RU2244179C1 - Damper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: damper has top and bottom bearing planks. The opposite walls of the damper are inclined.

EFFECT: simplified design.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The proposed technical solution relates to devices for damping vibrations and shocks and can be used to protect electronic equipment from the effects of vibrations and shocks from carriers (mainly land, aircraft and ship).

Known shock absorber [1], containing the support node, made in the form of two pairs of strips with parallel and symmetrical relative to the axis grooves located on facing surfaces in a pair, in which mutually perpendicular pairs of elastic rings are placed, and a coil spring located between the pairs of strips reference node.

The disadvantage of this shock absorber is its significant height dimensions, due to the need to place two sets of spring split washers in it (one set inside the coil spring, the other between the pair of upper bars of the support unit).

At the same time, the design of the shock absorber is significantly complicated and its assembly is difficult.

The closest technical solution to the proposed shock absorber is a shock absorber [2], containing the upper and lower support strips with cavities facing each other, in which the upper and lower branches of two pairs of torus elastic rings mounted and diametrically mounted on opposing walls installed in each of the pairs one in the other with angular displacement in the corresponding vertical planes.

This shock absorber can be selected as a prototype.

The disadvantage of this shock absorber is the design complexity in terms of manufacturing torus elastic rings in the form of manually woven branches of a steel cable of small diameter, as well as insufficient reliability of fastening torus elastic rings using welding or soldering the ends of the fixing wire.

The task to which the invention is directed, is to simplify the design and increase reliability.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is achieved by the fact that the shock absorber comprises upper and lower support strips with cavities facing each other, in which the upper and lower branches of two pairs of torus elastic rings mounted and diametrically mounted on opposing walls are installed in each of pairs of one another with angular displacement in the corresponding vertical planes.

The difference between the proposed shock absorber and the known shock absorber designs is that the opposite walls of the cavities of the upper and lower support bars are made inclined outward by half the angular displacement of the torus elastic rings. In these opposite walls of the cavities of the upper and lower supporting strips, rectangular through grooves are made. Each torus elastic ring is made in the form of several tightly pressed to each other coils of a cable of small diameter and diametrically fixed in rectangular through grooves of the walls of the cavities of the upper and lower supporting strips with the help of overlays.

Each torus elastic ring of one of the pairs can be made of a smaller diameter than the torus elastic ring of the other pair by two cable diameters, and the corresponding two opposite walls of the cavity of the upper support bar can be placed closer to each other than the other two opposite walls of the cavity of the upper support strap, on four cable diameters.

The inventive combination of features of the device allows to achieve the goal due to structural solutions.

When studying technical solutions in this technical field, the totality of the features that distinguish the claimed object was not identified.

This solution is significantly different from the known ones.

The claimed technical solution does not explicitly follow from the prior art and accordingly has an inventive step.

Since the claimed solution can be implemented on modern materials and components, it is industrially applicable.

Figure 1 shows the proposed shock absorber, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is the power characteristic of the proposed shock absorber (curve I is the power characteristic of torus elastic rings, curve II is the power characteristic of the helical conical spring, curve III is the total power characteristic of the proposed shock absorber).

The proposed shock absorber (figures 1 and 2) contains the upper 1 and lower 2 support strips with facing each other cavities 3 and 4 and an elastic element made in the form of two pairs of torus elastic rings 5, 6 and 7, 8. Torus elastic rings in each of the two pairs 5, 6 and 7, 8 are placed one in the other with an angular displacement α in the corresponding vertical planes (the torus elastic ring 6 in the torus elastic ring 5 and the torus elastic ring 8 in the torus elastic ring 7).

The angular displacement α of the torus elastic rings 5, 6 and 7, 8 in the shock absorber loaded with the weight of the equipment can be in the range from 30 to 60 °

Opposite walls 9, 10 and 11, 12 of the upper 1 support plate, as well as opposite walls 13, 14 and 15, 16 of the lower 2 support plate are made inclined outward by half the angular displacement α / 2 of the torus elastic rings and with rectangular through grooves 17 and 18 respectively, in the walls of the upper 1 and lower 2 support strips.

