CN113418795B - Drilling test system and method for predicting uniaxial compressive strength of coal rock mass - Google Patents
Drilling test system and method for predicting uniaxial compressive strength of coal rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN113418795B CN113418795B CN202110790584.7A CN202110790584A CN113418795B CN 113418795 B CN113418795 B CN 113418795B CN 202110790584 A CN202110790584 A CN 202110790584A CN 113418795 B CN113418795 B CN 113418795B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
Abstract
The invention discloses a drilling test system and a method for predicting uniaxial compressive strength of a coal rock mass, wherein the system comprises a drilling device, a data acquisition device, a confining pressure simulation device, a translation sliding table and a base, the method comprises the steps of firstly acquiring a coal rock mass from a mine, processing the coal rock mass into a plurality of coal rock samples, placing one coal rock sample into a pressure cavity, setting a triaxial confining pressure value, applying triaxial confining pressure to the coal rock sample through three pressure applying plates, then driving a PDC drill bit to drill the coal rock sample through a numerical control drilling machine, monitoring feeding force and torque in real time by a pressure-torsion sensor, calculating the acquired parameters by combining a relational expression of the uniaxial compressive strength, the torque and the feeding force by a computer, and finally predicting the uniaxial compressive strength of the coal rock sample under the current set confining pressure condition; and then, one coal rock sample is selected again, the confining pressure condition is reset, and the process is repeated, so that the uniaxial compressive strength of the mine coal rock under different confining pressure conditions is predicted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling and testing equipment, in particular to a drilling and testing system and method for predicting uniaxial compressive strength of coal rock mass.
Background
The uniaxial compressive strength is one of the most important parameters for representing the rock strength, and the rapid and accurate measurement of the uniaxial compressive strength is the basis for stability analysis and support scheme design of underground engineering surrounding rocks. The existing uniaxial compressive strength measuring method comprises an indoor test and an in-situ measuring technology, wherein the indoor test mainly refers to a laboratory uniaxial compression test. However, when the stress of the surrounding rock is disturbed by activities such as excavation, the mechanical parameters of the surrounding rock will change under the influence of the surrounding pressure, and the laboratory test method cannot evaluate the change in time. The in-situ measurement technique can monitor the change in real time, so that the in-situ measurement technique needs to be vigorously developed to realize the in-situ real-time acquisition of the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock.
At present, the main uniaxial compressive strength in-situ test methods mainly comprise a point load method, a displacement-based inverse analysis method, a measurement while drilling technology and the like. The electric loading method is used for testing the uniaxial compressive strength of the rock mass by crushing a sample through a point loading platform, but has the problem of low precision; the inverse analysis method is to determine the mechanical property of rock or the original ground stress in rock boundary conditions by taking the section displacement data obtained after the underground engineering excavation as a known quantity through inverse analysis. However, the parameters of the rock mass and lithology obtained by the inverse analysis can only be used as equivalent parameters or comprehensive parameters for further calculation, and cannot replace tests and actual measurements, and can not be popularized to general purposes such as surrounding rock stress analysis and the like; the measurement while drilling technology is a field survey technology for inverting the mechanical properties of surrounding rocks according to the stress condition of a drill rod in the drilling process, can accurately monitor the change of drilling parameters in the drilling process, realizes the prediction of the mechanical properties of rocks, and is widely applied to the fields of geological exploration, tunnel excavation, coal mining and the like.
