RU2254483C1 - Rotary internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; rotary internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed engine contains stator with variable-radius profiled inner surface and rotor with movable members interacting with profiled surface of stator. According to invention, two diametrically opposite cavities are made on inner surface of stator to accommodate fuel mixture transfer devices made in form of radially movable wedges-valves secured by angle plates on stator which are sunk in stator body to butt join with its cylindrical parts. Sealing members of rotor are made in form of wedges, each pair of wedges being connected to each other by angle plates secured in one point on rotor.

EFFECT: simplified design, improved reliability of sealing members in operation and efficiency of engine.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, in particular to internal combustion engines (ICE), which can be used in vehicles, in tractor manufacturing, small aircraft, small water vehicles, etc.

Known ICE (RF patent No. 2209323, F 02 B 53/10, publ. 07/27/2003), having a stator with a profiled inner surface of variable radius, having several symmetrically located ellipsoidal depressions, inlet and outlet openings for the fuel mixture and openings for supplying funds ignition of the fuel mixture; as well as a rotor with sealing radial movable plates installed in it, constantly interacting with the profiled stator surface and forming working chambers with inlet and discharge zones, inlet-ignition zones of the fuel mixture with an additional compression zone, expansion and exhaust gas discharge zones. Sealing plates interacting with the stator guide have pivotally movable seals. The main disadvantages of this internal combustion engine is the complex shaped surface of the stator and the increased effect of centrifugal forces on the sealing surface of the plates, leading to their mechanical damage and, consequently, to a decrease in the reliability of the internal combustion engine. In addition, the arson and explosive effect of the fuel mixture produced in the bypass channel is directed into the chamber of increasing volume, thereby reducing its effectiveness.

Closest to the proposed is a rotary ICE (RF patent No. 2126898, IPC F 02 B 53/02, publ. 02.27.1999) containing a stator and a rotor on the shaft. Inside the stator, a profiled guide of variable radius with protrusions and troughs is rigidly fixed. In the rotor radially in pairs (6 pairs) and parallel to each other in each pair are placed sealing plates with the possibility of radial movement (under the action of springs and centrifugal force) and constant interaction with the profiled stator guide. Sealing plates and end fixed disks form working chambers: the ignition of the fuel mixture and the exhaust gas (start of the stroke) and a similar chamber at the end of the stroke, as well as the suction chamber - compression and bypass of the fuel mixture. Bypass channels are made in a profiled guide. At the outputs of the bypass channels there are check valves.

This ICE design has the following disadvantages:

- the complex design of a profiled guide built into the stator having bypass channels and check valves inside it;

- the need for additional end disks for the formation of working chambers;

- insufficient reliability of the sealing end parts of the plates, which with a large number of revolutions per minute (up to 1500) under the influence of centrifugal force can undergo heating, braking of the rotor, as well as damage to their upper part and jamming of the motor, scoring of the stator guide;

- upon ignition of the fuel mixture, the generated gases, expanding, create the same pressure on all sides of the combustion chamber, thereby reducing the efficiency of the explosion of the fuel mixture;

- an increase in working strokes will lead to an increase in fuel consumption and lubricant consumption; and other disadvantages.

All this together leads to a complication of the design, its insufficient reliability and reduced efficiency.

The objectives of the proposed device rotary internal combustion engine are to simplify the design of the guide surface of the stator, increase the reliability of the sealing elements, increase the efficiency of use of the fuel mixture and engine efficiency, reduce its weight and dimensions.

