RU2249933C2 - Method for increasing plants biomass and survival rate on soil contaminated with petroleum - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods for phytomediation (phytorecultivation) of soil contaminated with petroleum.

SUBSTANCE: method involves planting perennial grasses into soil contaminated with petroleum, said perennial grasses being preliminarily grown for at least one growing period in non-contaminated soil and then replanted in soil contaminated with petroleum with their rootstocks and/or stolons and/or seedlings. Phytocultivation method may be used at earlier stages of soil contamination with petroleum to allow recultivation time to be reduced.

EFFECT: increased survival rate and yield of plants and reduced recultivation time.

2 cl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to methods for intensifying phytoremediation (phytoremediation) of oil-contaminated soils.

There is a known phytomeliorative reclamation method for oil-contaminated soils, according to which peat in the amount of 500 m ³ / ha or manure of 50 t / ha with the combined use of mineral fertilizers (N ₆₀ P ₄₀ K ₂₀ ), as well as unpolluted soil are introduced into the soil. After the introduction of the components, the soil is loosened to a depth of 15 cm, depending on the dose of pollution, after 1 month or 1 year they sow perennial grasses (Shilova I.I. Biological remediation of oil-contaminated lands in the taiga zone // Restoration of oil-contaminated soil ecosystems. M .: Science, 1988. P.159-168).

The disadvantage of this method is the low germination, survival and biomass of the grown plants, especially with severe soil contamination (22 l / m ² ).

A complex method is known, including sowing plant seeds. Sowing the seeds of plants in this method is carried out on special plots that have a gravel base, a clay-crushed stone screen, liquid permeable sides, delimited by drainage grooves. Oil-contaminated soil is brought into plots, dried, peat, mineral fertilizers are applied, all this is plowed and leveled. Then, activated sludge is applied to the surface of the resulting mixture, on which plant seeds are sown, fixed on top with a peat layer, after which the surface of the plot is moistened with a culture of hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms (Boronnikov V.D., Shekhovtsov P.V., Shekhovtsov P.V. Method for accelerated soil restoration contaminated with oil products. RF patent N 2066944, 1996, 5 S.).

The disadvantage of this method is the high complexity (excavation of oil-contaminated soil, transportation to the place of reclamation, preparation of a special site) and high material costs (10 cm peat per 1 m ² (1000 m ³ per 1 ha) and 0.5 kg / m ^{2 of} fertilizer (nitrofoski) (5000 kg per 1 ha).

The objective of the invention is to increase the survival and productivity of plants growing on oil-contaminated soils, and simplification of the process.

The problem is achieved by the characteristics indicated in the 1st claim that are common with the prototype, such as a method of growing perennial grasses on oil-contaminated soil, including planting perennial grasses in oil-contaminated soil, and distinctive, essential features, such as: perennial grasses are not pre-grown less than one growing season in uncontaminated soil, followed by planting in the soil with rhizomes, and / or stolons, and / or seedlings.

The technical result achieved by the above distinguishing features is an increase in biomass and plant survival.

Paragraph 2 of the formula specifies perennial herbs, preferably used in the method, namely, as perennial herbs use: hybrid clover (Trifolium hybridum L.), meadow clover (T.pratense L.), hedgehog team (Dactylis glomerata L), timothy grass (Phleum ineratense L.); boneless rump (Bromopsis inermis (Leys.) Holub.), creeping wheatgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds), creeping clover (T.repens L. )

The above distinguishing features each individually and all together are aimed at solving the problem and are significant. The use of the proposed combination of significant distinguishing features in the prior art is not found, therefore, the proposed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of “novelty”.

A single set of new essential features with common, well-known provides a solution to the problem, is not obvious to specialists in this field of technology and indicates that the claimed technical solution meets the patentability criterion of “inventive step”.

The invention is illustrated by a description of a specific, but not limiting example of implementation.

Example 1. In a soil contaminated with oil at a dose of 24 l / m ² after 3 and 4 years after the introduction of oil, seeds of hybrid clover (Trifolium hybhdum L.), meadow clover (T.pratense L.), creeping clover (T.repens L .), boneless rump (Bromopsis inermis (Leys.) Holub.), team hedgehogs (Dactylis glomerata L), creeping wheatgrass (Flytrigia repens (L.) Nevski), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), meadow timothy (Phleumratense) L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds). After three months after sowing, germination, biomass, and the percentage of plants surviving after this period were evaluated (Table 1).

Example 2. The experiment was carried out analogously to example 1. The difference was the planting of annual clover hybrid clover (Trifolium hybridum L.), meadow clover (T.pratense L), team hedgehog (Dactylis glomerata L), meadow timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.) , boneless rump (Bromopsis inermis (Leys.) Holub.), creeping wheatgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds) were planted with rhizomes; creeping clover (T.repens L.) - by stolons (Table 2). Uncontaminated soil from the roots and rhizomes of plants was washed away with water (a procedure that is skipped during the practical use of the method).

