RU2249349C2 - Preparation for treating ascospherosis in bees - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: apiculture.

SUBSTANCE: the suggested preparation to treat ascospherosis in bees contains, weight%: nystatin 26-32, thymol 5-9, atox 54-60, furacillin 5-9. The present innovation enables to broaden the number of preparations of high curative action.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of therapy.

3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of beekeeping. Use of the drug for the treatment of bee ascospherosis.

Ascospherosis is a contagious disease of bee and drone larvae and pupae caused by Ascosphaera apis (A. apis) fungi. Affected larvae lose their elasticity, turn into calc-white hard lumps that adhere to the cell walls. Honeycombs, beehives, inventory are treated with 10% hydrogen peroxide solution with the addition of 0.5% formic acid. Weak families unite, reinforce, reduce nests. For treatment, nystatin is most often used [1].

Nystatin is used for ascospherosis of bees according to the instructions [2]. Its main disadvantage is that due to its widespread use, the resistance of the fungus to it develops and the effectiveness of the treatments is significantly reduced.

Known aqueous solution of ascocin used to combat bees ascospherosis, the active substance of which is propiconosol (2- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) -4-propyl-2- (1n-1,2,4-triazolyl-1-methyl) - 1,3-dioxolone) [3]. The main disadvantage of the ascocin preparation is the presence in its formulation of organic solvents and emulsifiers, which have a negative effect on bees. The technology for producing the drug is multistage, which affects its price.

To combat bee ascospherosis, a drug is known - ascostat. This preparation is an oil concentrate of nystatin in combination with active ingredients (thymol) [4], [5]. The disadvantage of this drug is that the treatments are carried out in the early spring and spring, and this does not guarantee the prevention of ascospherosis in the summer and autumn periods, an insufficient degree of effectiveness, and a small breadth of action spectrum.

The objective of the invention is to expand the range of available drugs with highly effective therapeutic effect, as well as safe for bees and the health of the beekeeper.

Based on the analysis of scientific and practical research, a preparation is proposed that additionally contains atox and furatsilin.

Atox (silicon dioxide, aerosil GOST 14922) is a highly dispersed, non-volatile white powder, consisting of 99.9% silicon dioxide (SiO ₂ ). The particle sizes are 5-20 nm, and the specific surface area is 280-360 m ² / g. Insoluble in water, acids and alkalis. Without smell. The aqueous suspension has a slightly acidic reaction. It has a high adsorption ability, can affect the structure of biomolecules during biochemical reactions in the body. There are no impurities in the atox that adversely affect animals and the quality of the products obtained.

For the treatment of bees, the drug is prepared from the following components, wt.%:

Nystatin 26-32

Thymol 5-9

Atox 54-60

Furatsilin 5-9

The drug contains (g / l syrup):

Nystatin 1.0-1.5

Thymol 0.25-0.3

Atox 1.5-2.0

Furatsilin 0.2-0.25

It is used with sugar syrup (1: 1), two to three times with an interval of 7 days.

Examples of specific performance.

The drug is prepared in three versions.

1 option, in wt.%:

Nystatin 26

Thymol 8

Atox 60

Furacilin 6

total 100.0

Option 2, in wt.%:

Nystatin 28

Thymol 7

Atox 58

Furacilin 7

total 100.0

3 option, in wt.%:

Nystatin 32

Thymol 5

Atox 54

Furacilin 9

total 100.0

It was established by experiments that of the proposed options, the second is optimal.

When testing the drug in these concentration options, its effectiveness was about 86%. The decrease, as well as the increase in concentration did not lead to an increase in the effectiveness of the treatments.

The drug was prepared as follows: took g / l syrup:

Nystatin 1.0

Thymol 0.25

Atox 2.00

Furacilin 0.25

only 3.5

To determine the optimal parameters, experiments were carried out with other values of the components:

Nystatin 0.50

Thymol 0.125

Atox 1.00

Furacilin 0.125

total 1.75

Nystatin 1.50

Thymol 0.5

Atox 4.00

Furacilin 0.50

only 7.0

The indicated ratios of components in the preparation gave lower efficacy (these values are outside the scope of the claims). This is confirmed by tables 1 and 2.

To determine the activity of the drug used its aqueous solution. The study was carried out in laboratory conditions by the method of disks.

A solution and suspension of spores with a density of 200 thousand in 1 ml (0.02 ml) was pipetted (0.02 ml) onto disks in sterile Petri dishes. In this case, the optimal amount of the drug was determined. As a control, infected discs without a drug were used. These Petri dishes were incubated in a thermostat at a temperature of 30 ° C for 10 days, taking into account the growth of the mycelium of the pathogen ascospherosis of bees. Evaluation of the fungistatic activity of the drug was carried out according to the diameter of the fungal colonies in the experiment compared with the control. The results are presented in table 1.

