RU2242702C2 - Gas turbo-generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition for ballistic weapon, in particular, construction of shells for smoothbore small arms.

SUBSTANCE: the gas turbo-generator has a means of spinning on a container for placement of the shell in it. Gas turbine is used as a means of spinning in it, it is made in the form of a disk with openings, whose wall surfaces are profiled to the shape of the blades of the gas turbine. The turbine may be positioned in the front section of the container, around the container or in the rear section of the container.

EFFECT: provided spinning and stabilization of the shell in the bore with a subsequent opening of the container and separation of the whole parasitic mass from the shell after it leaves the barrel, enhanced close grouping of shots, reduced sound of a shot.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to ammunition for ballistic weapons, in particular to the design of shells for smooth-bore firearms.

State of the art

Known subcaliber bullets for cartridges for smooth-bore weapons. These are the French Sauvestre bullets, domestic Zenit and Poleva. ("Master Shotgun", 49/2000, p. 62, 54/2001, p. 77. Jean Burton "The hunting weapon of the world. - M., 2000, p. 161)

A disadvantage of the known bullets is the low firing efficiency due to the large dispersion, low flight speed and large energy losses.

Obtaining the required technical result is hindered by the following reasons.

In the channel of a smooth barrel, the bullet does not receive axial rotation or receives it at an insufficient speed.

Pusher or lead pallets do not stabilize the actual center of gravity of the projectile relative to the bore. The bullet rotates about an axis passing through its geometric center of gravity. As a result, an imbalance occurs.

In flight, the projectile has an unfavorable aerodynamic shape, since it "drags" the stabilizer along with it.

After the shell leaves the barrel, the gases that overtake it tend to deploy it around the center of gravity with a light stabilizer forward.

You can not accelerate the projectile to supersonic speeds, since this will lead to a disruption of the air flow from the stabilizer blades and an increase in dispersion.

The closest analogue of the invention is a turbostabilizer known from RU 95119399 A, class. F 42 B 10/28, publ. November 20, 1997, FIG. 1, p. 3.

The known tool provides rotation of the projectile to stabilize it by performing on the container in which the projectile is located, cut out so that when fired, the gases flowing through the cutouts into the pre-projectile space cause a torque acting on the projectile.

The disadvantages of this tool are the imbalance, instability of the shooting results and the inability to stabilize in the barrel without guides or protrusions.

The objective of the invention is to provide a device that, having a simple design, technological form, low parasitic mass, would ensure that a projectile having the necessary caliber, speed, shape, weight and elongation would be obtained on departure from a smooth barrel. The projectile must be stabilized due to the axial rotation communicated to it in the channel of the smooth barrel at the required speed. In the embodiment of placing the device in front of the projectile, the projectile must rotate around the axis passing through its actual center of gravity. The center of gravity of the projectile must stabilize relative to the axis of the bore without the use of guides.

After departure from the barrel, the device should continue to stabilize and rotate the projectile, and not tip over, under the influence of gases overtaking them, until it is separated from the projectile as a result of the housing opening under the action of centrifugal forces and braking with an oncoming air stream.

The claimed invention is characterized by the following essential features.

1. A gas turbostabilizer uses the energy of a portion of the working gas to rotate the projectile in the barrel bore, due to the pressure of which the projectile moves.

In prototypes, the rotation of the projectile and its stabilization are carried out outside the barrel using an oncoming air stream.

2. The stabilizer has the shape inherent in the construction of gas turbines, i.e. axial and radial. The required amount of gas is passed by the projectile either around the projectile or through a channel inside the projectile, if the projectile is calibrated, or by the discharge of gas into the bypass chamber of the integrated silencer.

In prototypes, the stabilizer takes the form of the plumage of an arrow (air stabilizer).

3. The gas turbostabilizer can be located in front of the projectile, or around the projectile, or behind the projectile. In these cases, he will be either pulling, or leading, or pushing, respectively.

In the embodiment with a pulling gas turbostabilizer, the point of application of the gas pressure force is in front of the center of gravity of the projectile, to which the inertia of the projectile is applied in the opposite direction.

In versions with leading and pushing gas stabilizers, stabilization of the projectile is possible only relative to its geometric center of gravity. Stabilization relative to the axis of the bore is carried out by the guides of the projectile.

In prototypes, the pulling version is unknown to me.

4. The container with the projectile of the pulling gas turbostabilizer does not touch the walls of the barrel. Its stabilization is carried out by rotation and the action of oppositely directed working gas pressure and projectile inertia forces.

In prototypes, pallets and guides mechanically hold the projectile as close as possible to the axis of the barrel channel.

5. After departure from the barrel, the rotating casing of the gas turbostabilizer is opened by centrifugal forces, followed by braking of the parasitic mass, without exception, by the oncoming air flow.

In prototypes, after departure from a smooth barrel, only pallets are separated. The stabilizer stays with the projectile. The separation of pallets occurs under the influence on them, and therefore on the projectile (non-rotating) of overtaking gases and oncoming air flow.

