RU2250377C2 - Piston machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention s designed for use in engine building, pump and compressor building as internal combustion engine, pump, compressor or gas expansion machine. Proposed machine contains cylinder, linear and piston coupled with cylinder by means of solids of revolution engaging with slot. Ring crossmember with running rollers arranged in curvilinear closed slot made on surface of outlet shaft is arranged in piston on bearings. Solids of revolution-running rollers-are installed on piston and are arranged in straight slots made longitudinal on inner surface of cylinder.

EFFECT: simplified design, reduced internal losses, increased efficiency.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to engine manufacturing, as well as to pump and compressor engineering, and can be used as an internal combustion engine - a source of mechanical energy for transport vehicles and other mobile and stationary consumers, a pump or compressor to create excess working pressure bodies and transportation (pumping) of gases, liquids, mixtures, suspensions, suspensions and other agents in various industries and economies, as well as an expander - devices for eduktsii working fluid pressure and produce mechanical work.

Known designs of rodless and crankless piston heat engines, such as, for example, the Balandin engine, piston Lapidus machine.

The engine of the Balandin (see: Balandin SS. Rodless internal combustion engines. - M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1972) contains a housing, cylinders, pistons, rods, connecting links, a crankshaft. In the Balandin engine, the reciprocating movement of the pistons, pairwise rigidly connected with the rods, into the rotational movement of the crankshaft is carried out using connecting links and cranks of the crankshaft.

The Lapidus piston machine (AS No. 1038487, F 01 B 9/08, publ. 1983) comprises a housing, a cylinder, a piston and an output shaft connected to the cylinder by means of overrunning clutch levers mounted on the shaft inside the piston in a “counter” direction to a friend.

Closest to the proposed piston machine is the design of a crank internal combustion engine according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. RU 2156871 C1, IPC 7 F 01 B 9/06, F 02 B 75/26. This crankless internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder, a sleeve and a piston connected to the cylinder by means of bodies of revolution included in the joint with a curved endless groove made on the outer surface of the piston; a precompressed spring is installed on the output shaft, one end of which rests on the shoulder of the output shaft, and the other on the lower end of the piston skirt, which leads to a decrease in average specific pressures in the joint “body of revolution - curved groove”.

The main disadvantages of such a crankless ICE are:

- increased work of friction due to the presence of the piston, in addition to the reciprocating, additional - rotational - component of motion, which increases mechanical losses and reduces the overall (effective) engine efficiency;

- the need to install between the piston and the output shaft of the pre-compressed spring, which leads to an increase in power costs to overcome the efforts of the spring and leads to a deterioration in engine performance;

- complication of the engine design, increasing the complexity and deterioration of the technological processes of installation and assembly of the main parts, as well as limiting the possibilities of its quick, easy and reliable start-up.

The basis of the invention is the solution to the problem of improving the technical and economic indicators of the engine: simplifying the design, reducing internal losses, increasing efficiency.

The solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that in the proposed piston machine containing a cylinder, a sleeve and a piston connected to the cylinder by means of rotation bodies included in the joint with the groove, according to the invention, an annular beam with running rollers located in a curved a closed groove made on the surface of the output shaft, and the aforementioned rotation bodies — the running rollers — are mounted on the piston and are located in straight grooves made longitudinally on the inner cylinder surface.

The main distinguishing features of such a piston machine are the following:

- rectilinear longitudinal grooves are made on the inner surface of the cylinder, of which there can be at least two and in which the running rollers are located, which prevents the piston from turning relative to the axis of the cylinder, reduces the friction due to the presence of only one reciprocating piston - a component of the movement, reduces mechanical losses and increases the overall (effective) engine efficiency;

- an annular traverse is placed in the piston, on which the bearings located in the piston bosses and the running rollers mounted in a curved closed groove made on the surface of the output shaft are mounted, which simplifies the design of the engine, reduces the complexity and improves the manufacturability of the processes of installation and assembly of its main parts , leads to a reduction in power costs to overcome internal resistance and to improve engine performance.

The invention (on the example of a two-stroke internal combustion engine) is illustrated by drawings, which show a structural diagram of a piston machine, in which Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a machine, Fig. 2 is a transverse section thereof, Fig. 3 is a diagram of a moving roller in curved closed groove of the output shaft.

The piston machine (figure 1, 2) contains a cylinder 1 with a sleeve 2, in which the piston 3 is located; rectilinear longitudinal grooves 4 are made on the inner surface of the cylinder, in which the running rollers 5 are mounted on the piston lateral surface. An annular traverse 6 is mounted on the piston, on which bearings 7 located in the piston bosses are mounted, and the running rollers 8 located in a curved, closed groove 9, made on the surface of the output shaft 10.

The principle of operation of the piston machine (for example, a two-stroke internal combustion engine) is as follows (Fig.1-3). In the process of combustion and expansion, the gases (working fluid) located in the cylinder cause the piston 1 to move from the internal (relative to the compression and combustion chamber) end position to the outside. Traveling rollers 5 mounted on the side surface of the piston move in grooves 4 rectilinearly in the longitudinal (relative to the axis of the cylinder) direction, protecting the piston from turning in the cylinder around its axis. In this case, the running rollers 8 are rolled into the groove 9 from the positions A that they occupied when the piston 1 was in the internal extreme position, to the positions B, corresponding to the piston 1 being in the external extreme position, due to which the output shaft is given a rotational movement relative to the cylinder axis. In the process of further movement of the piston 1 (from the outer end position to the inner), the running rollers 5 move in the grooves 4 in the opposite direction, and the running rollers 8 are rolled into the groove 9 from positions B to positions B (they are A), thereby ensuring continuous rotation output shaft. There is a process of compression of a fresh charge. At the end of compression, the combustion process of the mixture entering the cylinder begins. In the future, the considered processes are cyclically repeated. The movement of the pistons from the outer extreme to the inner position is ensured by the energy of the flywheel masses (or the work of other cylinders) of the piston machine.

The presented scheme of the piston machine provides the following technical advantages:

- reduced friction due to the presence of the piston only reciprocating component of the movement, which reduces mechanical losses and increases the overall (effective) engine efficiency;

- the absence of the need to install between the piston and the output shaft of the pre-compressed spring, which leads to a reduction in power costs to overcome internal resistance and to improve engine performance;

- simplifying the design of the engine, reducing the complexity and improving the manufacturability of the processes of installation and assembly of its main parts, as well as a significant improvement in the technical and economic characteristics of the piston machine as a whole.

A piston machine for converting the energy of the working fluid into mechanical work can be used as an internal combustion engine - a source of mechanical energy for transport vehicles and other mobile and stationary consumers, a pump or compressor to create excess pressure of the working fluid and transport (transfer) gases, liquids, mixtures, suspensions, suspensions and other agents in various industries and economies, as well as an expander - devices for reducing the pressure of the working fluid and production mechanical work.

Claims (1)

A piston machine comprising a cylinder, a sleeve and a piston connected to the cylinder by means of rotation bodies included in an articulation with a groove, characterized in that an annular beam with running rollers located in a curved closed groove made on the surface of the output shaft is placed in the piston on the bearings and the aforementioned bodies of revolution - the running rollers are mounted on the piston and are located in straight grooves made longitudinally on the inner surface of the cylinder.

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