RU2239023C1 - Device for determining hardness properties of rock formations of pit edges - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: device has hydraulic jack, frame, loading mechanism mounted on the frame, and loading plates having spherical apertures. Frame is provided with attachable cutting means mounted with possible displacement in two perpendicular directions relatively to frame, and registering device containing a post with extending rods. Loading mechanism is made detachable and contains screws for transferring pressure with spherical end pieces for insertion into spherical apertures of loading plates. Cutting means may contain a shaft with thread, on opposite ends of which cutting tool in form of cutter is placed as well as handle. Loading mechanism may contain jointly connected fixed and moveable bars, inner surfaces of which form a sharp angle, with hydraulic jack mounted between them with possible swaying, rod of which is made with possible transfer of load to bars and loading plates by means of block of roller ball bearings.

EFFECT: higher precision of detecting rock formations properties, lower laboriousness of research and higher productiveness.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used to determine the mechanical characteristics of rocks, for example, strength properties.

A device for determining the strength properties of rocks according to the VNIMI method, including a jack to create a load applied at an angle of 45 and 60 ° to the plane of weakening (Bondarik GK Methods for determining the strength of clay rocks. - M .: Nedra, 1974. - 214 s , p. 90.).

The limitations of the device in question are as follows:

- it is recommended to evaluate only soil adhesion, since the angle of internal friction cannot be accurately determined due to the small range of standard loads and the small number of test points;

- determination of the angle of internal friction is carried out in laboratory conditions.

Closest to the proposed device is a setup for a shear test collapse containing a thrust beam with a load, a vertically located jack, dynamometer, stamp (Shvets V.B. Eluvial soils as the foundation of structures M .: Stroyizdat, 1964. - 193 p., S .44) The following can be listed as disadvantages of the known device:

- the complexity, complexity and high cost of the experiments;

- the equipment used, heavy and bulky, does not allow for a sufficient number of experiments at different points on the side of the quarry;

- the absence of a recording device for fixing the geometric parameters of the selected rock prisms and caving surfaces;

- low efficiency and lack of functionality of the device.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of determining the reliable strength characteristics of rocks and expand the functionality of the device due to the additional more accurate removal of the parameters of rock deformations.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the device for determining the strength properties of the rocks of the sides of the quarries, including a hydraulic jack, a frame and a loading mechanism mounted on the frame, is characterized in that the frame is equipped with a removable cutting device mounted to move in two mutually perpendicular directions relative to the frame recording device containing a rack with extendable rods, the device is equipped with load plates having spherical openings, and load fur MOD is removable and comprises a pressure transmitting bolts with spherical lugs to enter the spherical hole load plates. The device is also characterized in that the cutting device comprises a threaded shaft, at the opposite ends of which a cutting tool in the form of a milling cutter and a handle are placed, and the loading mechanism comprises articulated fixed and movable rods, the inner surfaces of which comprise an acute angle, and a hydraulic jack is installed between them with the possibility of swing, the rod of which is made with the possibility of transferring the load to the rods and load plates by means of a block of rolling bearings.

The claimed technical solution differs from the prototype in that it improves the efficiency and reliability of determining the strength properties of rocks in the sides of quarries; reduce the cost and complexity of testing; increase the mobility of the device; reduce time spent on the preparation and conduct of tests by combining different studies in one technical tool.

To do this, use:

- a registration device mounted on the frame and allowing high-precision fixation of all the necessary parameters of rock prisms before and after application of the load;

- removable milling device, which allows to reduce the complexity and time of preparation for experiments, as well as to improve the quality of clearing faces, which in turn affects the reliability of the results;

- removable loading mechanism due to the small size allows to reduce the amount of work to clear the faces. At the same time, pressure transmitting screws with spherical tips included in the spherical openings of the loading plates make it possible to transfer the load perpendicular to the end face of the rock prism and change the distance from the center of load application to the face wall;

- a horizontal hydraulic jack with a manometer, taken outside the face, can reduce the complexity of the experiments and increase the accuracy and safety of measuring the load on the rock prism, especially at the time of collapse of the prism.

