RU2248507C2 - Inertialess gas generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fluid heaters.

SUBSTANCE: inertialess gas generator casing receives gasification chamber, hopper for fuel with charging hole, chamber for ash provided with a device for supply and control of primary air, fire pipe provided with a device for supply and control of secondary air for combustion of gas, and inertialess heat exchange device. The inertialess heat exchange device comprises heating passages provided with members for intensifying heat exchange. The heating passages provide the maximum intensification of heat exchange and turbulization of flow of combustion fuel products and fluid to be heated. The ring device for supply and control of the secondary air for burning out of gases generated and supply of incandescent combustion products to the inertialess heat exchanger is mounted outside the gas-generating chamber.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heating and hot heat supply and can be used:

- in industry for the autonomous heating of industrial and office buildings and the production of hot water for industrial and business needs of enterprises and institutions;

- in agriculture for the production of hot water and autonomous heating of livestock farms, greenhouse greenhouses and stand-alone facilities;

- in other areas: for the production of hot water and autonomous heating of residential buildings, cottages, apartments of residential high-rise buildings, buildings of hospitals, schools, kindergartens and other housing and communal and municipal municipal facilities; for example, for heating military barracks, border outposts, customs posts, as well as for equipping freight, postal, passenger and other railway cars.

A device [1] is known, which is a solid fuel gas generator, comprising a housing with a lining and a furnace door, a movable grate, a fuel hopper with a loading hatch, a vault divider, rotary blades, an ash chamber with a device for feeding and regulating the primary air, a flame tube with a device for supplying and regulating secondary air for venting gas.

The operation of the device is based on the gasification of solid fuel during its combustion and the supply of combustible gas to the flame tube for afterburning with further supply to the heating devices.

The disadvantages of the device are:

- the ability to operate the device only in conjunction with hot water or steam boilers,

- the absence of a heat exchange device for air heating of the premises directly in the gas generator,

- the absence of a heat exchange device for heating the liquid directly in the gas generator.

These disadvantages cause a relatively low efficiency and a limited scope of the device, used only in conjunction with hot water or steam boilers.

A device is proposed - a solid fuel gas generator, comprising a housing, a gasification chamber, a movable grate, a fuel hopper with a loading hatch, a vault divider, rotary blades, an ash chamber with a device for supplying and regulating primary air, a heat pipe with a feed device and regulation of secondary air for gas afterburning. An annular inertialess heat exchange device with heat transfer intensifiers is placed in the body of the gas generator, into which the products of fuel combustion are fed after they have been burned.

In the present invention, the annular device for supplying and regulating secondary air is perforated with holes and placed on the outside of the gasification chamber, covering the latter on the outside in such a way as to allow passage and afterburning of the maximum amount of combustible gas generated during gasification of fuel.

In the proposed gas generator, the ring inertialess heat exchanger is arranged coaxially with the gasification chamber and the fuel hopper. The coaxial arrangement of the gasification chamber, the inertialess heat exchanger and the fuel hopper provides for the preliminary heating and drying of the fuel located in the hopper.

The action of the proposed device is based on the known method of converting solid fuel into thermal energy by gasification with the subsequent organization of intense heat exchange between incandescent products of combustion and the heated medium (air, water).

Thus, the inertialess gas generator operates in two consecutive and continuous stages:

- gasification of fuel and combustion of a mixture of combustible gases,

- intense heat transfer.

Gasification is the process of completely transforming solid fuel into a gaseous state. Gaseous fuel in comparison with solid has several advantages. The gas combustion temperature is higher than the fuel combustion temperature. Gas requires less air than solid fuel, which reduces heat loss.

Intensive heat transfer between incandescent products of combustion and heated air (water) occurs in the inertialess heat exchanger located directly in the case of the inertialess gas generator. The maximum intensification of heat transfer occurs on the guide elements of the intensifiers and is caused by axial swirl (for example, clockwise) and maximum turbulization of the flow of hot gases washing the outer surface of the heat exchange channel, as well as axial swirl (for example, counterclockwise) and maximum turbulization of air (water) ) washing the outer surface of the heat exchange channel. As a result, the effective length of the heat exchange channel is not limited to the linear dimensions of the heat exchange device and can significantly exceed them.

The zones of effective heat transfer are heat exchange channels, which ensures efficient removal of heat from hot gases. This leads to the fact that the same volume of fuel, compared with [1], can be consumed with less heat loss, therefore, with higher efficiency (Efficiency).

With an increase in the effective path of the passage of hot gases and an increase in the effective path of the heated medium (air, water), the effective heat exchange area increases due to the multiple washing of the flows during their axial swirling. When countercurrent translational and rotational movements of two flows separated by a heat exchange channel are realized, heat exchange between them occurs with the highest possible intensity. The optimal pitch and angle of the guide elements of the internal and external heat transfer intensifiers is selected by calculation for each specific device design.

