RU2246036C2 - Axial-flow piston-type hydraulic machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic machinery engineering; machine-tool industry; follow-up hydraulic drives; transport mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed hydraulic machine has housing with shaft mounted on supports on which cylinder block is installed; cylinder block is engageable with distributor. Pistons are arranged in cylinder block. Shaft is provided with holder mounted on it. Shoes engageable with pistons are located in inclined disks. Holder and inclined disk are connected by means of constant angular velocity universal joint. Elastic cage is engageable with pistons by its outer side and with spherical surface of non-working end face of cylinder block by its inner side.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability and efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to the implementation of the pistons of hydraulic machines, which can be used in machine tools, transport engineering, servo hydraulic drives.

Known axial-piston hydraulic machine containing a cylinder block with pistons resting on an inclined disk (TM Bashta. Volumetric pumps and hydraulic hydraulic motors. M .: Mechanical Engineering, 1974; p. 182, 260, 261). In a hydraulic machine, the centers of the spherical heads of the pistons are located on the longitudinal axis of the piston. In this case, the transverse forces acting from the side of the support disk distort (tilt) the piston in the cylinder, which leads to increased contact stress at the edges of the guide part of the cylinders, and, consequently, to an increase in the friction forces and lower efficiency of the hydraulic machine.

An axial piston hydraulic machine is also known, comprising a housing with supports installed in it, in which a disk and a shaft with a cylinder block are mounted, interacting with the working side with an end distributor, in the cylindrical bores of which pistons are located, each of which is connected to its shoe mounted on an inclined a disk, by a hinge of equal angular velocities, interacting with an inclined disk and an elastic separator, interacting with its outer side with pistons and its inner with a spherical surface (D E 1653470 A1, 09/09/1972)

In this design, the transverse forces load the shaft, constant velocity joint, inclined disk, composite shoes, a pair of cylinder block - distributor, bearings, which leads to friction of the pairs, therefore, reducing the reliability of the machine, opening joints, resulting in leakage of the working fluid, and therefore, reduce the efficiency of the hydraulic machine.

The invention is aimed at improving the reliability and efficiency of a hydraulic machine.

This is achieved by the fact that the axial piston hydraulic machine, comprising a housing with supports installed in it, in which a disk and a shaft are mounted with a cylinder block interacting with the working side with an end distributor, in the cylindrical bores of which there are pistons, each of which is connected to its shoe, placed on an inclined disk, a joint of equal angular velocities interacting with the inclined disk, and an elastic separator interacting with its outer side with the pistons and the inner with a spherical surface Tew, provided with a holder mounted on the shaft to cooperate with a constant velocity joint, a spherical surface is formed on the non-working end of the cylinder block.

The introduction of a cage mounted on the shaft with the possibility of interaction with the hinge of equal angular velocities allows for radial power isolation of the hinge of equal angular velocities and the shaft, while synchronizing their rotation, i.e. transmitting torque. The clip allows you to compensate for shaft deformations and not transfer them to the hinge of equal angular velocities and then to the disk and support, but from the disk and shaft to the cylinder block with a distributor. The absence of transmission of deformations from the shaft through the hinge of equal angular velocities to the disk, and from it to the support of the disk increases its reliability, and the absence of transmission of deformations to a pair of cylinder blocks - the distributor reduces the load in this pair, therefore, additional friction and wear, which increases its reliability , and reduced wear leads to less leakage and higher efficiency.

The spherical surface, made on the idle end of the cylinder block, perceives the elastic forces acting from the side of the separator, which eliminates the possibility of opening the junction of the cylinder block - distributor. Leaks at the junction are reduced, and volumetric efficiency and, consequently, the efficiency of the hydraulic machine increase compared with the prototype.

The elastic forces of the separator are not transmitted to the shaft bearings, which eliminates the axial forces acting on them, which increases the reliability of the bearings, and therefore, hydraulic machines.

The presence of the cage allows the power isolation of the joint of equal angular velocities and the shaft, which eliminates the mutual radial and angular displacement of the shaft and disk. The spherical surface on the working end of the cylinder block allows the separator to self-mount, with its outer side pressing the pistons to the shoes. The combination of the cage and the spherical surface on the non-working end of the cylinder block allows you to eliminate the opening of the joint of the friction pairs of shoes-pistons, reduce leakage and increase efficiency, as well as eliminate the mutual displacement of these friction pairs caused by deformations, reduce friction, and therefore increase the reliability of the hydraulic machine

The drawing shows an axial piston hydraulic machine, a longitudinal section.

The axial piston hydraulic machine consists of a housing 1, in which a shaft 4 is mounted on bearings 2 and 3, on which there is a cylinder block 5, interacting with its working end face with an end distributor 6. In cylindrical bores 7 of the cylinder block 5 there are pistons 8 interacting with the shoes 9. The shoes 9 are mounted with spherical heads on an inclined disk 10, which through the support 11 is centered in the rotary disk 12. The hinge of equal angular speeds 13 is connected to the yoke 14 and the inclined disk 10. The pistons 8 are pressed to the shoes 9 at the expense t of elastic separator 15, which interacts with its outer side with the pistons 8, and the inner one with a spherical surface 16, made on the inactive end of the cylinder block 5.

Axial piston hydraulic machine operates as follows.

In the mode of uncontrolled pump: the shaft 4 is driven in rotation from an external source of mechanical energy. Inclined disk 10 is installed with a constant angle. Together with the shaft 4, the cage 14 rotates, the cylinder block 5 with the pistons 8 and the elastic separator 15. The rotation from the cage 14 through the constant velocity joint 13 is transmitted to the inclined disk 10 and the shoes 9. The elastic separator 15 compresses the pistons 8 to the shoes 9, while the pistons 8 make a reciprocating motion in cylindrical bores 7 of the cylinder block 5, which leads to the suction and injection of the working fluid through the distributor 6.

In the adjustable pump mode: the disk 12 is rotated by a predetermined angle, moving the support 11 and then the disk 10. From the drive shaft 4, the yoke 14, the constant velocity joint 13, the disk 10, shoes 9, cylinder block 5, pistons 8 and elastic separator 15. At the same time, the pistons reciprocate in the bores 7 of the cylinder block 5, sucking and pumping the working fluid through the distributor 6. The disk 12 can be moved in the opposite direction, while the suction and discharge cavities are interchanged.

In the hydraulic motor mode: the liquid under pressure through the pressure cavity of the distributor 6 enters the cylindrical bores 7 of the cylinder block 5, acting on the pistons 8. The resulting axial force is transmitted to the shoe and decomposed into normal and tangential forces. The tangential force is transmitted to the disk 10, from it to the hinge of equal angular velocities 13, then to the clip 14 and the shaft 4, creating a torque. The shaft rotates, the piston 8 with the shoe 9 are moved into the drain cavity, giving liquid through the drain cavity of the distributor 6.

Claims (1)

An axial piston hydraulic machine comprising a housing with supports installed in it, in which a disk and a shaft with a cylinder block are mounted, interacting with the working side with an end distributor, in the cylindrical bores of which pistons are located, each of which is connected to its shoe located on an inclined disk, a hinge of equal angular velocities interacting with an inclined disk and an elastic separator interacting with its outer side with pistons and its inner with a spherical surface, characterized by m, that it is equipped with a cage mounted on the shaft with the possibility of interaction with the hinge of equal angular velocities, and the spherical surface is made on the inactive end of the cylinder block.