RU2243549C1 - Method of assessing qualification of operator of nondestructive testing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: investigating and analyzing materials.

SUBSTANCE: method comprises making a specimen which is similar to the object to be investigated in shape and material, choosing method and instruments, and determining the maximum possibility to indicate defects by this method. An operator then tests the specimen. The qualification of the operator is judged by comparing the results of testing with the maximum possible detection indication.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability of assessment.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of non-destructive testing (hereinafter referred to as NC) of discontinuities, inhomogeneities and other defects in the material of engineering products, including thermal and nuclear power, chemical and petrochemical industries, oil, gas, and product pipelines, railway, aviation and other modes of transport, bridges and other facilities. The method is applicable to all types of NK - ultrasonic, radiographic, eddy current and other types of control, which are used at the stages of manufacturing, installation and operation of products.

In accordance with established practice and current requirements, the level of qualification of NK operators (NK personnel) is assessed by a certain combination of knowledge and skills, depending on the level of qualification. So, an operator of the highest qualification in the field of ultrasonic testing should be able to (Shcherbinsky V.G. and Aleshin N.P. Ultrasonic control of welded joints. M: Stroyizdat, 2002):

- control butt, corner, tee and lap welds;

- control products from pearlitic and austenitic steels;

- control products of complex shape, including pipelines;

- verify the correct manufacturing of artificial reflectors (flat-bottomed holes and nicks).

In the United States (prototype, ASME Code, Volume 1, 1995), the qualification level of a NK operator is tested on a test sample with specially designed artificial defects. However, the dimensions of such defects are determined without reference to really dangerous defects for this design. The qualifications of the operator are judged by the number of defects identified by him.

A common significant drawback of all known methods for assessing the qualifications of NK operators is that they do not allow to evaluate:

- the ability of a particular NK operator to detect defects that are important for workmanship, as well as defects that are important for product reliability and safety:

- the qualification level in its pure form, excluding from them the influence of the hardware component associated with the method and technical means of the Tax Code, at which the operator demonstrated his qualifications;

- the skill level, taking into account a combination of such factors as the actual manufacturing technology, the size and shape of the product or its most critical part, the size and nature of the real defects that are important for the quality of manufacturing, ensuring reliability and safety of operation.

The technical result is that:

- increases the objectivity of assessing the level of qualification of the operator of the tax code, as it becomes possible to quantify the level of qualification, integrally reflecting the specifics of the form and manufacturing technology of the product, the shape and nature of defects, the size of the defects;

- qualification is determined in its pure form, excluding the influence of the quality of the method and the technical means on which the NK operator demonstrated its skills;

- the qualification level is evaluated in three areas of defects: in the field of defects important for the safe operation of the product, in the field of defects important for the reliability of the product and in the field of defects important for the quality of workmanship.

The technical result indicated above is achieved due to the following:

They determine the product or its element, or its most critical part, the safety, reliability and workmanship of which must be ensured using NK.

Taking into account the real operational loads and conditions, the discontinuity fracture mechanics for a product are determined:

- critical sizes

- the sizes admissible in operation, and also according to the current regulatory documents and / or TU for manufacturing

- allowable sizes of discontinuities in the manufacture (norms of product defects);

a test sample is made in shape and on a scale of about 1: 1 to the product or its most critical part (the most critical part of the product is that part of the product in which defects are most likely to occur (welds, places of maximum operational influences, etc. or destruction of which is dangerous), the test sample is made of the same material and using the same technology as the product (the execution of the test sample on a larger or smaller scale will lead to distortion of the results, as well as the execution of it from materials ial, different from the material of the product); in the test samples one or more groups of three groups of artificial defects are laid:

- first: defects whose sizes lie in the range from the sizes of defects admissible during operation, to sizes critical for the product in operation,

- second: defects, the sizes of which lie in the range from the dimensions acceptable during manufacture to the dimensions acceptable during operation,

- third: defects whose sizes lie in the range from the minimum dimensions available for detection to the sizes acceptable during manufacture (it is also permissible that the upper boundary of the size interval exceed the dimensions of defects allowed during manufacture).

In this case, the defects to be laid can be either operational in nature or technological, and laid in various combinations: defects imitating defects, only operational nature, only technological or both at the same time in various combinations, preferably: the first group of operational defects of nature, the third - technological, the second - both operational and technological nature (Operational defects - defects that can develop from technological defects or originate and develop tsya under operational loads (fatigue cracks, cracks, stress corrosion cracking, and the like), processing defects - is defective, the occurrence of which is associated with manufacturing technology characteristics or mounting (lack of penetration, lack of fusion, pores and the like)).