The angle of inclination α _{1 of the} walls 9, 10 and 11, 12 of the upper 1 of the support bar is equal to the angle of inclination α _{2 of the} walls 13, 14 and 15, 16 of the lower 2 of the support bar (α ₁ = α ₂ = α / 2).

Each torus elastic ring 5, 6 and 7, 8 is made in the form of several 19 turns of a steel cable of small diameter d = 1-2 mm tightly pressed to each other by brackets (the number of branches in the torus elastic ring is z≤3).

On the walls 9, 10 and 11, 12 of the upper 1 of the support bar and on the walls 13, 14 and 15, 16 of the lower 2 of the support bar, the cylindrical surfaces of 20 torus elastic rings are placed and the upper 21 and lower 22 branches of the torus elastic rings are diametrically fixed using overlays 23 .

The ends of the pads 23 are inserted into rectangular through grooves 17, 18 and are bent towards each other along the outer surfaces of the walls 9, 10 and 11, 12 of the upper 1 of the support bar and the walls 13, 14 and 15, 16 of the lower 2 of the support bar (Fig. 1, view arrow B). This design solution greatly simplifies the design of the shock absorber.

On the lower 2 support bar is fixed with hollow rivets 24 a frame 25 split along the inner contour with an emphasis on the cantilever elements 26 in the lower branches 22 of the torus elastic rings 5, 6 and 7, 8.

The shock absorber is fixed to the equipment block from below through the hole 27 in the lower 2 support strip using a screw M5 or M6 freely entering the hole 28 of the upper 1 support strip.

Each torus elastic ring of one of the pairs, for example, 7 and 8, can be made of a smaller diameter D ₁ than the diameter D _{2 of the} torus elastic rings of a pair 5, 6, by two cable diameters d, that is, D ₁ = D ₂ -d.

In this case, two opposite walls 11 and 12 of the cavity of the upper 1 of the support bar, corresponding to a pair of 7 and 8 of the torus elastic rings, are placed closer to each other than the other opposite walls of 9 and 10 of the upper 1 of the support bar by four cable diameters d, i.e., B ₁ = B ₂ -4d (figure 2).

The shock absorber (Figs. 1 and 2) can be equipped with a helical conical spring 29 located between the upper 1 and lower 2 support strips in their center and absorbing a part (from 0 to 70%) of the static weight of the equipment falling on this shock absorber.

The adjustment of the height H of the shock absorber (Fig. 1) in the case of a spread in the weight of the equipment is provided with washers 30 located between the upper 1 support bar and the upper end of the helical conical spring 29 and the cantilever elements 26 of the frame 25, which abut against the lower 22 branches of the torus elastic rings 5, 6, 7 and 8.

The shock absorber works as follows (Fig.1-3).

Under the influence of the dynamic load on the carrier side, for example, the vertical load from the bottom up, the equipment block shifts downward relative to the carrier base, deforming the torus elastic rings 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the spiral conical spring 29. The material of the rings 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the spring 29 undergoes compression, bending, and torsion stresses, and the force characteristic P = f (Y) (FIG. 3, curve III, section OY ₁ ) has a slight slope. Here, the stiffness of both torus elastic rings 5, 6, 7 and 8, and a helical conical spring 29 is small (Fig. 3, curves I and II, section OY ₁ ). Accordingly, the total stiffness of the shock absorber is small, and the vibration isolation of the shock-absorbing block is most favorable.

With further deformation, a gap Δ ₁ (Fig. 1) is selected between the edge of the upper 1 of the support bar and the upper branches of 21 torus elastic rings 5, 6, 7 and 8. In this case, part of the length of the upper branches of 21 torus elastic rings is excluded from operation, which significantly increases shock absorber stiffness.