The existing measurement while drilling technology needs to input four parameters including feeding force, torque, drilling speed and drill rod rotating speed for the parameter inversion of rock mechanical properties. However, due to equipment limitation, in the field construction process, the drilling speed is usually obtained indirectly by recording the travel distance of the drill rod through a stopwatch, and the rotating speed of the drill rod is obtained by reading a set value of the drilling machine, but the drilling machine is influenced by power under different drilling states, the rotating speed can be changed, and the real-time measurement of the drilling speed and the rotating speed of the drill rod in the drilling process is difficult. Therefore, a method capable of predicting uniaxial compressive strength of the coal rock mass only by feeding two easily-measured parameters of feeding force and torque is sought, a test system capable of rapidly and accurately acquiring the required parameters and simulating different confining pressure conditions borne by a drill bit in the drilling process is built, the uniaxial compressive strength of the coal rock mass under different confining pressure conditions is finally and accurately obtained, and the method has positive significance for promoting in-situ measurement research of coal bed mechanical parameters while drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a drilling test system and a drilling test method for predicting coal rock uniaxial compressive strength, which can accurately acquire each parameter in real time, simulate different confining pressure conditions applied in a drilling process of a drill bit and finally predict the coal rock uniaxial compressive strength under different confining pressure conditions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a drilling test system and a method for predicting uniaxial compressive strength of a coal rock mass are disclosed, the system comprises a drilling device, a data acquisition device, a confining pressure simulation device, a translation sliding table and a base,
the drilling device comprises a numerically controlled drilling machine, a reducing sleeve, a drill rod and a PDC drill bit (namely a diamond composite bit), wherein one end of the reducing sleeve is coaxially connected with a main shaft of the numerically controlled drilling machine, the other end of the reducing sleeve is coaxially connected with one end of the drill rod, and the other end of the drill rod is coaxially connected with the PDC drill bit; the numerical control drilling machine provides drilling power for the PDC drill bit through the main shaft, the reducing sleeve and the drill rod;
the data acquisition device comprises a pressure-torsion sensor, a signal transmitter and a computer, wherein the pressure-torsion sensor is fixed on the upper part of the translation sliding table and is connected with the computer through the signal transmitter; the signal transmitter is used for feeding back the feeding force and the torque monitored by the pressure-torque sensor to the computer;
the confining pressure simulation device is fixed on the upper part of the pressure torsion sensor and is positioned below the PDC drill bit and comprises a pressure cavity, and three pressing plates which are vertical in pairs are arranged in the pressure cavity; the cavity wall at the top of the pressure cavity is provided with a through hole, the three pressure applying plates and the pressure cavity wall can jointly cover the coal rock sample to form a hexahedron when applying pressure, each pressure applying plate is respectively connected with one hydraulic push rod, and each hydraulic push rod is respectively connected with one oil pump; the confining pressure simulation device is used for simulating an underground actual confining pressure environment;
the base is provided with a slide rail, and the translation sliding table is arranged on the slide rail and can move along the slide rail; the translation sliding table is used for adjusting the positions of the confining pressure simulation device and the data acquisition device.
Furthermore, the through hole is circular, and the diameter of the through hole is 2-4mm larger than that of the PDC drill bit.
A drilling test method for predicting uniaxial compressive strength of a coal-rock mass comprises the following specific steps:
A. collecting a coal rock mass from a mine and processing the coal rock mass into a plurality of coal rock samples;
B. one coal rock sample is placed in a pressure cavity, and then the position of the pressure cavity is adjusted through a translation sliding table, so that a through hole of the pressure cavity is positioned right below a PDC drill bit;
C. setting the pressure required to be applied by the three groups of pressure applying plates, controlling the three oil pumps to enable the three pressure applying plates and the wall of the pressure cavity to apply three-axis confining pressure on the coal rock sample, and keeping the state;
D. starting a numerically controlled drilling machine, wherein the numerically controlled drilling machine provides drilling power for a PDC drill bit through a main shaft, a reducing sleeve and a drill rod, the PDC drill bit is driven to penetrate through a through hole to enter a pressure cavity, the PDC drill bit drills a coal rock sample at the moment, a pressure-torque sensor monitors torque and feeding force applied by the PDC drill bit to the coal rock sample in the drilling process in real time, and the torque and the feeding force are fed back to a computer through a signal transmitter for recording;
E. the computer calculates according to the received real-time torque and feeding force data by combining the relation of the uniaxial compressive strength and the torque and feeding force, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula, MbThe torque, Nm, suffered by the PDC bit; fbThe feeding force to which the PDC bit is subjected, N; d' is the distance between two diamond compacts of the PDC drill bit, and is mm; sigmacUniaxial compressive strength, MPa; saThe contact area of the bottom of the cutting tool and the rock is related to the wear degree of the PDC drill bit and is regarded as a fixed value; gamma is the inclination angle of the diamond compact of the PDC bit; alpha is the included angle between the acting force of the rock inclined plane to the diamond compact and the normal of the inclined plane.