All embedded defects must be hidden from the operators of the tax code, i.e. be internal (subsurface) or, if the defect is superficial, be located in a place inaccessible to visual detection (or have dimensions that cannot be visually fixed).

It should also be noted that defects are placed randomly in the sample, for example, numbering them and using tables of random numbers.

The minimum allowable distance between defects is determined on the basis of the condition for the existence of single defects (if single defects are laid) or less for group cracks (the conditions of mutual influence are known, for example, Methodological recommendations MP 108.7-86. M .: TSNIITMASH, 1986).

The number of defects of each type should be sufficient for statistical processing of the results, for example, at least 9 pieces. (With less results are less reliable).

Thus, the test sample with which the technical result is achieved is made in the form of the product or its element, or its most critical part, from the same material and using the same technology as the product. In this case, the test sample contains one or more of three groups of randomly located defects (if the defects are not randomly located, this will enable the operator to predict the type and size of the detected defects depending on their location in the sample):

- defects, the sizes of which lie in the range from the sizes of defects admissible during operation, to sizes critical for the product in operation,

- defects, the sizes of which lie in the range from the dimensions permissible during manufacture to the dimensions permissible during operation,

- defects, the sizes of which lie in the range from the minimum sizes available for detection to the sizes acceptable during manufacturing (it is also permissible that the upper boundary of the interval exceeds the dimensions of defects acceptable during manufacturing), while the first two types of defects (discontinuities) imitate defects of an operational nature, and of the third type - technological.

It should be noted that defects that determine the quality of manufacture of the product are defects whose sizes are in the range from the minimum dimensions available for detection (search) to the dimensions acceptable during manufacture and above; defects determining reliability are those defects whose sizes are in the range from defective during manufacture to acceptable during operation and higher; defects defining safety - from acceptable during operation to critical sizes and above.

There are various options for bookmarking defects in the test sample:

Defects in the form of ellipses are laid in the test sample, and the ratio of the axes of the ellipse is taken on the basis of the condition for the maximum growth rate of the defect in the operational stress field;

Defects in the form of ellipses are laid in the test sample, while the ratio of the axes of the ellipse is arbitrary, and the area of the plane defect or the projection area of the volume defect on the plane of the probable development of the defect is taken as characterizing the size of the defect;

Defects in the form of ellipses are laid in the test sample, while the number of defects and the ratio of the axes of the ellipse are selected using mathematical methods for planning the experiment, based on the condition of minimizing the number of laid defects;

If the defects to be inserted into the test sample do not have the shape of an ellipse, then they are schematized by ellipses.

They choose the method and technical means of the NK (flaw detector, searchers, standard samples for tuning and determining the sensitivity of devices, etc.), with which they will determine the level of skill of the NK operator.

Determine the maximum detectability of defects (the maximum detectability of defects by this non-destructive testing method is the maximum probability of detecting defects during an arbitrarily large number of times using this ND method, independent of subjective factors) using the ND method and technical means as follows.

The specific control method chosen is used to repeatedly test the specimen; the characteristics of the defects identified as a result of the controls are compared with the characteristics of real defects embedded in the test sample. Moreover, each new control is carried out by a new control operator.

The number of controls is determined from the condition that the next operator or operators did not identify (not identify) any new defect that his predecessors would not have identified.

According to the results of the control of each NK operator for each defect size, the probability of its detection of P _{water is} determined as the ratio

- "number of detected defects in the i-th size N _obni divided by the number of inherent defects in the i-th size N _zali" (size of the defect - a defect characteristics such as: nature, technological or operational, volume or flat, defect size, location, superficial or subsurface, etc.).

The results are presented graphically in the coordinates "P _water - the characteristic dimensions of the defects."

The probability curve for detecting defects from the characteristic sizes of defects, for example, the linear dimensions "a" and "c" (any defect in the material can be conservatively described by an ellipse with half axes a and c) can be approximated by the equation that most closely describes the experimental results of control, for example

or

or

where α _nk - confidence factor NC, characterizes the increase detectability of defects depending on its size;

ε is a constant characterizing the limiting detectability of the control by this method for an arbitrarily large defect size, if the part dimensions are small, then this value can be neglected by introducing an appropriate adjustment of α _nk .