Using an inertialess gas generator, a scheme of air or water heating of buildings and premises can be implemented, where, for example, water or other liquid, heated in the device, can circulate through the heating circuit, and heated air can be distributed through air ducts to parts of the building remote from the device or premises.

In the proposed device, the preheating and drying of the fuel in the hopper is provided by the heat of hot combustible gases moving in a heat exchanger and repeatedly washing the outer wall of the gasification chamber, which ensures the stability of thermal processes during the combustion and gasification of fuel of almost any moisture content. Accordingly, the stability of the inertialess gas generator is ensured. This eliminates the need for preliminary fuel preparation and significantly reduces the requirements for fuel moisture. The proposed device can operate both on solid fuel (coal, firewood, peat, sawdust, biofuel, etc.), including high-moisture solid fuel, and on all types of non-toxic waste with continuous or discrete feed from a special hopper. There is the possibility of thermal, waste-free processing of unprepared household waste and the organization of lines for the industrial utilization of household waste based on inertialess gas generators.

In addition, the proposed device can be equipped with devices for solving a number of additional tasks, in addition to heating water and air, for example: a stove for heating and cooking, an oven for baking or heating food, appliances for drying dishes, things, a fireplace window, etc. .

The proposed device can work both due to natural traction, and during artificial injection or suction of air using a reversible fan through a heat exchanger of the gas generator. By changing the flow rate of the fan, it is possible to control the temperature of the heated medium at the outlet of the heat exchanger. The organization of the forced movement of the heated medium (air, water) from top to bottom in countercurrent to the heating medium (incandescent combustible gases) provides even better conditions for the intensification of heat transfer.

In the proposed device, inside the device for supplying and regulating the secondary air, it is possible to place a catalyst for the catalytic purification of flue gases, ensuring environmental friendliness of the inertialess gas generator.

In the inertialess gas generator, the specific density of thermal energy removed from a unit volume of the device substantially increases, and its thermal inertia is determined by the high efficiency of the inertialess heat exchange device, at the output of which, almost immediately after ignition, you can get hot air or hot water.

The main technical problems to which the invention is directed are:

- increase the efficiency of the device,

- the possibility of maximum heating of the air due to maximum turbulization and axial flow swirl,

- the possibility of maximum heating of the fluid due to maximum turbulization and axial swirl of the flow,

- increase the specific amount of heat removed from a unit volume of the surface of the heat exchanger,

- reducing linear dimensions and achieving maximum compactness of the device.

The specified set of features provides a solution to the above technical problems in all cases of using the invention.

The indicated differences of the described device, in comparison with [1], allow us to talk about the extended useful functions of the device and the scope of its application, as well as determine the best characteristics, namely, higher efficiency, which leads to lower fuel consumption of any heat source used.

In addition, the described device is logical and easy to manufacture.

The above indicates that there is a causal relationship between the distinguishing features and the technical result. Achievable specified technical result when using the proposed method determines a socially useful result:

- profitability - reducing fuel consumption by the device;

- compactness - increasing the specific amount of heat removed from a unit volume of a gas generator;

- thermal inertia,

- the continuity of work in time with a continuous supply of fuel and the increase in battery life with a single load of fuel;

- the possibility of thermal waste-free processing of unprepared household and industrial waste;

- extended consumer characteristics of the device and scope;

- high environmental performance of the gas generator is determined by the implementation of the gas generation mode with the possibility of burning combustible gases on the catalysts.

According to the information available to the applicant, the proposed set of essential features characterizing the inertialess gas generator is unknown from the prior art, therefore, the invention has novelty.

As follows from the above, the essence of the claimed invention does not follow for a specialist explicitly from the prior art. The set of features characterizing the known gas generators does not provide a new technical result and obtaining new properties that are inherent in the present invention. Therefore, the present invention meets the criterion of inventive step.

The present invention can be used in the energy, petrochemical industry in the form of a new inertia-free gas-generating heating device and a more efficient, reliable principle of operation. The invention can repeatedly provide the specified technical result, which allows us to conclude that the industrial applicability of the invention.

The essence of the proposed device is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

- figure 1 is an embodiment of an inertialess gas generator for integrated heating of water and air;

- figure 2 is an embodiment of an inertialess gas generator for convective heating of air;

- figure 3 is an embodiment of an inertialess gas generator for heating air with forced pumping by a compressor.