The tasks are solved due to the fact that in a rotary internal combustion engine containing a stator with a profiled inner surface of variable radius, having diametrically opposite openings of the fuel mixture inlet, openings for the means of ignition of the fuel mixture and openings for the release of exhaust gases, and also a means for bypassing fuel mixture; and a rotor on the shaft, including sealing elements radially movable and evenly spaced along its surface, constantly interacting with the profiled stator surface in the working position and forming the working chambers of the fuel mixture inlet, its combustion chamber and the exhaust chamber, as well as means for bypassing the fuel mixture, the profiled inner surface of the stator is made concentric with a cylindrical rotor having two diametrically opposite ellipsoidal depressions, holes for the fuel mixture inlet is located on one side of each cavity, the ignition holes for the fuel mixture are located on the other side of each cavity, and at the places of ignition on the inner surface of the stator in the places where the ellipsoid cavities go into concentric parts, means for transferring the fuel mixture are made, made in in the form of bypass check valves in the form of radially movable wedges fixed to the stator body by angles from the troughs and recessed into the stator body to the junction with its cylindrical in parts; rotor sealing elements are made in the form of pairs of valves in the form of wedges, each pair of which are connected to each other by angles fixed at one point on the rotor body with the possibility of radial movement of each wedge valve, while the wedge valves have a convex surface mating with a cylindrical surface the rotor when they are recessed into the rotor body in the idle position, in addition, the rotor additionally contains projections uniformly spaced on its surface with a height the width of the gap between the rotor cylinder and the concentrator eskimi parts of the stator; and also the fuel mixture inlet chambers are formed in the depressions and serve as the fuel mixture accumulation and air filling chambers, and the combustion chambers are formed between the stator bypass shut-off valves and rotor protrusions and serve as the compression and explosion chambers of the fuel mixture.

In this case, the optimal number of pairs of sealing valve-wedges of the rotor is four pairs.

And also inside the rotor symmetrically located voids of the same configuration are made.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, representing the view of the engine in section.

The rotary internal combustion engine contains a fixed stator 1 and a rotor 2 rotating on the shaft 3. The stator has two inlet openings 4 for inlet of the fuel mixture, two exhaust openings 5 for exhaust gas, and two openings 6 for supplying ignition means. Moreover, all pairs of holes are located in the stator diametrically opposite to each other. The inner surface of the stator is made in the form of a circle concentric with a cylindrical rotor, having two ellipsoidal depressions 7, smoothly conjugated with the concentric parts of the circle and located on diametrically opposite sides of the stator. On one side of each cavity 7 at the concentric part there is a hole 4 for the intake of the fuel mixture. On the other hand of each cavity 7 at the place of its transition to the concentric part, a bypass check valve 8 is made in the form of a wedge, mounted on the stator body from the side of the cavity 7 and movable under the action of a spring from the joint with the concentric part of the stator. In this case, both valves 8, smoothly conjugated with the stator surface by its concave surface, are located on diametrically opposite sides of the stator. The rotor 2 contains four pairs of sealing elements uniformly spaced around the circumference - valves 9 and 10. Each pair of valves 9 and 10 is made in the form of wedges with convex surfaces mating with the rotor surface, connected to each other on the rotor surface at the same point by the ends of the same angles, fixed on the surface of the rotor, for example, articulated, and radially movable and protruding from the body of the rotor from the opposite sides of each pair, which are opposite to the fixed point. In the idle position, the pairs of sealing valve-wedges 9 and 10 are recessed into the rotor body and form a continuous cylindrical surface with it. In the working position, all pairs of wedge valves 9 and 10 are radially movable under the action of springs and centrifugal forces from the opposite sides of each pair and constantly interact with the profiled stator guide. In addition, between four pairs of wedge valves 9 and 10 on the cylindrical surface of the rotor, four projections 11 are uniformly spaced around the circumference, protruding to the width of the gap between the rotor and the stator in the concentric part, which serve to open the bypass bypass valves 8 of the stator. At the same time, at the inlet 4 in each cavity 7, a fuel mixture inlet chamber A is formed. When it gets (moving clockwise) between the back-shut valve 8 (which is opened by the protrusion 11 and passing the fuel mixture) and the protrusion 11 against the hole 6 with the ignition means, a compression and combustion chamber B of the fuel mixture is formed. And the gap between the stator and the rotor to the outlet 5 serves to remove exhaust gases. In addition, symmetrically located voids 12 of the same configuration are made in the rotor body. The stator is rigidly fixed to the frame (not shown). The rotor inserted into the stator is closed from the ends by covers (not shown) having holes similar in shape to the voids 12 in the rotor body. Rotary engine works as follows.