χ is the characteristic size of the defect, for example, its area;

χ ₀ , and ₀ , c ₀ are the minimum defect sizes available for detecting NCs.

Obtained as a result of the control, the probability curves for the detection of defects P _{water are} presented in the form of graphs in Fig. 3.

Next, summarize the results of the controls of the first and second operators, summarizing the defects of this size identified at least once as a result of these _tests , and build a graph of "P _water = ΣN _total / N _fill - the characteristic dimensions of the defects", where P _waterj is the total probability of detection defects by NK operators in the amount of j (in this case, j = 2), ΣN _obni is the number of defects of this size detected at least once according to the results of inspections in the amount of j (in this case, j = 2) out of the number of defects N _{filled in} this type. Build a curve. In the same way, the results of the controls of the three operators are summarized, and so on, until the newly obtained curve repeats the previous one completely.

The last curve obtained will characterize the maximum detectability of defects by this method of non-destructive testing P _water

They offer the NK operator, whose qualifications they want to evaluate, to test the test sample using the selected method and technical means. The NK operator, whose qualifications are determined, conducts control. The characteristics detected as a result of defect control are compared with the characteristics of real defects embedded in the test sample. For each defect size, the ratio "the number of detected defects N _obb divided by the number of defects N _fill " is _determined , which characterizes the probability of detection of this size defect R _water :

Based on the results of the control, a probability curve for detecting defects for a given part is constructed using this ND method, given by the PC operator, depending on the size of the defects.

Obtained as a result of the control conducted by the operator of the NK, whose qualifications are determined, the probability curve for the detection of defects P _water (χ) (curve 1 of FIG. 2) is the same as the curve characterizing the maximum detection of defects by this NK method for this product (element responsible parts), has three sections corresponding to the following standard sizes of defects: - defects, the sizes of which lie in the range from the sizes admissible during operation, to sizes critical for the product in operation mode and higher (region A in Fig. 3), the defect am, the dimensions of which lie in the range from the dimensions acceptable during manufacture, to the dimensions acceptable during operation, and higher (region B in FIG. 2), to defects whose sizes lie in the range from the minimum dimensions available for detection (search defects ), to the sizes admissible in the manufacture, and higher (region C in figure 2).

The curve of the results of the inspection carried out by the operator of the Tax Code, whose qualifications are checked, is plotted on the graph of "P _waterj versus the characteristic dimensions of the defect" (in this case, j is 1) and the skill level of the tested non-destructive testing operator is determined by the approximation of the curve constructed from the results of the curve control, to the curve characterizing the maximum detectability of defects by this method of non-destructive testing P _water . (It is possible to build both curves - P _water and P _water (χ) - on a separate graph in the same coordinates).

At the same time, according to the sections of the curves P _water and P _water (χ) lying between the size of defects acceptable during operation and the size of defects critical for the product in operation, the qualification of the non-destructive testing operator in the field of defects important to safety is judged by the sections of the curves R p _water and P _water (χ) lying between the size of the defects admissible during manufacture and the size of the defects admissible during operation, the qualification of the operator of non-destructive testing in the field of defects important for reliability and the sections of the curve x R _{water inlet} and R _water (χ), lying between the size of defects, the minimum available for detection, and the size of defects allowed during manufacture, judge the qualification of the operator of non-destructive testing in the field of defects important to quality;

Additionally, a quantitative assessment of the skill level of the NK operator is carried out using formulas of the type:

- вероятность обнаружения дефектов оператором НК, чью квалификацию определяют, приведенная к предельной вероятности обнаружения дефектов данным методом НК для данного изделия (элемента, ответственной части) и выраженная в процентах (позволяет определить уровень квалификации оператора НК, исключая приборную составляющую выбранного метода контроля. Например, если

, то это означает, что данный дефектоскопист обладает максимально возможным уровнем квалификации, даже если предельная выявляемость дефектов данным методом контроля имеет низкие значения);Where

- the probability of detection of defects by the operator of the NK, whose qualifications are determined, reduced to the maximum probability of detecting defects by this NK method for a given product (element, critical part) and expressed as a percentage (allows you to determine the level of qualification of the operator of the NK, excluding the instrument component of the selected monitoring method. For example, if

, then this means that this flaw detector has the highest possible level of qualification, even if the maximum detectability of defects by this control method is low);

P _water (χ _i ) is the probability of identifying defects of the ith standard size by the operator of the _{tax code} , the qualification of which is checked;

P _p.vod (χ _i ) - the maximum detectability of defects of the i-th size by this NDT method for a given product (element, critical part);

χ _i is the characteristic size of the defect; i is the number of the defect size: for i = 1 χ ₁ = χ _kp is the characteristic size of the defect in the region of the dimensions of the defects critical for the product (product element, critical part); when i = 2 χ ₂ = χ _d.e - the characteristic size of the defect, the sizes of which lie in the region of the dimensions of the defects that are acceptable during operation; when i = 3 χ ₃ -χ _mfd - the characteristic size of the defect, the dimensions of which lie in defect sizes permitted in the manufacture.