Table 1 Concentration The diameter of the colony A. a] pis (mm) M ± m preparation, g / l 3 days 5 days 7 days 10 days 7.0 11.0 ± 1.7 15.3 ± 1.2 19.7 ± 0.9 25.7 ± 1.8 3,5 6.3 ± 1.5 8.7 ± 0.9 10.0 ± 1.2 12.7 ± 0.9 1.75 20.7 ± 1.2 27.0 ± 1.5 37.3 ± 1.9 46.3 ± 1.2

The control 22.3 ± 1.5 49.7 ± 1.8 69.0 ± 1.5 88.0 ± 1.3 Where, M is the mean value, and m is the standard deviation.

As can be seen from the table, the test substance has a high fungicidal activity (at a concentration of 3.5 g / l). When using the drug in a higher (7.0) and lower (1.75) g / l concentration, the activity is significantly reduced.

Production experiments were performed on an apiary dysfunctional in ascospherosis. In the first series of experiments, two groups of bee families were formed - analogues, 30 families each. At the same time, the strength of families, the number of brood and the degree of its defeat were taken into account. The test group was fed the drug with sugar syrup at the recommended dose, and the control received regular sugar syrup. The treatments were performed twice with an interval of seven days. The effectiveness of the drug was judged by the defeat of the brood before and after the experiment. For laboratory studies, several larvae were selected from both groups for the presence of Ascosphaera apis fungus in the brood. The data obtained are presented in table 2.

table 2 Gr. and / s Amount struck. After 7 days After 14 days After 21 days lich 1 frame, at the beginning of the experiment Amount struck. larvae Effect
tivness,% Amount struck. larvae Effect
tivness,% Amount struck. larvae Effect
tivness,% experience 2.2 1,2 46 0.7 68 0.3 86 cont
role 2,3 1.9 17 1.7 26 1.7 26

From the table it follows that the use of the drug gives a high therapeutic effect.

In the second series of experiments conducted in the apiary, five groups of 10 families each were formed. Families were treated with each ingredient individually. It turned out that on the 21st day of the experiment, nystatin at a dose of 1,000,000 U (1 g) per liter of sugar syrup reduced the number of affected larvae by 35.2%, thymol at a dose of 0.25 g / l - 19.3%, furatsilin at a dose of 0, 25 g - 26.2% and atox at a dose of 2.0 g per liter - 5.3%. The minimum dose in our experiments (1.74 g / per liter) reduced the brood damage rate by 40%, and the maximum (7.0 g / l) - by 46.7%.

We enclose the second version of table 2, which includes the results of processing with exorbitant values of the ingredients. The effectiveness of 40.0 and 46.7%, i.e. the effectiveness of the optimal dose of 86% is maximum.

table 2 Dose of the drug Amount struck. After 7 days After 14 days After 21 days larvae per one frame at the beginning of the experiment Amount struck. larvae % Amount struck. larvae % Amount struck. larvae % Minimum Dose (1.75 g / L) 2.2 1.87 15.0 1.32 35.0 1.30 40,0 The optimal dose (3.5 g / l) 2.2 1,2 46.0 0.7 68.0 0.3 86.0 Maximum Dose (7.0 g / L) 2.2 1,6 26.0 1.3 40,0 1,03 46.7 Clean control 2,3 1.9 17.0 1.7 26 1.7 26.0

From the data given in the table, it can be seen that the highest therapeutic effect was obtained in the group of bees that were treated with the drug in an optimal dose of 3.5 g / l sugar syrup 1: 1 and amounted to 86.0%. Halving the dose of the drug to 1.75 g / l (minimum dose) reduced the effectiveness of the treatments by 46%. Increasing the dose of the drug to 7.0 g / l (maximum dose) did not cause the expected increase in effectiveness and it amounted to 46.7%, which is associated with poor bee-eaten by the treatment syrup.

The drug used is the most convenient to use, environmentally friendly and effective tool. The drug has a complex effect, reduces the pathogenic effect of the fungus on the bees. Non toxic It can be used by every beekeeper.

Sources of information

1. Krivtsov N.I., Lebedev V.I., Tunikov G.M. Beekeeping. - M .: Kolos, 1999, p. 379-380.

2. Guidance on the use of nystatin in ascospherosis of bees, approved. GUV Gosagroprom of the USSR, 07/31/1989.

3. USSR copyright certificate No. 355008, cl. B 27 K 3/40, 1972.

4. Patent No. 2147177, cl. A 01 K 51/00, 1998.

5. Smirnov A.M., Ignatyev G.I., Sokhlikov A.B. New approaches to the treatment of bee ascospherosis. Beekeeping No. 3 - 1999, p.20-22.

Claims (1)

The drug for the treatment of bees from ascospherosis, consisting of nystatin and thymol, characterized in that it additionally contains atox and furatsilin with the following components, wt.%: Nystatin 26-32 Thymol 5-9 Atox 54-60 Furatsilin 5-9