RU2248883C1 - Method of production of coal briquettes out of coal powder and device for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods and the equipment for production of briquettes out of different powder materials.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is dealt with methods and the equipment for production of briquettes out of different powder materials including coal powder. The method of production of briquettes out of a coal powder by its compaction up to a monolithic condition includes the powder passing through a lead-through chamber communicating with environment, formation in it an excess density of corpuscles of the powder corresponding to a monolithic state. The powder in the monolithic state is released from the lead-through chamber into the environment in the direction opposite to the direction of the powder squeezing at a speed not exceeding the speed of squeezing of the loosened coal powder. The device of production of briquettes out of a coal powder includes a chamber filled with the indicated powder and a work tool for the forced constant delivery of the powder into the chamber. The chamber is made with a capability of motion in respect to the work tool for the forced feeding of the powder and across the direction of the powder feeding. In result the invention ensures a decrease of power input and an increase of effectiveness of production of briquettes out of the coal powder.

EFFECT: the invention ensures a decrease of power input and an increase of effectiveness of production of briquettes out of the coal powder.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and equipment for the production of briquettes from various powder materials, including coal powder.

Known methods for the manufacture of briquettes by pressing in closed briquette chambers of various presses. In these methods, a dose of, for example, loose coal powder is immediately poured into the briquette chamber of the press, and it is compressed in it with a punch to the size of the briquette. In this case, the mass of compressible coal remains constant, and the volume decreases by the movement (pressure) of the punch.

Coal briquetting is currently carried out in large briquette factories using energy-intensive and bulky stamp presses and sometimes ring presses with a capacity of tens of tons per hour (see TSB, t.4, p.32, st. Briquetting).

There is also known a method of producing briquettes from coal powder by compaction to a monolithic state and a device for its implementation, including a chamber filled with powder, and a device for forced constant supply of powder into the chamber (RU 2147994 C1, 09/23/1998).

It would be most expedient to create small mobile briquette plants at local solid fuel stores and in other places where coal fines are formed.

Such installations would pay off in 1-2 years and could be applied in all areas of the country, reducing the deficit in local fuel and transportation costs for its delivery. However, to create such small installations, the principle of reducing the volume of coal powder by compressing it in the matrix channel of the stamp press or between the rotating press ring and the disk in the tapering matrix channel of the ring press is unsuitable due to the bulkiness, significant energy consumption (more than 30%) of coal friction in the chamber press and matrix channels, wear of chamber walls, etc.

At the same time, the phenomenon of squeezing coal is known in mining technology (see, for example, the journal “Science and Life”, No. 11 for 1978, p. 44-45.)

The essence of this phenomenon is that the mountain pressure acting on the coal seam in the lava from above, from below, from the sides squeezes the coal in one direction - towards the face, where the worked out space has formed.

In this case, the coal itself breaks into pieces. As the pieces of coal are separated from the formation, the rock pressure in it is redistributed, and the pressing zone is gradually shifted inland. Thus, under the influence of rock pressure, the entire layer may crumble. Moreover, for each specific condition, its own speed of such a spontaneous destruction process sets itself. It can be so small that the spinning process is practically not observed, and can reach such a value that you only need to have time to choose coal before it is covered with rocks that are left without support.

Although this phenomenon is known, the idea of using it to develop a coal seam is still far from practical implementation.

At the same time, this phenomenon can be created artificially, but it can be used not for destruction, but on the contrary, for creation - obtaining dense briquettes.

The basis of the invention is the creation of a briquetting method based on the natural phenomenon of squeezing coal, as well as a device for its implementation, through which it is possible to reduce energy consumption and increase the efficiency of production of briquettes from coal powder and other powder materials.

The problem is solved in that in the method for producing briquettes from coal powder by compacting it to a monolithic state to obtain a monolithic state, the powder is passed through a passage that communicates with the environment in which the briquetted powder is injected into the chamber and creates an excess compared to equilibrium stationary “flowing” concentration of powder particles corresponding to a monolithic state determined by the fact of visible extraction of loose coal powder from a passage bottom of the chamber into the environment. Moreover, the powder in a monolithic state is released from the passage chamber into the environment in the direction opposite to the extraction of the powder at a speed not exceeding the spin speed of the loosened coal powder.

And also the fact that the outlet of the passage chamber for the exit of the powder in a monolithic state is performed corresponding to the cross section of the briquette.

In addition, the release of the powder in a monolithic state is carried out by moving the camera elements in the direction opposite to the spin direction of the loosened coal powder from it.

The problem is also solved by the fact that in the device for implementing the method, comprising a chamber filled with a sealable powder and a device for forced constant supply of powder into the chamber, the chamber is arranged to move it relative to the device for forced powder supply, and the device for forced powder supply is made with the ability to supply an excess amount of powder into the chamber transverse to the direction of movement of the chamber.