- вероятность обнаружения дефектов, характеризующая уровень квалификации оператора во всем диапазоне дефектов, важных для безопасности, надежности эксплуатации изделия и качества его изготовления;

- the probability of detecting defects, which characterizes the level of skill of the operator in the entire range of defects that are important for safety, reliability of operation of the product and the quality of its manufacture;

In addition, the quantitative characteristic of the negative influence of the human factor on the results of ND is determined as the difference between the curve of detectability of defects of a particular operator (the operator whose qualifications are checked) and the curve of limit detection of defects. In this case, formulas of the type can be used:

where N ^bf (χ _i ) is the value of the negative influence of the human factor on the results of control, expressed as a percentage (depending on the size of the defect);

P _water (χ _i ) is the probability of identifying defects of the i-th size by the operator of the Tax Code, the qualifications of which are checked;

R _p.vod (χ _i ) - the maximum detectability of defects of the i-th standard size by this method of _{tax code} for a given product (element, critical part);

χ _i is the characteristic size of the defect; i - number of standard size of defects; i = 1 χ ₁ = χ _cr - the characteristic size of the defect in the area of defects critical for the product (product item, critical part) size; i = 2 χ ₂ = χ _d.e - the characteristic size of the defect, the dimensions of which lie in the region of the dimensions of the defects that are acceptable during operation; i = 3 χ ₃ = χ _izg - the characteristic size of the defect, the dimensions of which lie in the region of the dimensions of the defects acceptable in the manufacture;

- осредненная, в диапазоне размеров дефектов от допустимых при изготовлении до критических для данного изделия (элемента, ответственной части) при эксплуатационном режиме, величина негативного влияния человеческого фактора на результаты контроля.

- the average value of the negative impact of the human factor on the results of control, averaged over the range of defects from permissible during manufacture to critical for a given product (element, critical part) during operation;

The invention is illustrated by drawings:

figure 1 - schematic representation of the defect;

figure 2 - family of defects of critical size (curve 1); permissible defects during operation determined by the methods of fracture mechanics (curve 2) and permissible defects in the manufacture (curve 3).

figure 3 - the results of the controls of the operators of the tax code in determining the maximum detectability of defects;

figure 4 - construction of a curve characterizing the maximum detectability;

figure 5 - curves of the maximum detectability of defects, the detection of defects according to the results of the control of the operator of the tax code under code A, the operator under code B and the operator under code B.

EXAMPLE

Let it be necessary to determine the level of qualification of NK operators who should participate in the control of the main circulation pipeline of a nuclear power plant during their incoming control and installation, as well as subsequent operation.

Product: main circulation pipe of a reactor plant used in nuclear power plants.

Product specifications: steel type 22K with yield strength = 320 MPa, clad on the inside of the pipeline with austenitic stainless steel; welds are located both across the axis of the pipeline and along the axis; wall thickness of the base metal of the pipeline S = 34 mm; the inner diameter of the pipeline is D = 800 MM.

Product operating conditions: operating temperature -270 ° С; working pressure - 80 kg / cm ² ; the assigned service life is 30 years.

Defect standards: at the manufacturing stage) (defect standards) (curve 1 in Fig. 2), latent discontinuities up to 2.3 mm in diameter are allowed (equivalent defect area with ultrasonic testing is 4 mm ² ), defects allowed during operation, determined by the regulatory methodology M-02-91, shown in figure 2 of curve 2; critical defects (determined by the method of M-02-91) are also presented in figure 2 of curve 3.

Determine the size and number of defects that must be laid in the test sample. The number of defects of each type is 9 pcs.

(Any defect can be conservatively modeled by a crack, and any crack can be described by an ellipse with half shafts: short a and long c.)

In this case:

Each defect from the previous table is assigned a serial number.

Defect numbers are arranged in sequence according to a random number table.

