RU2252880C2 - High-speed ground transport system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport engineering.

SUBSTANCE: use is made of movable body with straight rotor of linear electric motor. Stator is installed on supports arranged on route and is provided with superconducting winding cooled by liquid helium. Superelectromagnets are mounted on supports and on body being pointed to each other by like poles creating repelling effect in form of magnetic cushion. Supports are made with trough-like upper parts orientated in direction of movement, their height being not less than two-fold overall dimensions of operating vehicle. Superpermanent magnets are mounted on trough-like surface of supports, on bottom and on lower part of side walls of body in combination with superelectromagnets. Service receiver of compressed air is installed in lower part of each support. Automatically controlled valve is installed on its upper part, on service pipe to deliver compressed air along branched system of pipes over entire trough-like area of support and to create additional lifting force, cleaning from snow, ice and dust. Lower part of service receiver is connected through pipe with main line pipeline-receiver laid in ground or in tunnel along entire length of route.

EFFECT: increased speed and reliability of running, reduced expenses and no harmful effect on environment.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of land high-speed vehicle.

Known for high-speed rail transport on a rut of 1,524 mm, adopted 200 years ago, containing a railroad track located on the right of way, fenced on both sides, a locomotive, wagons on wheels connected by trailers, with driving and driven wheels. The project was developed by the Rubin Central Marine Engineering Design Bureau. The train is the Sokol passenger express train, capable of speeds up to 350 km per hour.

The disadvantages of the specified railway vehicle "Falcon" and the corresponding railway track are as follows:

- "Sokol" high-speed rail transport and the like, for example, "Arrow", stands on archaic tracks, adopted more than 1524 mm track 200 years ago, closes the way of creative thinking and the embodiment of more advanced technical solutions for many years;

- orientation to railway "high-speed" transport is a dead end, erroneous, since studies in different countries have shown that the adhesion of wheels to rails can be within a speed of 260 km per hour, and if in other countries they achieve good results, then only at the expense of magnetically - the levitation effect, for example, trains running between Tokyo and Osaka, where the annual temperature is positive, in the vastness of Russia 6 months winter, snowdrifts lie, snow fell there, and melted by noon;

- track maintenance is laborious and difficult, a large number of people are busy with it, snow drifts of tracks at high speeds of the train are perceived as an explosive blow, and in great frost the rails burst and the trains go off the rails, which has happened more than once on the tracks from Moscow to Leningrad;

- the alienation of the strip, fenced on both sides by a fence, plus strip plantation, takes a lot of agricultural land, limits the country's economic activity, forces you to make a large number of elevated and underground passages, which leads to significant material costs for their construction and repair;

- the construction of a railway, especially a high-speed one, is laborious and very expensive for the country, since a high-speed rail, above 200 km per hour, requires a polished rail head with butt-welded ends with termite welding, and reinforced concrete sleepers are laid on reinforced concrete slabs, verified in height to millimeters, under the slab, a compacted gravel or gravel base, which after laying the slab by injection of cement milk is monolithic, under them there is a trough-like recess with transverse trenches into which drilled pottery or cement pipes, trenches with pipes filled with granulometrically selected gravel, gravel with coarse sand, for removal of groundwater, flood waters from under the route, and all this is inseparable along the entire length of the route, in addition, along the route to make the track profile smooth along GOST, dozens, maybe hundreds of millions of cubic meters of excavation are carried out, and on other places along the route, on the contrary, of the same order - embankments, moreover, a trough-like excavation with drainage is made on the excavations, and this additional The additional excavation should be not less than the depth of freezing of the soil, which even along the Moscow-St. Petersburg route is not the same.

In addition, you need to know and remember that the route is already being laid through the Central Russian Upland, through the well-known Valdai, where the sources of the Volga, Dnieper, Western Dvina and other small rivers are.

The closest technical solution claimed is a jet train developed by Professor K. Ozawa, moving along the overpass. In 1968, the test train reached a speed of 1,140 km per hour, and in 1969, after building a sealed tunnel and the air pumped out, it reached a speed of 2,300 km per hour. The vacuum in the tunnel prevented the formation and propagation of shock waves.

The body / hull / train of 220 meters in length and 5 meters in diameter is made of light metals, able to accommodate containers with a total weight of 100 tons. Passenger compartments with 1000 seats are separated from the engine compartment by fire-resistant fire walls. Typically, it is allowed to carry 2.5 times more baggage with you than on airplanes. There is a compartment for cars. In the stern is a device for air braking.

