic key is connected to the input port of the second fiber-optic delay line, and the output port of the (N + j) -th fiber optic key is connected to the input port j -th fiber optic delay line, the output port of the last 2Nth fiber-optic key is connected to the input port of the last Nth fiber-optic delay line, the output port of which is connected to the second input port of the summing directional Y-type fiber coupler, the first input one port of which is connected to the output port of the Nth fiber optic key, and the output port is connected to the optical input of the photodetector, the electrical output of which is the output of the device, the second output of the power divider connected to the input of the control unit, outputs 1, 2, ... 2N of which are connected to the control inputs of the first, second, ..., 2N-th fiber optic keys, respectively, characterized in that (N-1) fiber-optic four-terminal devices are additionally inserted into it, the first input port of the j-th fiber optically the quadrupole is connected to the output port of the jth fiber optic switch, the second input port of the jth fiber optic quadrupole is connected to the output port of the jth fiber optic delay line, the first output port of the jth fiber optic quadrupole is connected to the optical the input of the (j + 1) -th fiber optic key, the second output port of the j-th fiber optic four-terminal is connected to the optical input of the (N + j + 1) -th fiber-optic key, each fiber-optic four-terminal contains Y-type internal totalizing and dividing directional fiber optic couplers, wherein the first input port of the Y-type internal summarizing directional fiber optic coupler is the first input port of the four-port fiber optic coupler, the second input port of the Y-type internal summing directional fiber optic coupler is the second input port of the fiber optic quadripole, the first output port of the internal separation directional fiber optic The Y-type coupler is the first output port of the fiber optic four-port, the second output port of the internal Y-type directional fiber optic coupler is the second output port of the optical fiber four-port, the output port of the internal Y-type summarized directional optical coupler is connected to the input port Y-type internal directional fiber optic coupler.

Images