The minimum permissible distance between defects is determined based on the condition for the existence of single defects (the distance must be not less than the linear dimensions of the defects).

Determine the minimum allowable distance from the surface of the product for each defect: x≥a / 9.

сварной шов, т.е. для размещения всех дефектов тест-образец должен иметь один сварной шов;The minimum length L of the welds, in which all defects will be placed, is determined by the formula: L = twice the total length of all defects). L≥2 (4 · 9 + 20 · 9 + 60 · 9) = 1650 mm. The perimeter of the transverse weld is equal to: L _cш = πD = 3,14 · 800 = 2512 mm. The number of transverse welds in the test sample, in which all 27 defects (discontinuities) can be placed:

weld, i.e. to accommodate all defects, the test sample must have one weld;

The test sample is monitored by the ultrasonic inspection method (ultrasonic inspection) by an ultrasonic flaw detector UD-2-12.

The results of each operator are shown by a cross in the table.

The table shows that already the fifth operator did not find a single new defect compared to its predecessors.

The results of the controls of each operator are shown in figure 3. The total result characterizing the maximum detectability of this control method is shown in figure 4. The defect detection curve (Fig. 4), marked with (1 + 2 + 3 + 4) and (1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) will be the maximum detectability of defects by this control method.

The qualifications of three NK operators were determined: under code A, under code B and under code B.

Each of the tested ND operators performed a test sample control using the ultrasonic inspection method (ULC) with an UD-2-12 ultrasonic flaw detector.

Based on the results of the control, the probability curves of defect detection (P _water ) were constructed depending on the characteristic dimensions of the defects (linear dimensions, areas, etc.), in this case the defect size is a (width of the defect in the direction of the wall thickness). In this case, for defects close to critical sizes, the probability of detecting defects is defined as the ratio of the number of detected defects close to the critical size N _obni , to the number of embedded defects close to the critical size N _zagi . Also for other standard sizes of defects. The monitoring results of each NK operator are presented in the form of a curve in the coordinates "P _water from a".

In the coordinates "P _water - the characteristic dimensions of the defect", a curve is constructed that characterizes the maximum detection of defects by this method of non-destructive testing, P _aperture , and curves representing the results of the control of the tested NC operators (in the case of each tested NC operator j = 1). The skill level of each of the three tested PC operators was determined by the degree of approximation of the curve, constructed according to the results of the control it conducted, to the curve characterizing the maximum detectability of defects by this method of nondestructive testing P _water . This graph is presented in figure 5, where curve A - the results of operator control under code A, curve B - the results of operator control under code B, curve C - results of operator control under code B.

A qualitative analysis of the control results presented in Fig. 5 shows that the operator with the code A has the highest qualifications, the operator B has the lower qualification, and the operator C is the lowest

Quantitative indicators of the level of skill of NDT operators and the negative impact of the human factor (NF) on NDT results are presented in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

To obtain the numerical characteristics in table 1, the formulas indicated above were used.

Thus, a quantitative analysis of the skill level of NK operators confirmed that operator A showed the best results, operator B showed worse results and operator B showed the worst results. Operator B is better to use at the input control, and operator A can successfully work both at the input control and during the operation of the product.

Claims (5)

