RU2241323C1 - Pneumatic seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, single seed sowing equipment.

SUBSTANCE: pneumatic seeding unit has casing, seed chamber and vacuum chamber, between which seeding disk with suction openings is positioned. Stirrer with peripheral blades is mounted on horizontal rotating shaft of seeding disk. Central part of stirrer is made in the form of disk having end surface extending in parallel with end surface of cutting-off disk. Blades are made in the form of figure comprising cylindrical and semispherical parts joined to one another, said parts having equal curvature radii of their surfaces and being bisected by two mutually perpendicular surfaces. One of these surfaces is extending through axis of cylindrical part and other surface is extending in parallel with said axis and end surface of seeding disk. Cylindrical surface of blade is joined to cylindrical surface of stirrer disk. Generatrix line of cylindrical surface of blade is running at obtuse angle α to tangent to cylindrical surface of stirrer disk at the point of junction. Seed jamming angle √ defined by tangent to spherical surface of blade and seed chamber wall exceeds 45 deg.

EFFECT: improved quality of seeding process owing to improved stirring of seeds in the region of suction openings.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery. In particular, to single-grain pneumatic sowing devices.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus / 1 /, containing a seed and vacuum chamber, between which a metering disk with suction holes is vertically mounted, on which fingers are arranged around the circumference for tedding the seeds.

Such a device does not provide effective seed tedding, which leads to the formation of arches in the seed chamber and, as a result, to poor quality of sowing.

The closest in technical essence to the invention is a pneumatic metering device / 2 / containing a seed hopper, a housing with a seed chamber and a vacuum chamber, between which a metering disk with suction holes is vertically mounted, having a tedder on the horizontal axis of rotation, equipped with peripheral blades . The cross-section agitator has the shape of a truncated cone, tapering to the periphery to orient the seeds to the suction holes of the seed disc. Due to the fact that the area of the working surface of the tedder blades decreases when approaching the suction holes, the efficiency of seed tedding in the area of these holes decreases sharply, which leads to the formation of seeds in the area of the suction holes and reduces the quality of sowing.

The present invention solves the problem of improving the quality of sowing by ensuring effective tedding of seeds in the area of the suction holes.

To solve the problem in a pneumatic sowing device on the horizontal axis of rotation of the sowing disk mounted agitator, having located on the periphery of the blade. The central part of the agitator is made in the form of a disk, the end plane of which is parallel to the end plane of the seed disk, and the blades in the form of a figure obtained by pairing a cylinder and a hemisphere having the same radius of curvature of the surfaces and dissecting them with two mutually perpendicular planes. One of these planes passes through the axis of the cylinder, and the other parallel to this axis and the end surface of the seed disk. The cylindrical surface of the blade is associated with the cylindrical surface of the tedder disk, and the generatrix of the cylindrical surface of the blade makes an obtuse angle α with a tangent to the cylindrical surface of the tedder disk at the point of mating. Moreover, the angle γ formed by a tangent to the spherical surface of the blade and the wall of the seed chamber is greater than 45 °.

The proposed pneumatic metering device is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1-4.

Figure 1 shows a pneumatic metering device, side view;

Figure 2 is a view A in figure 1;

Figure 3 is a section along BB in figure 1;

Figure 4 is a view of B in figure 1.

Pneumatic sowing apparatus (figure 1) contains a hopper 1 for seeds, a housing 2 with a seed chamber 3 and a vacuum chamber 4, between which is placed a vertically located metering disk 5 with suction holes 6 having a tedder on the horizontal axis of rotation 7. Central part 8, agitators 7 are made in the form of a disk, the end plane of which is parallel to the end plane of the seed disk, and the blades 9 are in the form of a figure (Fig. 2) obtained by pairing a cylinder and a hemisphere having the same radius of curvature of the surface her, and dissecting them with two mutually perpendicular planes, one of which passes through the axis of the cylinder, and the other parallel to this axis and the end plane of the seed disk, while the cylindrical surface 10 of the blade 9 (Fig.3) is conjugated with the cylindrical surface 11 of the agitator disk, and the generatrix line 12 of the cylindrical surface of the blade makes an obtuse angle α with a tangent 13 to the cylindrical surface of the agitator disk at their mating point. The angle β characterizes the zone of pressure of the seeds to the suction holes 6, expanded due to the presence of the spherical surface 14 of the blade, which is associated with the cylindrical surface 10. The angle γ (Fig. 4) of pinching of the seeds formed by the tangent 15 to the spherical surface 14 of the blade 9 and the wall 16 of the seed chamber 3, more than 45 °, which eliminates pinching of the seeds between the blades 9 of the agitator 7 and the wall 16 of the seed chamber 3.

The operation of a pneumatic metering device is as follows. Seeds from the hopper 1 enter the seed chamber 3, where, under the influence of the vacuum created in the chamber 4, they are sucked into the holes 6 of the sowing disk 5 and dumped into the coulter (not shown in the drawing). Rotating together with the sowing disk, the agitator 7 with its blades 9 provides effective tedding and collapse of seeds in the area of the suction openings, actively supports and provides a steady supply of seeds to these openings, which contributes to reliable suction of seeds, reduction of gaps in the supply of seeds by the apparatus and improving the quality of sowing.

Used sources

1. USSR copyright certificate No. 334937, cl. A 01 C 7/04, 1972 Bull. No. 13.

2. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 648157, cl. A 01 C 7/04, 1979 Bull. Number 7.

Claims (1)

A pneumatic sowing apparatus comprising a seed hopper, a housing with a seed chamber and a vacuum chamber, between which a metering disk with suction holes is vertically mounted, having a tedder on the horizontal axis of rotation equipped with peripheral blades, characterized in that the central part of the tedder is made in the form a disk, the end plane of which is parallel to the end plane of the sowing disk, and the blades - in the form of a figure obtained by pairing a cylinder and a hemisphere having the radius of curvature of the surfaces is the same, and they are cut into two mutually perpendicular planes, one of which passes through the axis of the cylinder and the other parallel to this axis and the end plane of the seed disk, while the cylindrical surface of the blade is conjugated with the cylindrical surface of the agitator disk, and the line forming the cylindrical surface of the blade makes an obtuse angle α with a tangent to the cylindrical surface of the agitator disk at the point of mating, and the angle γ formed by a tangent to a spherical surface ited blades and the wall of the seed chamber, greater than 45 °.

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