Despite the relatively good performance of the K. Ozawa train, this vehicle has a number of significant drawbacks:

- in the Russian climatic conditions, and material conditions are being added to them, high-speed ground transport is unacceptable, because the highway / overpass / will be covered with snow, investment on spans, i.e. on the overpass, make up 2/3 of all costs, because the overpass is subject to very large bending moments, independently metal or reinforced concrete;

- the achieved speed of 1140 km per hour, it must be assumed that the flyover is slightly less than the speed of sound at ground level, or rather, sea level, snow falling on the flyover, or accidentally left, when hit at high speed will be perceived as an explosive strike;

- Japan is washed from all sides by the seas, from the east the powerful warm Kuro-Sivo current, temperature differences are insignificant, so the overpass there can be built in continuous, and even supporting parts are monolithic with support, as a result of which they have the same track us the construction of the flyover will be twice as heavy, because everything needs to be done in split structures, due to the large temperature difference of 80-85 degrees C;

- turbojet engines at ground level will create noise, which will worsen the environmental situation along the highway.

The technical solution of a high-speed land vehicle proposed by Professor K. Ozawa is unacceptable for Russia. Therefore, we need a fundamentally new solution that would meet the conditions of Russia with its novelty and new technologies that could make up the pride of engineering in Russia and the Russians.

The aim of the invention is to increase speed, reliability, reduce material costs and material consumption, competitiveness, improve environmental conditions, increase comfort.

This goal is achieved by the fact that after certain distances along the route, supports with a height of at least 10-12 m are installed on piles, monolithic on top with grillages. From above, in the direction of the axis of the track, the support is made trough-shaped, covering the vehicle at least 1/3 of the height. Super-permanent magnets and super-electromagnets are installed in a certain direction from the inside of the trough-like surface of the support to maintain the vehicle in suspension, without contact with the support, its trough-like part. In addition, a stator of a linear electric motor with super-winding with superconducting wires cooled by liquid helium at a temperature of -250 ° C is installed / mounted / mounted on the support. Super-permanent magnets are made of an alloy of rare-earth metals SmCo ₅ , and superconductors are made of an alloy of vanadium with galium, which is not a rare-earth metal. Both permanent magnets and electromagnets are oriented on one side, the lower ones on the horizontal part of the gutter upwards, and on the sides on a curve facing perpendicular to the tangent curve, i.e. to the conditional middle of the vehicle.

In addition, compressed air is supplied to the trough-shaped part of the support, which contributes to the creation of additional lifting force in the form of an air cushion between the trough-shaped top of the support and the lower part of the vehicle and ensures that the trough-shaped part of the support is clean from snow, ice, dusting at any time of the year and in any weather by systematic, automatic inclusion.

The vehicle itself is an articulated fuselage with the highest aerodynamic quality K = 25 / the ratio of the lifting force of electromagnets and air cushion to the force of any resistance / mainly of three sections, connected between themselves along the axis of symmetry by axes that provide limited lateral rotation on the corners of the route. The front section is the nasal, middle and tail. Moreover, the nose and tail sections are slightly longer than the distance between the supports in order to be able to support the vehicle on four supports, which helps to reduce the weight of the vehicle. In front of the bow section is the navigational cabin, and on the outside, stabilizers are made in one row in height in one row in height, creating additional lifting force that prevents the section from bending when they are in cantilever position. The stabilizer rotation sensor is a laser mounted at the bottom in front of the section. The tail section on top of the tail has a traditional keel and arrow-shaped stabilizer, which mainly perform the functions of aerodynamic brakes, as well as a stabilizer against deflection in the cantilever position of the tail section, in the lower part of all three sections, on their horizontal parts and on the sides, to the top of the trough-like parts of the support are attached in a certain alternation to super-permanent magnets and super-electromagnets in response to the repelled poles.

All this, I repeat, and this is the main thing, a vehicle - the fuselage will hang over three or four legs without touching them.

Sections relative to each other have a limited rotation along the minimum radius of curvature of the track, therefore, the rigid parts of each section at the level of floor floors, on two sides of the vertical axes, are connected / connected / by damping hydraulic cylinders. Every two stringers of one level and equidistant from the axis of symmetry are connected to the stringers of the other adjacent section by damping hydraulic cylinders and provide additional rigidity / strength / articulated joint.

The joints of adjacent sections are isolated from the external atmosphere by a ring, at the level of the stringers by an annular bellows, which ensures the tightness of the joint and the maximum limited rotation at the minimum radius of curvature of the route. Outside, the bellows / joint / is closed in a ring with a streamlined sheet that does not protrude beyond the skin, attached only to the front section of the joint. For example, when turning left, the left side of the bellows is compressed, and the right side is expanded. Accordingly, the annular protective sheet is also shifted. The bellows in the bend rotate only half the angle of rotation of the sections, but on the axis of symmetry above and below they do not compress or expand.