1. A method for assessing the qualifications of a non-destructive testing operator, including the manufacture of a test sample, inserting defects into it, selecting a non-destructive testing method and technical means with which to determine the qualification of the tested non-destructive testing operator, testing the test sample with a non-destructive testing operator, characterized in that determine the product, or its element, or its most critical part, the test sample is made in the form of the product, or its element, or its most about part of the same material and using the same technology as the product, and it contains one or more groups of three groups of defects: defects whose sizes lie in the range from the sizes of defects acceptable during operation to critical sizes for the product in the mode exploitation of defects; defects, the sizes of which lie in the range from the dimensions allowed during the manufacture of defects to the sizes of defects allowed during operation; defects whose sizes lie in the range from the minimum sizes available for detecting defects to the sizes of defects acceptable during manufacturing (it is permissible that the upper boundary of the size range exceed the dimensions of defects acceptable during manufacturing), while the underlying defects mimic defects of an operational nature and / or technological, choose the method of non-destructive testing and the technical means with which they will determine the qualification of the operator of non-destructive testing, conduct multiple the control of this test sample by the selected method and non-destructive testing means, and each subsequent control is carried out by a new operator, and the number of controls is determined from the condition that the next at least two operators did not find a single new defect compared to their predecessors, defect characteristics established nondestructive testing, compared with the characteristics inherent defects of all executed sequentially controls are in the form of curves "P _vodj from ha akteristicheskih size defect ", where P _vodj - is the total probability of defect detection of this size with this method of nondestructive testing conducted by a number of operators of nondestructive testing, equal to j, defined as the ratio of detected at least once as a result of the j-th number of conducted controls, defects in this type to the number of defects of this type embedded in the test sample, the control is terminated if there is a curve whose position on the graph does not change with each subsequent control, this curve with read characterizing the ultimate detection of defects by this method of non-destructive testing P _drive , the operator of non-destructive testing, whose qualifications are determined, conducts testing of the test sample using the selected method and using technical means of non-destructive testing, the characteristics of defects revealed by him are compared with the characteristics of embedded defects, for each size defect, determine the ratio “the number of detected defects N _OB to the number of embedded defects N _3AL ”, characterizing the probability of detecting defects comrade R _water , according to the results of the control, a curve is built of the probability of detecting defects P _water (χ) for a given product using this non-destructive testing method by a non-destructive testing operator whose qualifications are determined from the characteristic dimensions of the defects, χ this curve is built on a graph of the dependence of "P _water on characteristic defect size "(in this case equal to 1, j), and determine the level of skill of the operator of nondestructive testing of the degree of approximation curve P _water (χ), based on the results provedennog them to the control curve characterizing the defect detectability limit according to the method of nondestructive testing P _WTD. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that according to the sections of the curves P _inlet and R _water (χ) lying between the size of the defects admissible during operation and the size of the defects critical for the product in the operation mode, the qualification of the non-destructive testing operator in field defects, important for safety, on portions of the curves F and F _{WTD water} (χ), lying between the size of acceptable defects in manufacturing defects to the size permitted for use, is judged on the qualification of nondestructive testing operator in the field defects, important for reliable and spine portions of the curves F and F _{WTD water} (χ), lying between the minimum size available for the detection of defects and size acceptable in manufacturing defects judged NDT operator skill in defects, which are important for the quality. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further conduct a quantitative assessment of the level of qualification of the operator of non-destructive testing, using formulas of the type

, Where

- the probability of detection of defects by a non-destructive testing operator whose qualification is determined, reduced to the maximum probability of detecting defects by this non-destructive testing method for a given product or its component, or its critical part and expressed as a percentage, allowing to determine the level of qualification of a non-destructive testing operator, excluding the instrument component of the selected control method; P _water (χ _i ) is the probability of identifying defects of the i-th size by the operator of non-destructive testing, the qualification of which is checked; P _lead (χ _i ) - the maximum detectability of defects of the i-th standard size by this non-destructive testing method for a given product, or product element, or its critical part; χ _i is the characteristic size of the defect; χ _cr - the characteristic size of the defect in the area of defects critical for the product (product item, critical part) size; χ _de - the characteristic size of the defect, the dimensions of which lie in the range of sizes of defects that are acceptable during operation; χ _izg - the characteristic size of the defect, the dimensions of which lie in the region of the dimensions of the defects acceptable in the manufacture;

- the probability of detecting defects, characterizing the level of qualification of the operator in the entire range of defects important for safety, reliability of operation of the product and the quality of its manufacture. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further determines the quantitative characteristic of the negative influence of the human factor on the results of non-destructive testing as the difference between the P _water curve (χ) and the curve characterizing the maximum detectability of defects by this non-destructive test method P _inlet . 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that to determine the quantitative characteristics of the negative impact of the human factor on the results of non-destructive testing using formulas of the type

where N ^bf (χ _i ) - the value of the negative impact of the human factor on the results of control, expressed as a percentage; P _water (χ _i ) is the probability of identifying defects of the i-th standard size by the non-destructive testing operator, the qualification of which is checked; P _lead (χ _i ) - the maximum detectability of defects of the i-th size by this non-destructive testing method for a given product, or its element, or its critical part; χ ₁ is the characteristic size of the defect; i - number of defect size: i = 1 - the characteristic size of the defect lies in the region of defects critical for the product (product element, critical part) size; i = 2 - the characteristic size of the defect lies in the region of the size of the defects acceptable during operation; i = 3 - the characteristic size of the defect lies in the region of the size of the defects acceptable in the manufacture;

- the average value of the negative impact of the human factor on the results of control, averaged over the range of defects from permissible during manufacture to critical for a given product (element, critical part) during operation;

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