The torque and the feeding force are in a linear relation according to the formula (1), and the following formula is satisfied:
in the formula, A is the slope of linear fitting, B is the intercept of linear fitting, B is the quantity related to uniaxial compressive strength, and B and A are subjected to division processing to eliminate the influence of parameters alpha and gamma on the formula, so that formula (3) is obtained:
after finishing, obtaining:
carrying out linear fitting on torque and feed force data obtained by a data acquisition system in the drilling process to obtain the slope A and intercept B values of a fitting equation, substituting into formula (4), namely predicting the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the coal rock sample under the current set confining pressure conditioncA value;
F. taking out the tested coal rock sample, selecting one from the plurality of coal rock samples in the step A, setting a confining pressure value, and repeating the steps B to E, thereby obtaining the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the coal rock sample under the confining pressure condition set at this timecA value; repeating the steps for a plurality of times, and predicting the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the mine coal rock mass under different confining pressure conditionscThe value is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts a mode of combining the drilling device, the data acquisition device, the confining pressure simulation device, the translation sliding table and the base, firstly acquires a coal rock mass from a mine and processes the coal rock mass into a plurality of coal rock samples; putting one of the coal rock samples into a pressure cavity, setting a three-axis confining pressure value, applying three-axis confining pressure on the coal rock sample through three pressure applying plates, then driving a PDC drill bit to drill the coal rock sample through a numerically-controlled drilling machine, and in the drilling process, because a pressure-torsion sensor is fixedly connected with the pressure cavity, the torque and the feed force applied to the coal rock sample and the pressure cavity by the PDC drill bit can be transmitted to the pressure-torsion sensor, and according to the Newton's third law, the feed force and the torque monitored by the pressure-torsion sensor in real time are the value which is obtained by drilling the PDC drill bit throughThe computer calculates the acquired parameters by combining the relation among the uniaxial compressive strength, the torque and the feeding force, and finally can predict the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the coal rock sample under the current set confining pressure conditioncA value; then one coal rock sample is selected again, the confining pressure condition is reset, and the process is repeated, so that the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the mine coal rock under different confining pressure conditions can be predictedcA value; therefore, the drilling and testing system disclosed by the invention can accurately acquire each parameter in real time, can simulate different confining pressure conditions applied to the drilling process of the underground construction drill bit, and finally accurately obtain the uniaxial compressive strength of the coal rock mass under different confining pressure conditions; and based on the drilling and testing system, a coupling rule between the while-drilling parameters and the uniaxial compressive strength of the coal rock mass is explored, a mechanical model is established, a mathematical model of the while-drilling parameters and the mechanical characteristic parameters is obtained according to a large amount of tested data, and guidance is provided for underground actual while-drilling monitoring, data processing and mechanical characteristic parameter prediction.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of the drilling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a confining pressure simulation apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the data acquisition device of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-drilling device, 11-numerical control drilling machine, 12-reducing sleeve, 13-drill rod, 14-PDC drill bit, 2-confining pressure simulation device, 21-pressure cavity, 22-hydraulic push rod, 23-pressing plate, 24-coal rock sample and 25-oil pump; 3-data acquisition device, 31-pressure torsion sensor, 32-signal transmitter, 33-computer, 4-translation sliding table.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained below.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the device comprises a drilling device 1, a data acquisition device 3, a confining pressure simulation device 2, a translation sliding table 4 and a base,
the drilling device 1 comprises a numerically controlled drilling machine 11, a reducing sleeve 12, a drill rod 13 and a PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) drill bit 14, wherein one end of the reducing sleeve 12 is coaxially connected with a main shaft of the numerically controlled drilling machine 11, the other end of the reducing sleeve 12 is coaxially connected with one end of the drill rod 13, and the other end of the drill rod 13 is coaxially connected with the PDC drill bit 14; the numerical control drilling machine 11 provides drilling power for the PDC drill bit 14 through the main shaft, the reducing sleeve 12 and the drill rod 13;
the data acquisition device 3 comprises a pressure-torsion sensor 31, a signal transmitter 32 and a computer 33, wherein the pressure-torsion sensor 31 is fixed on the upper part of the translation sliding table 4, and the pressure-torsion sensor 31 is connected with the computer 33 through the signal transmitter 32; the signal transmitter 32 is used for feeding back the feeding force and torque signals monitored by the pressure-torque sensor 31 to the computer 33;
the confining pressure simulation device 2 is fixed on the upper part of the pressure torsion sensor 31 and is positioned below the PDC drill bit 14, and comprises a pressure cavity 21, and three groups of pressure applying plates 23 which are arranged oppositely in pairs are arranged in the pressure cavity 21; the top cavity wall of the pressure cavity 21 is provided with a through hole, the through hole is circular, the diameter of the through hole is 3mm larger than that of the PDC drill bit 14, the three pressing plates 23 can cover the coal rock sample together with the pressure cavity wall when pressing, the coal rock sample forms a hexahedron, each pressing plate 23 is connected with one hydraulic push rod 22, and each hydraulic push rod 22 is connected with one oil pump 25; the confining pressure simulation device 2 is used for simulating an underground actual confining pressure environment;
the base is provided with a slide rail, and the translation sliding table 4 is arranged on the slide rail and can move along the slide rail; the translation sliding table 4 is used for adjusting the position of the confining pressure simulation device 2.