In addition, the camera can be made with the possibility of squeezing the powder from it in one direction.

The method is as follows.

Coal powder, through, for example, estrus, is fed into the passage chamber directly below the surface of the pumping working body swung above the cavity. The camera can be made, for example, in the form of an open at least on one side of the mold or formed, for example, by elements of a plate conveyor with transverse walls extending between two longitudinal walls. In this case, to obtain the same briquette sizes, the camera is divided into cells corresponding to the briquette sizes. With each swing of the pumping working element, a densified layer is formed under it in the upper part of the chamber, which is displaced into the chamber under the influence of the subsequent compacted layer. Thereby, the inverse (top to bottom) movement of the compacted layers is forced, and a stationary “fluid” concentration corresponding to the density of the monolithic state, determined by the fact of loosening the loosened coal powder from the chamber into the environment, for example, into the unfilled part of the mold, self-creates.

When such a state is reached, a monolithic powder layer is taken out of the passage chamber in the direction opposite to the powder extraction by, for example, translational movement of the form under the pumping working element at a speed corresponding to the powder extraction speed.

The monolithic layer formed in this way after separation is divided into finished briquettes. Moreover, if the cavity is divided into identical cells, then the briquettes of the same shape and size are obtained, and if the cavity is not divided, then the briquettes are obtained of arbitrary shape and size.

The invention allows briquetting a wide range of powder materials, primarily from screenings of hard and brown coals in places of their accumulation, as well as peat, various ores and various wastes.

Figure 1 shows one of the schemes for implementing a device for producing briquettes from coal powder. Figure 2 shows a section along aa in figure 1. In the drawing, the following notation:

1 - supporting element;

2 - longitudinal sides;

3 - plate conveyor;

4 - transverse sides;

5 - camera corresponding to the size of the briquettes;

6 - drive conveyor movement;

7 - pumping working body;

8 - drive swing working body;

9 - estrus bunker for feeding (adding) coal powder under a swinging working body;

10 - enclosing walls;

11 - safety plates;

12 - coal powder;

13 - a layer of pressed coal;

14 - coal briquettes;

15 - conveyor selection of finished briquettes.

A device for producing coal powder briquettes consists of a support element 1, on which longitudinal sides 2 and a plate conveyor 3 are mounted, on the plates of which transverse sides are fixed 4. The longitudinal sides are mounted so that a chamber 5 is formed between them and the conveyor plates. Plate conveyor equipped with a movement drive 6. The device also includes a device for forced constant supply into the chamber of an excess amount of briquetted powder. It consists of a pumping working member 7, a swinging drive of the working member 8, a mortar hopper 9 for feeding (adding) coal powder under the swinging working member, the enclosing walls 10 and the safety plate 11.

The operation of the device is as follows. Turn on the swing drive of the working body 8 and pour coal powder 12 into the hopper-estrus 9, which from the heat enters the chamber 5 directly under the surface of the swinging working body 7. When swinging, the working body 7 moves to the chamber 5 and vice versa. In this case, the working body pumps the powder poured under it through the chamber. When the concentration of powder particles in the chamber corresponding to the density of the monolithic state is reached, the extraction of loose coal 13 begins predominantly in one open side from the chamber.

After the occurrence of the spin-off phenomenon of the coal, the conveyor 6 is driven. The camera 5 is progressively moved in the direction opposite to the spin. The speed of such movement is set equal to or less than the speed of the pressed coal powder. Ready briquettes 14 fall out of the cells of the chamber during its revolution and fall on the conveyor for the selection of finished briquettes 15.

Claims (5)

1. A method of producing briquettes from coal powder by compaction to a monolithic state, characterized in that to obtain a monolithic state, the powder is passed through a passage through a chamber communicating with the environment, in which, using a pumped into the chamber stream of briquetted powder, an excess stationary compared to equilibrium the concentration of powder particles corresponding to the monolithic state determined by the fact of the visible spin of the loosened coal powder from the passage chamber to the surroundings y, wherein the powder is in block state is discharged from the entrance chamber into the environment in the opposite spin powder at a rate not exceeding the rate of spin of the expanded carbon powder. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the passage chamber for the exit of the powder in a monolithic state is performed corresponding to the cross section of the briquette. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the release of the powder in a monolithic state is carried out by moving the camera elements in the direction opposite to the spin direction of the loosened coal powder from it. 4. A device for producing briquettes from coal powder, containing a chamber filled with said powder and a device for forced constant supply of powder into the chamber, characterized in that the chamber is arranged to move it relative to the device for forced powder supply, and the device for forced powder supply is made with the ability to supply an excess amount of powder into the chamber transverse to the direction of movement of the chamber. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the camera is made with the possibility of squeezing the powder from it in one direction.

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