The limitations of the prototype device is that there is no way to produce prism shifts at different angles to the bedding. Due to the complexity and complexity, and in some breeds and the impossibility of developing faces, it becomes difficult to get a face with dimensions sufficient to install a vertical jack with a stamp, as well as a prism of the correct geometric shape. At the same time, the complexity of organizing the measurements necessary for calculating the parameters of rock prisms before and after application of the load, as well as of caving surfaces, does not allow obtaining the initial data with sufficient accuracy. All of the mentioned limitations of the prototype make it difficult to obtain reliable information about the strength properties of rocks at different points on the side of the quarry in the required period of time.

According to the proposed device, the use of a cutting device mounted on the frame with a mill and a handle located on the shaft, a loading mechanism made in the form of articulated fixed and movable rods, the inner surfaces of which comprise an acute angle, with a hydraulic jack located between them, installed with the possibility of swinging, and a block of rolling bearings connected to the rod of the hydraulic jack, made with the possibility of transferring the load to the rods and load plates, as well as the application of the register ruyuschego device comprising a rack pull-rods, allows to eliminate these drawbacks of the prototype.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the device with a cutting device at the top; figure 2 is a top view of figure 1; figure 3 is a General view of the device with the load mechanism at the top; figure 4 is a top view of figure 3.

The device consists of a frame 1, anchor rods 2, the base of the cutting device 3, cylindrical bushings 4, a shaft 5, a shaft with a thread 6, a milling cutter 7, a handle 8, fixing screws 9, a recording device 10, a rack 11, a retractable rod 12, a screw 13 , beams 14, screws 15, a fixed rod 16, an axis 17, a moving rod 18, an axis 19, a hydraulic jack 20, a moving rod of a hydraulic jack 21, a block of rolling bearings 22, a pressure gauge 23, a pipe 24, a pressure transmission screw from the moving rod 25, a transmission screw pressure from the stationary rod 26, load plates 27 and 28, the upper second hard plate 29, guide parts 30.

The device for determining the strength properties of the rocks of the sides of the quarries is as follows:

- frame 1 of the device is installed on a pre-aligned platform ledge side quarry;

- through the holes in the frame 1 immersed in the rock vertically anchor rods 1 having a thread in the upper part;

- using nuts screwed onto the anchor rods 2, fix the position of the frame 1 in the horizontal and vertical planes;

- carry out the installation of a removable cutting device: in the base of the cutting device 3, including cylindrical bushings 4, set the shaft 5, in the middle of which there is a threaded hole. With this hole, a threaded shaft 6 mates with the shaft 5, then a cutter 7 and a handle 8 are mounted at opposite ends of the shaft 6. The shaft 5 is fixed using the fixing screws 9;

- rotating the handle 8 and, accordingly, the shaft 6, the milling cutter 7 give the rotational-translational movement necessary to clear the face;

- after driving the mine to the required depth, by turning the handle 8 in the opposite direction, the cutter 7 is removed;

- loosening the fixing screws 9, move the shaft 5 and, accordingly, the shaft 6, the cutter 7 and the handle 8 to the left or right, depending on the estimated size of the face;

- fix the shaft 5 using the fixing screws 9 and repeat the same operations as when driving the first mine;

- in the same way, the rest of the workings are drilled, the total transverse dimension of which must correspond to the transverse size of the face, and their depth to the depth of the face. after extracting the cutter 7 from the last workout, the final face stripping is performed in accordance with the required dimensions;

- they cut two vertical slots to the entire height of the rock prism so that the prism is open on three sides and adjoins the wall of the face;

- remove the removable cutting device — for this, the cutter 7 and the handle 8 are removed from the ends of the threaded shaft 6, and then the threaded shaft 6 is removed from the shaft 5 by rotation;

- based on the cutting device 3 set the guide angles 30;

- a loading plate 28 is installed on the upper surface of the prism of the pedigree prism, then, using the guide angles 30, a loading mechanism is pushed into the face consisting of a fixed 16 and a movable 18 rods connected by an axis 17, a hydraulic jack 20 connected to the rod 16 by an axis 19; the movable rod of which 21 is connected to the block of rolling bearings 22.