The method for predicting the uniaxial compressive strength of the coal rock mass by adopting the device comprises the following specific steps:
A. collecting a coal rock mass from a mine and processing the coal rock mass into a plurality of coal rock samples 24;
B. one of the coal rock samples 24 is placed in the pressure cavity 21, and then the position of the pressure cavity 21 is adjusted through the translation sliding table 4, so that the through hole is positioned under the PDC drill bit 14;
C. setting the pressure required to be applied by the three groups of pressure applying plates 23, and controlling the three oil pumps 25 to enable the three groups of pressure applying plates 23 to apply triaxial confining pressure on the coal rock sample 24 and keep the state;
D. starting the numerically controlled drilling machine 11, wherein the numerically controlled drilling machine 11 provides drilling power for the PDC drill bit 14 through the main shaft, the reducing sleeve 12 and the drill rod 13, drives the PDC drill bit 14 to penetrate through the through hole and enter the pressure cavity 21, at the moment, the PDC drill bit 14 drills the coal rock sample 24, the pressure-torque sensor 31 monitors the torque and feeding force applied to the coal rock sample 24 by the PDC drill bit 14 in the drilling process in real time, and feeds the torque and feeding force back to the computer 33 through the signal transmitter 32 for recording;
E. the computer 33 calculates according to the received real-time torque and feeding force data by combining the relational expression of the uniaxial compressive strength, the torque and the feeding force, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula, MbThe torque, Nm, suffered by the PDC bit; fbThe feeding force to which the PDC bit is subjected, N; d' is the distance between two diamond compacts of the PDC drill bit, and is mm; sigmacUniaxial compressive strength, MPa; saThe contact area of the bottom of the cutting tool and the rock is related to the wear degree of the PDC drill bit and is regarded as a fixed value; gamma is the inclination angle of the diamond compact of the PDC bit; alpha is the included angle between the acting force of the rock inclined plane to the diamond compact and the normal of the inclined plane.
The torque and the feeding force are in a linear relation according to the formula (1), and the following formula is satisfied:
in the formula, A is the slope of linear fitting, B is the intercept of linear fitting, B is the quantity related to uniaxial compressive strength, and B and A are subjected to division processing to eliminate the influence of parameters alpha and gamma on the formula, so that formula (3) is obtained:
after finishing, obtaining:
carrying out linear fitting on torque and feed force data obtained by a data acquisition system in the drilling process to obtain the slope A and intercept B values of a fitting equation, substituting into formula (4), namely predicting the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the coal rock sample under the current set confining pressure conditioncA value;
F. taking out the tested coal rock sample, selecting one coal rock sample from the plurality of coal rock samples 24 in the step A, setting a confining pressure value, and repeating the steps B to E, thereby obtaining the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the coal rock sample 24 under the confining pressure setting condition at this timecA value; repeating the steps for a plurality of times, and predicting the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the mine coal rock mass under different confining pressure conditionscThe value is obtained.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A use method of a drilling test system for predicting uniaxial compressive strength of a coal rock mass is characterized in that the adopted drilling test system comprises a drilling device, a data acquisition device, a confining pressure simulation device, a translation sliding table and a base,
the drilling device comprises a numerically controlled drilling machine, a reducing sleeve, a drill rod and a PDC drill bit, wherein one end of the reducing sleeve is coaxially connected with a main shaft of the numerically controlled drilling machine, the other end of the reducing sleeve is coaxially connected with one end of the drill rod, and the other end of the drill rod is coaxially connected with the PDC drill bit; the numerical control drilling machine provides drilling power for the PDC drill bit through the main shaft, the reducing sleeve and the drill rod;
the data acquisition device comprises a pressure-torsion sensor, a signal transmitter and a computer, wherein the pressure-torsion sensor is fixed on the upper part of the translation sliding table and is connected with the computer through the signal transmitter; the signal transmitter is used for feeding back the feeding force and torque signals monitored by the pressure-torque sensor to the computer;