Technical results that can be achieved by using a gas turbostabilizer.

1. The ability to carry ammunition of various types, both sub-caliber and caliber. A variant with a radial gas turbine and exhaust gas discharge through perforation in the barrel walls is possible. These ammunition will have the same (within each type of weapon) dimensions with the possibility of their use in the same barrel with one chamber.

2. The possibility of implementation, thanks to the placement of the container with the shell inside the powder charge, small-caliber ammunition of short length for both smooth and rifled barrels.

3. The ability to implement universal weapon systems capable of using ammunition that is the same in size but different in purpose from small-caliber high-speed to shotguns and grenades without replacing parts and modules.

4. Improving the accuracy of firing due to the use of smooth shells of the most advantageous aerodynamic shape, rotating in the barrel around an axis passing through the actual center of gravity of the projectile.

5. Decrease in the sound of a shot by a supersonic projectile due to its special shape.

6. The possibility of implementing sub-caliber bullets of large relative elongation for pneumatic weapons with a smooth or rifled barrel.

For the manufacture of a gas turbostabilizer, modern polymers are used that have high tensile strength and are able to absorb shock loads. It is possible to use light metal alloys and metal reinforcement.

List of drawings

Figure 1 - section of a cartridge with a pulling gas turbostabilizer.

Figure 2 - scheme of the gas turbostabilizer.

Figure 3 - leading gas turbostabilizer.

Figure 4 - pushing gas turbostabilizer.

Figure 5 - diagram of the release of the projectile from the parasitic mass.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

Gas turbostabilizer can be located in front of the projectile (Fig.1, 2), around the projectile (Fig.3) and behind the projectile (Fig.4). Depending on the location in relation to the projectile is respectively pulling, leading and pushing. The most interesting option with a pulling gas turbostabilizer, because it allows you to place the projectile in a powder charge and use the container without guides (figure 1).

Gas turbostabilizer contains a container 1 for the projectile 2, the stabilizer turbine 3 with the openings 4 and the transmission 5 connecting them, can be made integral or in the form of a single cylindrical shape of the part. The turbine, transmission and partially the container have cuts 6 or weakening cuts 7.

The pulling and leading turbostabilizers transmit torque to the projectile through the container walls tightly pressed to it by the pressure of the working gas.

The pushing stabilizer for transmitting torque has protrusions and recesses inside the container that match those on the projectile.

The stabilizer turbine is a split disk (in the pushing version continuous), having a thickness sufficient to withstand the gas pressure. Along the perimeter of the disc there is a shutter of one of the known designs. At some distance from the edge of the disk or with access to the barrel walls, there are openings for the passage of part of the working gas. The openings have a complex shape gas-dynamic surfaces (gas turbine blades), providing an effective deflection of the gas flows 8 passing through them and the creation of torque.

The cross-sectional area of the openings and the angle of inclination of their surfaces sets the amount of expiring gas and the rotation speed communicated through transmission to the container with the projectile.

During the shot (figure 2, 3, 4), the pressure of the working gas F ₁ acts on the turbostabilizer, which through the transmission communicates the movement of the container with the projectile. The projectile moves along the barrel with acceleration, overcoming the force of inertia f ₂ . At the same time, it begins to rotate due to the torque transmitted to it from the gas turbine.

In the embodiment with a pulling turbostabilizer and a container without guides (Fig. 2), as a result of acting on the container with the projectile of opposite forces and giving it rotation, it stabilizes relative to the axis passing through the center of gravity common to the container and the projectile 0. This axis is stabilized by the same forces relative to the axis of the bore.

In variants with a leading and pushing turbostabilizers, stabilization of the projectile relative to the axis of the barrel is carried out by guides 9 (Figs. 3, 4). This does not mean that stabilization by rotation in these options is impossible, it just requires some complexity of the design and will not always be justified.

After departure from the bore, the gas turbostabilizer accelerates, tightens and stabilizes the projectile for some time. Then, under the action of centrifugal forces, the turbostabilizer body opens up along the cuts or notches and is quickly inhibited by the oncoming air flow.

The shell, freed from all the parasitic mass and possessing the speeds of movement and rotation corresponding to its characteristics, continues to fly along the trajectory.

Claims (6)

1. Gas turbostabilizer for axial rotation and stabilization of the projectile in the barrel of a ballistic weapon, containing rotation means on the container for placing the projectile in it, characterized in that as a means of rotation it contains a gas turbine made in the form of a disk with openings, the walls of which profiled in the shape of gas turbine blades. 2. Gas turbostabilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine is located in front of the container. 3. The gas turbostabilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine is placed around the container. 4. The gas turbostabilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine is located in the rear of the container. 5. The gas turbostabilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the container is made weakening cuts to ensure the disclosure of the container after its departure from the barrel. 6. Gas turbostabilizer according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it is provided with guides.

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