As can be seen from tables 1, 2, where Example 2 is the inventive method, when sowing seeds due to their low germination in oil-contaminated soil, as well as low survival and productivity of plants, the total phytomass in the contaminated areas was extremely small. The total biomass of plants of beechless rump, team hedgehogs, creeping wheatgrass, meadow timothy, meadow fescue was less than the biomass of plants sown in unpolluted soil (control experiment), tens of times, and hybrid clover, meadow clover, creeping clover, and yarrow - times (table 1).

Plants planted with seedlings and rhizomes exhibit greater resistance to oil pollution of the soil (Table 2). When plants were planted in such a way on contaminated sites three years ago, the total mass of plants of hybrid clover, meadow clover, creeping clover was less than in the control experiment, on average, about 9-12 times, boneless rump and wheat grass creeping 3-4, yarrow common at 8, the hedgehogs of the national team, timothy grass meadow, fescue meadow about 5-6 times. When planting seedlings and rhizomes in oil-contaminated soil 4 years after contamination, the total biomass of the plants of the hedgehog, meadow timothy, hybrid clover and meadow clover was about 4-5 times less than in uncontaminated sites, about 9 clover, common yarrow at 7 , boneless rump, meadow fescue and wheat grass creeping 2-4 times. Thus, by this method of planting, it is possible to obtain a greater biomass of plants on oil-contaminated soil than when sowing plants with seeds.

Table 1
Biomass, germination and survival of plants planted with seeds in the soil Type of plant Germination,% Plant survival,% Plant biomass, g / m ² Unpolluted soil Meadow clover 60.5 70.7 971.2 Hybrid clover 60,4 66.5 1045.2 Clover Creeping 62,2 69.3 905.2 Boneless Rump 75,2 86.8 1426.8 Wheat grass creeping 83,2 82.0 1441.6 Yarrow 57.0 72.3 791.6 Cocksfoot 85,2 81.6 1599.6 Timothy grass 90.3 73.3 1356.2 Meadow fescue 89.0 79.0 1484.8 Oil-contaminated soil 3 years after pollution Meadow clover 20.7 2.2 1.8 Hybrid clover 16.8 3.9 3.0 Clover Creeping 22.5 1,6 1,5 Boneless Rump 34.0 9.9 31.8 Wheat grass creeping 36.8 10.6 40.8 Yarrow 25.8 2,5 2.1 Cocksfoot 22.4 8.6 25,2 Timothy grass 25.3 8.8 20,4 Meadow fescue 20.9 18.5 37.8

End of table 1 Type of plant Germination,% Plant survival,% Plant biomass, g / m ² Oil-contaminated soil 4 years after contamination Meadow clover 27.0 4.4 3.6 Hybrid clover 21.9 4.7 4,5 Clover Creeping 32,7 4.0 5.1 Boneless Rump 38,4 16,2 48.6 Wheat grass creeping 39.6 15.9 66.9 Yarrow 27.3 6.6 5,4 Cocksfoot 26.9 14.2 86.4 Timothy grass 26.2 14.8 54.9 Meadow fescue 29.8 19.7 82,2

table 2
Biomass and survival of plants planted with rhizomes and annual seedlings in the soil Type of plant Plant biomass, g / m ² Plant biomass at the end of the experiment, g / m ² Plant survival,% Unpolluted soil Meadow clover 787.0 760.5 90.5 Hybrid clover 784.8 769.4 90.0 Clover Creeping 783.5 836.5 Boneless Rump 796.8 1140.6 Wheat grass creeping 784.9 1128.8 Yarrow 792.4 858.7 Cocksfoot 781.5 829.2 90.0 Timothy grass 804.1 862.2 92.2 Meadow fescue 788.9 1107.3 Oil-contaminated soil 3 years after pollution Meadow clover 783.6 78.8 9.5 Hybrid clover 791.9 79.3 11.2 Clover Creeping 799.4 67.7 Boneless Rump 801.2 316.4 Wheat grass creeping 796.2 454.2 Yarrow 782.4 109.9 Cocksfoot 790.8 181.3 23.3 Timothy grass 790.7 174.3 21.1 Meadow fescue 806.9 183.2

The end of table 2 Type of plant Plant biomass, g / m ² Plant biomass at the end of the experiment, g / m ² Plant survival,% Oil-contaminated soil 4 years after contamination Meadow clover 799.5 168.6 21,2 Hybrid clover 787.7 164.8 25.0 Clover Creeping 801.9 89.8 Boneless Rump 814.5 485.9 Wheat grass creeping 793.3 320,4 Yarrow 806.1 118.3 Cocksfoot 804.7 221.0 27.6 Timothy grass 792.3 196.1 24.4 Meadow fescue 793.9 289.6

Claims (2)

1. A method of growing perennial grasses on oil-contaminated soil, including planting perennial herbs in oil-contaminated soil, characterized in that perennial grasses are pre-grown for at least one vegetative period in unpolluted soil, followed by planting in the soil with rhizomes, and / or stolons, and / or seedlings . 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as perennial herbs use hybrid clover (Trifolium hybridum L.), meadow clover (T.pratense L.), hedgehog team (Dactylis glomerata L.), timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.), boneless rump (Bromopsis mermis (Leys.) Holub.), Creeping wheatgrass (Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds), creeping clover (T .repens L.).