When the rotor 2 is rotated clockwise, the sealing wedges 9 and 10 (also acting as pistons) under the action of centrifugal force and springs seem to float in the gap between the rotor and the stator and are in constant interaction with the profiled stator guide, forming ICE working chambers. When the valve-wedge 10 passes through the inlet, it acts as a piston and sucks the fuel mixture into chamber A in the cavity 7, where the fuel mixture is filled and mixed with air. The suction process occurs until the hole 4 is blocked by the valve 9 of the next pair. Further rotation of the rotor moves the fuel mixture bounded by valves 10 and 9 of adjacent pairs. In this case, the protrusion 11 located in this gap opens (drowns into the stator body) the continuously closed (located in the gap) bypass back-stop valve 8. The valve 8 bypasses the flow of the fuel mixture into the chamber B formed between the passed protrusion 11 and the closed valve 8 after bypassing the entire volume the fuel mixture propelled by valves 10 and 9 of adjacent pairs from the cavity. The locked and compressed working mixture is ignited by the spark plug in the hole 6. An explosion occurs, while the explosion energy, starting from the locked valve 8, is directed towards the freely moving protrusion 11 and the engine is running. Between a pair of wedges 9 and 10, a free space is formed that helps to close the bypass valve 8. Moving further in the gap between the stator and the rotor, the protrusion 11 opens a hole 5 through which the exhaust gases are removed, and the valve 9 that follows immediately completely pushes them out. The cycle occurs simultaneously in two chambers, 8 cycles are performed in one rotor revolution, while the engine develops a speed of up to 1000 revolutions per minute. To cool the internal combustion engine and reduce its weight in the rotor body, voids 12 are made and similar holes are provided in the end caps of the engine, providing air circulation.

Thus, the main distinguishing features of this engine are the simpler design of the stator guide, the presence of two bypass check valves providing tight closure, and an emphasis creating the direction of the explosion energy in the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber, formed by a check valve and a protrusion of the rotor, more effectively performs the engine. The rotor, equipped with pairs of sealing valves in the form of wedges that open when the engine is started by springs and are kept in constant contact with the stator guide due to centrifugal force, moves smoothly along it. All this creates the effective operation of the engine with increased efficiency, reduces weight and dimensions compared to other piston units. This engine can be used as a compressor, and when a steam is supplied under pressure instead of a spark plug, a steam engine can be obtained, the efficiency of which will be higher than that of a turbine. The small size of the engine allows you to put several motors on one shaft, which can significantly increase the power of the installation.

Claims (3)

1. A rotary internal combustion engine comprising a stator with a profiled inner surface of variable radius, having diametrically opposed openings of the inlet of the fuel mixture, openings for means for igniting the fuel mixture and openings for discharging exhaust gases, and also means for bypassing the fuel mixture; the rotor on the shaft, including sealing elements radially movable and evenly spaced along its surface, constantly interacting with the profiled stator surface in the working position and forming working chambers of the fuel mixture inlet, its combustion chambers and exhaust gas chambers, as well as means for passing the fuel mixture characterized in that the profiled inner surface of the stator is made concentric with a cylindrical rotor having two diametrically opposite ellipsoidal in pits, fuel mixture inlet openings are located on one side of each cavity, fuel mixture ignition openings are located on the other side of each cavity, while means for transferring the fuel mixture are placed at the ignition holes on the inner surface of the stator at the points where the ellipsoid depressions enter concentric parts made in the form of bypass check valves in the form of radially movable wedges fixed to the stator body by angles from the troughs and recessed into the stator body to the junction with it ilindricheskimi parts; rotor sealing elements are made in the form of pairs of valves in the form of wedges, each pair of which are connected to each other by angles fixed at one point on the rotor body with the possibility of radial movement of each wedge valve, while the wedge valves have a convex surface mating with a cylindrical surface the rotor when they are recessed into the rotor body in the idle position, in addition, the rotor additionally contains projections uniformly spaced on its surface with a height the width of the gap between the rotor cylinder and the concentrator eskimi parts of the stator; and also the fuel mixture inlet chambers are formed in the depressions and serve as the fuel mixture accumulation and air filling chambers, and the combustion chambers are formed between the stator bypass shut-off valves and rotor protrusions and serve as the compression and explosion chambers of the fuel mixture. 2. The engine under item 1, characterized in that the optimal number of pairs of sealing valve-wedges of the rotor is four pairs. 3. The engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that symmetrically located voids of the same configuration are made inside the rotor.