The driving force of the vehicle is a linear electric motor. Rotor - the lightest part of the electric motor is a straight rod made of steel. What cross section, economically and technically justified, has yet to be investigated, studied: rectangular, square, round, hexagonal or tubular.

To achieve additional lifting force and systematic cleaning of the trough-like surface of the support along the route, a compressed air pipe, for example, with a diameter of 500 mm and a volume of 120,000 cubic meters, is laid in the ground or in a special tunnel channel. Opposite each support, a tap was made with an input to the consumable receiver at the bottom of the support. Each receiver, connected directly to the main line of compressed air, is equipped with a safety valve. Even if 10 valves fail on the highway, then 3990 in the main tubular receiver is in good condition, provided that there are 150 meters between the supports.

Electric energy consumption can be twofold. Due to the country's energy system and autonomous, independent, due to wind, solar energy. The linear electric motor will work in a matter of seconds, and if the vehicle capacity is 5,000 people, even on the Moscow-St. Petersburg route, the stator on the support will turn on only once or twice a day.

What does a vehicle consist of? It consists of fixed and movable parts, inalienable from each other, since the stator of a linear electric motor is on a fixed support, and the rotor is on a movable one. The movable part, as you know, consists of at least three sections, compartments, in addition, sections are divided into tiers, floors. There can be more or less than three. With a three-tier: the lower half-tier is technical, the second is passenger-and-freight, and the third is fully passenger upper.

Along the symmetry axis of the vehicle, corridors 1.6-2 meters wide are made in all tiers, and their walls represent the main box beam. This main beam, rigidly connected with the ceilings, bottom, ceiling and side stringers, represents a strong, but at the same time lightweight construction. The walls of the corridor and stiff walls with doors make each passenger compartment very comfortable.

Entrance and exit of passengers is made from two levels of tiers at the door, similar to airplane doors, possibly from two sides with a two-tier apron. Check-in of cars, handling equipment with cargo - from the rotary ramp, like the plane "Antei", "Ruslan".

At final points, for example Moscow, St. Petersburg, at intermediate stops Tver, Bologoe the vehicle will "hang" on super-permanent magnets or on wedged stands.

Super-permanent magnets made of an alloy of rare-earth metals, developed by the Ural branch of the Academy of Sciences, doctor of technical sciences Shur, have a very large coercive force, for example, holds 1 square meter 96 tons with a thickness of 1 cm, this force will increase with an increase in thickness.

It is assumed that the weight of the empty vehicle will be equal to 1000-1200 tons, the payload of passengers is 500-550 tons, ve 100 passenger cars 120 tons. The total weight of 1600-1800 tons.

Considering that a vehicle with a length of 450 meters on two tiers can accommodate more than 7,500 people, the specific consumption of empty weight per person will not exceed 200 kilograms.

Figure 1 shows a high-speed ground vehicle on 4 pillars, side view;

figure 2 - vehicle on 3 supports, shifted along the highway by half l;

figure 3 - air tubular receiver for the entire length of the route with the input into the consumable receivers in the supports;

figure 4 is a cross section along aa;

figure 5 is a transverse section along BB, at the junction of the sections with a schematic view of the damping hydraulic cylinders;

Fig.6 is a section along BB showing the seats, intersection joint with damping hydraulic cylinders and a bellows, as well as a streamlined protective sheet, / section BB is shown in vertical projection of a fragment of articulated sections /.

Fig. 7 shows a node I of an intersection joint sealed by a bellows 9, reinforced by damping hydraulic cylinders 8, and closed externally by an annular streamlined, movable sheet 10. The greatest shift of the annular sheet at the turn of the track with a small radius of curvature on the side of the fuselage, then when turning on two sides the shift of the sheet 10 will be equal to 2Δ. There is no Δ = 0 on the axis of symmetry, on the roof, and on the bottom of the shift.

High-speed ground vehicle contains an integral movable and fixed part. The movable part - the fuselage 1, the movable part - supports 2. The movable part of the vehicle - the fuselage consists of the nose section 3, the middle 4 and the tail 5. The sections are interconnected with a limited rotation using the vertical axes 6 located on the axis of symmetry of the fuselage, damping hydraulic cylinders 7 for smooth turning and returning the sections to their original position, damping hydraulic cylinders 8, connecting the stringer to strengthen the intersection joint, the bellows 9, providing tightness, and a protective, streamlined annular sheet 10.