The figures show the design elements of the gas generator, as well as the direction of movement of various media interacting with each other during operation of the device: lower air pressure box - 1, inlet of the heated medium (cold air) - 2, inlet pipe - 3, heat transfer channel - 4, housing - 5, the guiding elements of the external heat transfer intensifier - 6, the outlet of the heated medium (hot air) - 7, the nozzle - 8, the upper air-pressure duct - 9, the fuel hopper - 10, the hopper cover - 11, the fuel - 12, the nozzle - 13, heating medium output s (fuel combustion products) - 14, the guiding elements of the internal heat transfer intensifier - 15, the gasification chamber for fuel - 16, the door for firing up fuel - 17, the inlet pipe of the ash collector for supplying and regulating primary air - 18, the device for supplying and regulating secondary air - 19, perforated openings of the secondary air supply and control device - 20, the grate - 21, the ash collector - 22, the ash collector door for ash removal - 23, the inlet of the secondary air supply and control device Ear - 24, a reversible fan - 25, the heated water (liquid heated medium) - 26, metering-film forming apparatus for supplying water to the heat exchange channel - 27, water inlet device for collecting heated water - 28, the heated water - 29, the fan - 30.

The proposed device operates as follows.

Solid fuel combustion in a non-inertia gas generator occurs in three stages:

- ignition of fuel and flame burning to partial carbonization,

- the process of coking and gasification of solid fuels,

- the combustion process of a mixture of combustible gases.

In the process of gasification, solid fuel 12, when primary oxygen of the air is supplied from the pipe 18, which is supplied to the lower part of the gasification chamber 16, is heated and decomposes into hot carbon and water vapor. The interaction of hot carbon with oxygen occurs at high temperature, followed by the reaction of the formation of carbon dioxide CO ₂ and carbon monoxide CO, which is the main component obtained during gasification of combustible gas. Hydrogen, methane and other combustible gases are formed during the high-temperature decomposition of resins and oils contained in solid fuels. The resulting mixture of combustible gases is squeezed down and passes through the annular device 19 for supplying and regulating secondary air, perforated with holes. The supply and regulation of the secondary air is carried out through the pipe 24. The incandescent combustible gases, when interacting with the oxygen of the secondary air, ignite and burn with a high-temperature smokeless flame. The incandescent products of combustion enter the guiding elements 6 of the external heat transfer intensifier located on the outer surface of the heat exchange channel 4, in which the axial swirl and maximum turbulization of the flow of incandescent gases occur. The effective path traveled by the hot products of combustion to the outlet pipe 13 increases many times, which leads to an increase in the amount of heat transferred to the heat exchange channel 4 from the hot products of combustion, namely, to an increase in the heating temperature of the heat exchange channel 4.

The ambient air 2 (Fig. 1, 2) due to thermal convection (natural circulation mode) enters from below into the heat exchange channels 4 to the guiding elements 15 of the internal heat transfer intensifiers located on the internal surfaces of the heat exchange channels 4, while experiencing multiple axial twists on the inner surface heat exchange channels. In this case, the effective path traveled by the heated air 2 increases many times, which leads to an increase in the amount of heat transferred to the heated air 7 from the heat exchange channel 4, namely, to an increase in the temperature of heating the air 7 supplied to the room. In this case, the air temperature 7 at the outlet of the heat exchange channels 4 will be invariably high, and the air heating time will be determined only by its transit time t ₁ through the heat exchange channel 4. This ensures fast, inertialess heating of the air in the proposed device. The gas generator acquires the properties of thermal inertia.

The effective length of the heat transfer channels 4 is not limited to the linear dimensions of the heat transfer device and can significantly exceed them. The zones of effective heat transfer are heat exchange channels 4, which provides intensive heat transfer between the hot products of combustion and the flow of the heated medium. This leads to a higher efficiency (COP) of the inertialess gas generator.

With an increase in the effective path of the flow of the heating medium (incandescent products of combustion) and an increase in the effective path of the path of the heated medium (air, water), the effective heat transfer area significantly increases due to repeated washing of the internal and external surfaces of the heat transfer channel during their axial swirling.

When countercurrent translational and rotational movements of two streams separated by the heat exchange channel 4 are made, heat exchange between them occurs more intensively. Ambient air 2 with the help of a reversible fan 25 (Fig. 3) is supplied through a pipe 8 (forced circulation mode) to the pressure box 9 and is distributed into the heat exchange channels 4. The cold air stream 2 is forced to move from top to bottom, experiencing axial swirling and maximum flow turbulence. In this case, heat transfer is more efficient compared to the natural circulation mode. Hot air 7 through the pipe 3 is supplied to heat the room or to the collector, which allows you to organize air heating of the rooms remote from the location of the gas generator.

The optimal pitch and angle of the internal 15 and external 6 guide elements of heat transfer intensifiers is selected by calculation for each specific device design.

In the device 19 for supplying and regulating the secondary air, it is possible to place catalysts in order to catalytically clean combustion products and achieve high environmental performance.