Simultaneously with the slide of the loading mechanism, a loading plate 27 is installed in the bottom together with the upper thrust plate 29. In this case, the pressure transmission screws with spherical tips 25 and 26 must enter the corresponding spherical openings of the loading plates. For the pressure transfer screw 26 in the loading plate 28, several spherical holes have been prepared, spaced at different distances from the plate, which allows you to change the distance to the center of application of the load from the bottom wall. The movable rod of the hydraulic jack 21 mounted on the axis 19 with the possibility of swing, while in a fixed position, excluding the transfer of force to the load plates 28 and 27.

- using the recording device 10 make the necessary measurements of the prepared rock prism. To do this, the sliding rods 12 with a millimeter scale are moved from the rack 11 until they come into contact with the surface of the rock prism and the face wall, then the required parameters are fixed;

- the test begins with the compression of the breed prism given the minimum vertical load. To do this, using a hydraulic jack 20, a rod 21 and a block of rolling bearings 22, a force is exerted on the inner surfaces of the stationary and movable rods 16, 18, while the inner surfaces of the rods make an acute angle. The minimum vertical load transmitted by the rods 16 and 18 through the screws 25 and 26 is perceived by the load plates 28 and 27;

- make the dismantling of the guide angles 30. In this case, between the base of the cutting device 3 and the rod 16, a gap is formed sufficient to realize its limited movement under the action of the load;

- increasing the vertical load in steps, the rock prism is brought to collapse. In the course of the experiment, with the help of a manometer 23 connected by a pipeline 24 to a hydraulic jack 20, the load is fixed, as well as intermediate stages of the load;

- the surface of the collapse of the prism is cleared and using a recording device 10 take measurements from two opposite sides of the collapsed prism. Next, set the average coordinates of the caving curve;

- in the same way, a second experiment is performed on the collapse of a nearby prismatic and similarly prepared prism, but the distance from the center of load application to the face wall must be changed compared to the corresponding distance in the first experiment. To do this, the pressure transfer screw 26 must fall into the spherical hole of the load plate 28 corresponding to the test program.

The collapse of each of the prisms with a different applied load (with eccentricity with respect to the center of the plate) is necessary to obtain different collapse surfaces. The values of specific adhesion C and the angle of internal friction (determined by a known semi-graphic method, considering the case of limiting equilibrium of a collapsed rock wedge. As a result of the collapse of two identical prisms with differently applied loads, the initial data are needed to compose two equations with two unknowns: C and tgφ. Solving system of equations for C and tanφ, we obtain the values of the strength properties of the studied rocks.

Thus, the use of the proposed device allows you to:

- increase the efficiency and reliability of determining the strength properties of the rocks of the sides of the quarries;

- reduce the cost and complexity of testing;

- reduce operating costs and time spent on

- test preparation;

- increase the mobility of the device, which allows you to conduct experiments in hard-to-reach points of the quarry, difficult for known technologies;

- increase the safety of pilot work related to the collapse of breed prisms.

Claims (3)

1. A device for determining the strength properties of the rocks of the quarry sides, containing a hydraulic jack, a frame and a loading mechanism mounted on the frame, characterized in that the frame is equipped with a removable cutting device mounted to move in two mutually perpendicular directions relative to the frame, and a recording device containing a rack with extendable rods, the device is equipped with load plates having spherical openings, and the load mechanism is removable and contains transmission screws for spherical tips for entering spherical openings of load plates. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting device comprises a threaded shaft, at the opposite ends of which there is a cutting tool in the form of a mill and a handle. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading mechanism comprises articulated fixed and movable rods, the inner surfaces of which make an acute angle, while a jack with a swinging ability is installed between them, the rod of which is configured to transfer loads to the rods and load plates by means of a block of rolling bearings.

Images