On the nose section 3 outside, above the level of the trough-shaped part of the support 2, on its front part, stabilizers 12 are automatically adjusted using laser sensors 11, and on the tail section 5, traditionally, the aircraft keel 13, stabilizer 14, which performs the functions of mainly aerodynamic brakes , lower on the fuselage mounted tail stabilizer 15, controlled automatically by a laser sensor 16.

Below, along the horizontal plane of the fuselage, on its axis of symmetry or equidistant from it, 1, 2 or 3 linear rotors are installed - steel rods 17. Quantitatively, how many linear rotors are needed, calculation, research and finds will show.

Under the influence of super-permanent magnets and super-electromagnets between the trough-shaped part of the support and the bottom of the fuselage, a powerful repulsive magnetic field-pillow is formed, an air cushion is added to it during the passage of the vehicle-fuselage, and an air-magnetic cushion 18 is obtained.

Along the route, a tubular air duct-receiver 19 with branches to each support in a consumable receiver 20 is laid.

Technical and economic advantages of the proposed technical solution is as follows:

- a relatively simple technical solution in embodiment, only a fuselage of articulated three sections is needed, which is much simpler than an airplane fuselage, and supports with a trough-like top, mainly from precast, monolithic reinforced concrete, mounted along the route over certain distances;

- high reliability, safety, since the movable part of the vehicle / fuselage / is always located in a trough-like bed, from where it is impossible to fall out if you wish;

- competitiveness with civil aviation is undeniable;

- saving the passenger’s time with delivering it directly to the city or to the outskirts of the city, where city transport always operates;

- Does not interfere or cut engineering communications, does not interfere with the movement of any type of ground transport in all directions;

- does not require alienation of land, with the exception of small plots of patch for support, does not cut agricultural land and does not interfere with the cultivation of land;

- transport is environmentally friendly, does not pollute the environment;

- in the near future, energy supply will be autonomous due to wind and solar energy, for example, wind energy can already be used today to provide the entire route with compressed air;

- relatively low energy costs due to the highest aerodynamic quality, as modern passenger airplanes have frontal resistance of 2/3, 3/4 of the wings and fairings of the folded landing gear, in the proposed technical solution, in addition to compensatory small stabilizers on the fuselage, there is no airplane without touching the ground, the proposed vehicle does not touch the ground, but is in a suspended position due to the magnetic air cushion, where the mover is a linear electric motor;

- the culture of transportation is increasing;

- Further prospects are opening up for the development and improvement of high-speed vehicles within the speed of sound.

Claims (6)

1. High-speed ground transportation system comprising a movable body with a direct rotor of a linear electric motor, a stator mounted on poles constructed on the track and made with superconducting coil cooled by liquid helium, super-electromagnets mounted on poles and the body with poles of the same name directed towards each other, creating repulsive effect in the form of a magnetic cushion, characterized in that the supports are made with trough-shaped upper parts oriented in the direction of movement and have a height no less than twice the size of the existing vehicle, in combination with super-electromagnets on the trough-like surface of the supports, super-permanent magnets are mounted on the bottom and bottom of the sides of the body, a compressed air supply receiver is installed in the lower part of each support, and a supply an automatically controlled valve is installed in the pipe with the possibility of supplying compressed air through an extensive system of pipes to the entire trough-shaped area of the support, as well as creating an additional emnoy forces purification snow support, ice and dust, the lower part of the receiver is connected to a supply pipe via a main pipe receiver, laid in the ground or in the tunnel passage along the entire length of the track. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable body has at least three sections - fore, middle and tail, each of which is equipped with stringers and is made with a length not less than the distance between the supports, ensuring the alternation of the location of the vehicle when driving from four reliance on three and from three to four. 3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that the body sections are interconnected with the possibility of limited rotation on vertical axes mounted on the axis of symmetry of the body, at the level of the bottom, floors and roof. 4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that the intersection joints are tightly interconnected by stringers with a ring bellows, and a streamlined ring sheet is attached to the stringers flush with the skin to the front section. 5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that to damp out possible vibrations of the nose and tail sections relative to the middle section due to the springiness of the bellows, as well as to smoothly return the body to its original straight position, damping hydraulic cylinders are installed at the levels of overlap, and to reduce voltage in the articulated joints stringers of the same level of two adjacent sections are connected by hydraulic cylinders, each of which is connected to a hydraulic cylinder of the same level, located behind the axis of symmetry of the body, and connected by damping pipes jaws to create additional rigidity from the cantilever turn and provide free damping rotation of the sections on turns. 6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that at the ends of the nose section on the sides and at the end of the tail section on the sides are stabilizers with the ability to counteract deflections of the nose and tail sections, and laser sensors are installed at the bottom of the ends of these sections to control the stabilizers .

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