RU2250126C2 - Distillation column - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: distillery industry.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with distillery industry, in particular with a distillation column. The distillation column contains mass-exchanging plates, each of which contains a panel with installed on it caps and guiding partitions, outflow and receiving tools. The column is supplied with a variable diameter cylindrical shell fixed to an edge of a mass-exchanged plate with its internal surface, at least three mounted perpendicularly to the panel supporting rods with adjusters. The guiding partitions are made in the form of mounted radially on the panel solid wafers, the length of which makes 0.62-0.91 of the panel radius. The outflow and receiving tools are made in the form of hollow cylinders. The supporting rods and the hollow cylinders of the outflow and receiving tools are installed coaxially to each other and placed one by one in the stagger order between the guiding partitions. At that the diameter of the upper edge of the cylindrical shell exceeds the diameter of its lower edge, and the height of the outflow tool is lower than the height of the upper edge of the shell and exceeds the height of the lower edge of an overlying shell from the panel. The invention allows to improve stability of operations of the device.

EFFECT: the invention ensures improved stability of operations of the device.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to contact devices for the implementation of the process of mass transfer between gas and liquid media and can be used, for example, in distillation columns in the production of rectified alcohol from crude alcohol.

Known mass transfer cap plate, including a plate with caps and overflow devices made in the form of cylindrical or prismatic glasses [1].

The disadvantage of this design is the uneven distribution of the liquid layer over the cross section of the plate.

A contact device is known, including a plate with caps, guide partitions mounted on the plate perpendicular to its plane, drain and receiving devices [2].

The disadvantage of this device is the short time spent bubbling a layer of liquid on the plate and the inability to adjust the plate in a horizontal plane.

The objective of the invention is to increase the intensity of mass transfer on the contact device by achieving a uniform distribution of vapor and liquid phases over the entire area of the plate and increasing the interaction time of the liquid and steam.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of this device is to increase the stability of the mass transfer plates and the distillation column as a whole.

The solution of the problem and the achievement of the above technical result is due to the fact that in the distillation column containing mass transfer plates, each of which contains a plate with caps and guide walls installed on it, drain and receiving devices, it is equipped with a mass transfer plate attached to the edge of the plate the inner surface of the cylindrical shell of variable diameter, at least three mounted support rods perpendicular to the plate with adjustable leveling devices, the guide walls are made in the form of solid plates radially mounted on the plate, the length of which is 0.62-0.91 radius of the plate, drain and receiving devices are made in the form of hollow cylinders, support rods and hollow cylinders of the drain and receiving devices are installed among themselves are coaxial and are staggered one by one between the guide walls, the diameter of the upper edge of the shell exceeding the diameter of the lower edge of the shell and the height of the drain less than the height of the upper edge of the shell and exceeds the height of the lower edge of the overlying shell from the plate.

The supply of the device with support rods with adjusting devices allows at the stage of installation of the distillation column to parry inaccuracies when installing a separate crib and achieve the horizontal position of each mass transfer plate located in the aforementioned crib, as well as adjust the inter-tray distance.

A cylindrical shell of variable diameter creates an enclosed space around the plate. When the plates move relative to each other, the lower edges of the smaller diameter of the shells of the overlying plates enter the space bounded by the upper edges of the shells of the underlying plates.

Thus, a “column in a column” is formed, limited by a set of shells located one above the other. The layer of liquid phase on the plate, penetrating into the space between the edges of the shells, plays the role of a water seal, preventing the exit of the gas phase into the space between the shells of the plates and the shell of the drawer.

The installation of the guide walls radially on the stove and the placement of drain and receiving devices between them in a staggered manner ensures a long interaction time of the gas and liquid phases on the plate. Radially mounted partitions also increase the rigidity of the slab according to the “reinforced membrane” power scheme.

Exceeding the diameter of the upper edge of the shell over the diameter of the lower edge allows you to move the plates in a vertical plane relative to each other during installation and adjustment and create a water seal in the gap between the overlying and underlying shell.

Since the distance from the upper edge of the shell to the plate is greater than the height of the drainage device, the overflow of the liquid phase from the plate to the plate through the edges of the shells is excluded.