A feature of the work of the proposed shock absorber is that as its compression deformation increases, the value of the angular displacement α between the torus elastic rings decreases from α = 30-60 ° to α = 5-10 ° while maintaining the constancy of the angles α ₁ and α ₂ (Fig. 1 )

In this case, the branches 21 and 22 of the torus elastic rings 5, 6, 7 and 8 are twisted, fixed by plates 23 on the inclined walls 9, 10, 11, 12 of the upper 1 of the support bar and on the walls 13, 14, 15, 16 of the lower 2 of the support bar angle α ₃ = (α ₁ + α ₂ ) -α. As a result, friction forces (hysteresis) increase significantly, reducing the oscillation damping time and increasing the energy consumption of the shock absorber (Fig. 3, curve I, section Y ₁ -Y ₂ , shaded area).

In the deformation sections of the shock absorber Y ₂ -Y ₃ and Y ₃ -Y ₄ (Fig. 3), the vertical component of the resistance force of the torus elastic rings 5, 6, 7 and 8 reaches its maximum value and remains almost constant (Fig. 3, curve I).

The stiffness of the shock absorber is close to zero, the frequency of natural vibrations is not more than 1-2 Hz, and the conditions for vibration isolation are favorable.

In the presence of a helical conical spring 29 in the area of the power characteristic Y ₃ -Y ₄ (Fig. 3, curve III), the stiffness of the shock absorber increases significantly due to the progressive increase in the stiffness of the spring 29 as it compresses, which increases the efficiency of the shock absorber under the action of shock and linear overloads.

When the cushioned block is separated from the base of the carrier, the torus elastic rings 5, 6, 7 and 9 and the spring 29 are gradually unloaded until the lower branches 22 of the torus elastic rings 5, 6, 7 and 8 come into contact with the cantilever elements 26 of the frame 25.

The nature of the power characteristics of the shock absorber in this case does not fundamentally differ from the power characteristics shown in figure 3 (curve III).

The action of horizontal (lateral) loads leads to the displacement of the upper 1 support strips mounted on the unit of equipment, relative to the lower 2 support strips mounted on the base of the carrier. In this case, torus elastic rings 5, 6, 7 and 8 and a helical conical spring 29 are included in the work. The stiffness of the shock absorber is small, and the vibration isolation of the shock-absorbing block is favorable.

As the movement of the upper 1 of the support bar relative to the lower 2 of the support bar increases, gaps Δ2 (Fig. 2) are selected between the upper 21 branches of the torus elastic rings 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the walls 9, 10, 11, 12 of the upper 1 of the support bar, which leads to an increase in the stiffness of the shock absorber (the energy consumption of the shock absorber increases).

This design of the shock absorber differs significantly from the design of the known shock absorber in its simplicity in terms of manufacturing and fixing elastic elements (torus elastic rings), which reduces the cost of its manufacture by 30-40%. This increases the reliability and efficiency of the shock absorber without increasing its dimensions compared to the known shock absorber.

The advantages of the proposed shock absorber are confirmed by testing samples according to the standard methodology carried out at the enterprise.

The industrial applicability of the proposed shock absorber is determined by the fact that the shock absorber can be made on the basis of the above description and drawings using conventional structural materials and the well-known high-performance processing technology.

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Patent for invention No. 1703883, Shock absorber, IPC F 16 F 7/12, publication January 7, 1992, Bull. No. 1.

2. Patent for invention No. 2204746, Shock absorber, IPC F 16 F 7/12, 2003 publication, Bull. Number 14.

Claims (2)

1. A shock absorber comprising upper and lower support strips with cavities facing each other, in which the upper and lower branches of two pairs of torus elastic rings are placed and diametrically mounted on opposing walls, installed in each of the pairs one with the other with angular displacement in the corresponding vertical planes, characterized in that the opposite walls of the cavities of the upper and lower supporting strips are made inclined outward by half the angular displacement of the torus elastic rings and with rectangular through basics in them, and each tori elastic ring is made in several tightly pressed to each other the turns of small diameter wire rope and fixed in diametrically rectangular through slots wall cavities of the upper and lower support bars via linings. 2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, characterized in that each torus elastic ring of one of the pairs is made of a smaller diameter than the torus elastic rings of the other pair, by two cable diameters, and the two opposite walls of the cavity of the upper support bar are corresponding to the first pair of torus elastic rings closer to each other than the other two opposite walls of the upper supporting strip, four diameters of the cable.

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