the confining pressure simulation device is fixed on the upper part of the pressure torsion sensor and is positioned below the PDC drill bit and comprises a pressure cavity, and three pressing plates which are vertical in pairs are arranged in the pressure cavity; the cavity wall at the top of the pressure cavity is provided with a through hole, the three pressure applying plates and the pressure cavity wall can jointly cover the coal rock sample to form a hexahedron when applying pressure, each pressure applying plate is respectively connected with one hydraulic push rod, and each hydraulic push rod is respectively connected with one oil pump; the confining pressure simulation device is used for simulating an underground actual confining pressure environment;
the base is provided with a slide rail, and the translation sliding table is arranged on the slide rail and can move along the slide rail; translation slip table is used for adjusting data acquisition device's position, ensures that pressure is turned round sensor center and drilling rod axis and aligns, and concrete step is:
A. collecting a coal rock mass from a mine and processing the coal rock mass into a plurality of coal rock samples;
B. one coal rock sample is placed in a pressure cavity, and then the position of the pressure cavity is adjusted through a translation sliding table, so that a through hole of the pressure cavity is positioned right below a PDC drill bit;
C. controlling three oil pumps to set an application pressure value, applying three-axis confining pressure to the coal rock sample through three pressure applying plates, and keeping the state;
D. starting a numerically controlled drilling machine, wherein the numerically controlled drilling machine provides drilling power for a PDC drill bit through a main shaft, a reducing sleeve and a drill rod, the PDC drill bit is driven to penetrate through a through hole to enter a pressure cavity, the PDC drill bit drills a coal rock sample at the moment, a pressure-torque sensor monitors torque and feeding force applied by the PDC drill bit to the coal rock sample in the drilling process in real time, and the torque and the feeding force are fed back to a computer through a signal transmitter for recording;
E. the computer calculates according to the received real-time torque and feeding force data by combining the uniaxial compressive strength and the mechanical relational expression of the torque and the feeding force, and specifically comprises the following steps:
in the formula, MbThe torque, Nm, suffered by the PDC bit; fbThe feeding force to which the PDC bit is subjected, N; d' is the distance between two diamond compacts of the PDC drill bit, and is mm; sigmacUniaxial compressive strength, MPa; saThe contact area of the bottom of the cutting tool and the rock is related to the wear degree of the PDC drill bit and is regarded as a fixed value; gamma is the inclination angle of the diamond compact of the PDC bit; alpha is the included angle between the acting force of the rock inclined plane to the diamond compact and the normal of the inclined plane;
the torque and the feeding force are in a linear relation according to the formula (1), and the following formula is satisfied:
in the formula, A is the slope of linear fitting, B is the intercept of linear fitting, B is the quantity related to uniaxial compressive strength, and B and A are subjected to division processing to eliminate the influence of parameters alpha and gamma on the formula, so that formula (3) is obtained:
after finishing, obtaining:
carrying out linear fitting on torque and feed force data obtained by a data acquisition system in the drilling process to obtain the slope A and intercept B values of a fitting equation, substituting into formula (4), namely predicting the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the coal rock sample under the current set confining pressure conditioncA value;
F. taking out the tested coal rock sample, selecting one from the plurality of coal rock samples in the step A, setting a confining pressure value, and repeating the steps B to E, thereby obtaining the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the coal rock sample under the confining pressure condition set at this timecA value; repeating the steps for a plurality of times, and predicting the uniaxial compressive strength sigma of the mine coal rock mass under different confining pressure conditionscThe value is obtained.
2. The method of using the drilling test system for predicting uniaxial compressive strength of a coal rock mass according to claim 1, wherein the through hole is circular and has a diameter 2-4mm larger than that of a PDC drill bit.
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| CN114017029B (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-11-15 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal body stress measurement while drilling experimental method and device |
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| CN116659834B (en) * | 2023-05-24 | 2023-12-08 | 广东鼎泰高科技术股份有限公司 | Apparatus and method for evaluating drill performance |
| CN116893258B (en) * | 2023-07-12 | 2024-03-19 | 中国矿业大学 | Device for measuring while drilling of composite rock stratum structure and intelligent identification method |
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