The location of the lower edge of the overlying shell in the height interval between the upper edge of the underlying plate and the height of the drain device provides the formation of a water seal.

The ratio between the length of the guide walls and the radius of the plate is selected on the basis of calculated and experimental data.

The essence of the proposed device is illustrated by drawings, which depict: in Fig. 1 is a view of the mass transfer plate from above, in Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of a drawer with a set of mass transfer plates, in Fig. 3 is an embodiment of adjusting devices.

Distillation column 11 contains mass transfer plates.

The mass transfer plate includes a plate 1 with caps 2 mounted on it and guide baffles 3 located radially on the plate, a cylindrical shell 4 of variable diameter with upper 5 and lower 6 edges attached by its inner surface to the plate.

On the plate 1, perpendicular to its plane, support rods 7 with adjusting devices 8 are installed, which can be made in the form of a jack device, a screw pair, etc. The minimum number of rods should be three, based on the conditions of stable equilibrium, but can be increased if necessary. Drain 9 and receiving 10 devices are made in the form of hollow cylinders and are installed coaxially to each other and to the supporting rods 7.

Mass transfer plates are located inside the drawer with the shell of the drawer 11. When making the adjusting device in the form of a screw pair, the support rods 7 are threaded and installed with a lower cut with the possibility of threadless rotation in the sleeve 12. The middle part of the support rod 7 is fixed by means of a threaded connection in the nut 13, rigidly located in the upper part of the drain device 9. On the upper cut of the support rod 7 is installed a flywheel 14.

The device operates as follows. When installing a distillation column, the shell of the drawer 11 is first installed by means of a flange connection with the shell of the previous drawer. Then, inside the shell 11 of the drawer, mass transfer plates are placed one after another, the horizontal position of which is set using adjusting devices 8. When making adjusting devices in the form of, for example, a screw pair, Fig. 3, the adjustment is made by simply rotating the flywheel 4 in one direction or another.

The shell of the next drawer is installed on the collet finally filled with plates, and the installation process continues until the column is fully assembled.

After completion of the installation of the distillation unit, a separated liquid phase and steam are supplied in countercurrent flow. Upon receipt of the plate 1 through the receiving devices 10, the liquid begins to fill the corresponding sector, limited by two adjacent partitions, simultaneously moving to the center of the plate 1 and then to the sector with drain devices 9.

With the steady-state separation process, the movement of the liquid phase from the periphery of the plate 1 to its center and back to the periphery is maintained, thereby ensuring a sufficiently long liquid stay on the plate. The overflow of the liquid phase through the upper edge 5 is excluded, since the distance from the upper edge 5 to the plate 1 exceeds the height of the drain device 10.

The location of the lower edge 6 of the overlying shell in the height interval between the NEC and the NSP provides the creation of a water seal (G) in the space between adjacent shells, which prevents the steam from moving outside the plate 1 into the zone between the shell of the drawer 11 and the shells of 4 plates.

Thus, an increase in the stability of the distillation column is achieved due to the uniform distribution of the vapor and liquid phases over the plate, achieved by fine adjustment of the plate in the horizontal plane, adjustment of the distance between the plates, and an increase in the interaction time between liquid and steam.

Sources of information

1. P.S. Tsygankov, S.P. Tsygankov. Alcohol rectification guide. M .: Pishchepromizdat, 2001.

2. RF patent No. 2060766, cl. B 01 D 3/22, 1996.

Claims (1)

A distillation column containing mass transfer plates, each of which contains a plate with caps and guide walls installed on it, drain and receiving devices, characterized in that it is equipped with at least three cylindrical shells of variable diameter attached to the edge of the plate of the mass transfer plate, with at least three mounted support rods perpendicular to the plate with adjusting devices, guide walls made in the form of installed radials but on the plate of continuous plates, the length of which is 0.62-0.91 of the radius of the plate, the drain and receiving devices are made in the form of hollow cylinders, the supporting rods and hollow cylinders of the drain and receiving devices are installed coaxially between each other and are arranged one by one in a checkerboard pattern between guiding partitions, while the diameter of the upper edge of the shell exceeds the diameter of the lower edge of the shell, and the height of the drain device is less than the height of the upper edge of the shell and exceeds the height of the lower edge of the overlying shell from do you.

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