Inertialess gas generator also allows the heating of liquids, such as water 26 (figure 1) for domestic needs or water heating. For this, the heat exchange channel 4 may include a metering device-film former 27, which provides a metered supply of water to the heat exchange channel 4 and the film movement of the liquid along the inner surface of its wall. The liquid film moves along the inner surface of the wall of the heat exchange channel 4 from top to bottom. Getting on the guiding elements 15 of the internal heat transfer intensifier, the liquid film experiences multiple axial twists on the inner surface of the wall of the heat exchange channel 4 and enters the water intake device 28. The effective path traveled by the liquid film increases many times, which leads to an increase in the amount of heat transferred to the water film from heat exchange channel 4, namely, to increase the temperature of heating the water entering the room heating or domestic needs. In this case, the temperature of the heated water 29 at the outlet of the water intake device 28 will be invariably high, and the time of heating the water t ₂ will be determined only by the time of passage of the heated water through the heat exchange channel. This provides a quick, inertia-free heating of water in the proposed device. All this leads to increased efficiency of the entire device.

Thus, inertialess gas generator allows to achieve higher efficiency, reduce heat loss carried away by combustion products, reduce fuel consumption and thereby extend the device’s operating time on a single fuel load. In addition, the device provides a solution to a number of additional tasks, which expands the scope of the device and makes it universal.

Based on various requirements, the proposed device can be performed with automatic control of the parameters of the heating medium in the heat generator, as well as the parameters of the heated medium.

The regulation of the parameters of the heating medium, for example, the temperature of the combustion products and the burning rate of the fuel, can be carried out either by creating negative pressure (vacuum) along the entire path of the heating medium by changing the flow rate of the fan 30 (Fig.3), placed at the outlet of the gas generator, for example pipe 13, or by creating pressure along the entire path of the heating medium by changing the flow rate of the fan - 30, located at the inlet of the secondary air supply and regulation device 19, to Example, on the nozzle 24.

The regulation of the parameters of the heated medium, for example, the temperature and flow rate of the heated air and / or water, can be carried out by changing the flow rate of the heated air using a reversing fan 25 (figure 3), providing for forced air circulation in one or the other direction.

This will allow you to:

- receiving hot air of the required set temperature,

- receiving hot water of the required set temperature,

- the most rapid heating of the room to a predetermined temperature and maintaining this temperature in the future,

- burning fuel in the most economical mode with a continuous process of burning fuel or to obtain maximum burning time on a single load of fuel,

- other modes that can be based on auxiliary functions of the device, for example, maintaining the set temperature in the combustion chamber for cooking on a built-in stove or oven.

References

1. Description of the invention (analogue) to patent RU No. 2147601 C1, published on 04/20/2000.

2. Description of the invention to patent SU No. 59410 A, published on 03/31/1941.

3. Description of the invention to patent SU No. 1273385 A1, published November 30, 1986.

4. Description of the invention to patent SU No. 1788150 A1, published on November 30, 1992.

5. Description of the invention to US patent No. 4659340 A, published 04/21/1987.

6. Description of the invention to patent FR No. 2422712 A1, published 09.11.1979.

7. Description of the invention to patent GB No. 1445418 A, published on 08/11/1976.

8. Description of the invention to patent DE No. 2249444 A, published July 25, 1974.

9. V.I. Chastukhin, V.V. Chastukhin. Fuel and combustion theory. Kiev: High School, 1989.

10.L.K. Koller, V.P. Juvago. Household semi-gas ovens for dung and peat. - Moscow, 1940.

11. Collection of reports of the scientific session of the Scientific Council "Solid fossil fuels in solving the environmental and economic problems of the fuel and energy complex of Russia", February 11-13, 1998, Scientific Council of the Russian Academy of Sciences in Chemistry and Technology of Solid and Fossil Fuels (p. 272, chapter 8.4 )

Claims (4)

1. The device, which is a solid fuel gas generator, comprising a housing, a gasification chamber, a movable grate, a fuel hopper with a loading hatch, a vault divider, rotary blades, an ash chamber with a device for supplying and regulating primary air, a flame tube with a device for supplying and regulating secondary air for gas afterburning, characterized in that in the body of the gas generator there is an inertialess heat exchanger containing heating channels with intens heat exchange detectors, providing the possibility of maximum intensification of heat transfer and turbulization of the flow of fuel combustion products and the flow of the heated medium, while the annular secondary air supply and control device, which provides afterburning of the generated gases and the supply of hot combustion products to the inertialess heat exchange device, is placed on the outside of the gasification chamber. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inertialess heat exchanger is placed coaxially with the body of the gasification chamber, covering the latter from the outside to provide pre-heating of the fuel in the hopper with its combustion products. 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device for supplying and regulating the secondary air is perforated with holes. 4. The device according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that the device for supplying and regulating secondary air contains a catalyst for burning the gases generated in the gasification chamber.

Images