RU2238925C1 - Organo-ash fertilizer and a method for preparation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: organomineral fertilizers.

SUBSTANCE: organomineral lime-bearing fertilizers obtained from industrial utilization products, which can be used in agriculture forestry, contain mix of peat ashes with moisture no higher than 12% and organic constituent in the form of dried poultry dung with moisture 17-20%. Poultry dung may be additionally mixed with sawdust and peat. Ratio of elements N/P/K in fertilizer can be 1:1.9:1.3. Content of particles larger than 1 mm in mixture is 15%. Fertilizer preparation method is provided, which consists in mixing components accompanied with thermal drying of poultry dung at 600-800^оС until indicated moisture content is attained. Mixture of poultry dung with sawdust and peat is stored for three days or, alternatively, mixture of poultry dung with sawdust is stored for three days, after which is added peat.

EFFECT: increased productivity of agriculture plants without any harmful environmental consequences.

9 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to organomineralic calcareous fertilizers and to a method for their production from industrial disposal products and can be used in agriculture and forestry.

Organic fertilizer is known, formed from a mixture of organic material (for example, poultry manure, sewage sludge, food waste, cotton manufactory, compost of used mushrooms, liquid waste in the production of methane and alcohol, etc.), water, and measured basic inorganic values elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur [1]. The components mixed in the reactor system with the first of the materials in the form of humic acid are hydrolyzed at elevated temperature and pressure, after which the fertilizer is dried and granulated.

The disadvantage of this fertilizer is the complexity of its manufacture.

It is also known fertilizer formed from sewage sludge to reduce the pathogens of concentrated sulfuric acid, and fly ash by sintering [2]. Calcium oxide in the ash reacts with sulfuric acid to form calcium sulfate dihydrate. The amount of sulfuric acid can be controlled to obtain an acidic pH fertilizer used for alkaline soils. Ash with a high pH of 11 to 13 is suitable for fertilizer.

The disadvantage of this invention is the presence of pathogenic substances in fertilizers.

In addition, it is known fertilizer containing coal waste directly mixed with manure, which is then inoculated with the bacterial culture of Bacillus mycoides, after which the preparation of humic acids is administered [3].

The disadvantage of this invention is the negative effect of coal ash on the crop due to the formation of sulfides. In addition, coal ash is poor in nutrients and has an extremely low neutralizing ability (0.5-0.2%) and therefore is not recommended for use.

In addition, organic fertilizer containing fly ash is known that is utilized by burning coal with an organic component containing manure, which is formed into sheets by compression of the resulting mixture [4].

The disadvantage of this invention is the negative effect of coal ash on the crop due to the formation of sulfides.

Closest to the proposed one is an organosol fertilizer containing an organic component, for example, in the form of solid waste (ground wood waste) and liquid waste (alkali sulphite and bisulphite pulping) of the pulp industry and peat ash [5].

The disadvantage of this invention is the insufficient agrochemical effectiveness of the fertilizer due to the relatively low content of utilized plant nutrients in the waste cellulose production.

The aim of the invention is to increase the agrochemical effectiveness of fertilizers and simplify the method of its production.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in an organosol fertilizer containing a mixture of peat ash and an organic component, the fertilizer contains thermally dried bird droppings with a moisture content of 17-20% as an organic component, and the moisture content of peat ash is not more than 12% to avoid freezing of the fertilizer mixture.

Preferably, the bird droppings in the fertilizer are further mixed with sawdust and peat.

Preferably, the ratio of N: P: K elements in the fertilizer is 1: 1.9: 1.3 to increase agrochemical efficiency.

It is preferable that the particle content in the fertilizer larger than 1 mm is 15% to facilitate the application of soil gravel.

This goal is also achieved by the fact that in the method of producing organosol fertilizer, comprising mixing peat ash and an organic component, thermally dried poultry manure is used as an organic component to a moisture content of 17-20% at 600-800 ° C and mixing is carried out until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

Preferably, the thermally dried bird droppings are mixed with sawdust and peat before being mixed with peat ash and kept for three days.

In another embodiment, it is preferable that the thermally dried bird droppings are mixed with sawdust before being mixed with peat ash, kept for three days and then peat is added.

Preferably, the mixing of the components is carried out for 10-15 minutes until the formation of said homogeneous mixture.

Preferably, the peat ash particles are crushed to a value of not more than 1 mm and the content of particles larger than 1 mm in the fertilizer is 15%.

The advantage of the fertilizer described above and the method of its production compared to existing analogues is that organosol fertilizer not only provides the soil and plants with the main nutrients: N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, but at the same time eliminates the excess acidity of the soil and enriches it SiO ₂ (content of about 44% in peat ash), which is especially important for soils of granulometric composition: sandy and sandy loam. Such an organosol fertilizer is highly efficient and easy to manufacture.

According to the authors, the mixture of bird droppings - ash contains,%: N 2.25, P 4.35, K 2.85, CaO 9.1, MgO 1.4, and also SiO ₂ 21.

The neutralizing ability of this fertilizer is 20-25%. With an average nitrogen dose of 60 kg / ha, an average annual dose of this fertilizer of 2666 kg / ha is required.

The research results showed that the use of peat ash as a hallmark in the composition of the fertilizer increases the yield by at least 1.5 times. The effect of peat ash on the crop, for example, alfalfa is shown only for illustration in the table. The average yield increase from organic fertilizers according to experimental data is at least 55%.

As a result of the foregoing, it can be confidently stated that organosol fertilizers will provide at least a two-fold increase in crop yield over 4-5 years. There will be no negative environmental consequences (accumulation of nitrates, heavy metals, radionuclides in plant products).

Sources of information

1. US 4743287, cl. C 05 F 13/00, 1988.

2. US 5482528, cl. C 02 F 11/14, 1996.

3. SU 1609063, class C 05 F 11/08, 1996.

4. US 5468276, cl. C 05 F 3/00, 1995.

5. SU 1813770, class C 05 F 11/00, 1993.

Claims (9)

1. Organosol fertilizer containing a mixture of peat ash and an organic component, characterized in that the organic component of the fertilizer contains thermally dried bird droppings with a moisture content of 17-20%, and the moisture content of peat ash is not more than 12%. 2. Organosol fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the bird droppings are additionally mixed with sawdust and peat. 3. Organosol fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of N: P: K elements in the fertilizer is 1: 1.9: 1.3, respectively. 4. Organosol fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the content of particles in the fertilizer larger than 1 mm is 15%. 5. A method of producing an organosol fertilizer, comprising mixing peat ash and an organic component, characterized in that the organic component is a thermally dried bird droppings to a moisture content of 17-20% at 600-800 ° C and mixing is carried out until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. 6. The method of producing organosol fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that the thermally dried bird droppings are mixed with sawdust and peat before being mixed with peat ash and kept for three days. 7. The method of producing organosol fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that the thermally dried poultry manure is mixed with sawdust before mixing with peat ash, kept for three days and then added peat. 8. The method of producing organosol fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mixing of the components is carried out for 10-15 minutes 9. The method of producing organosol fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that the peat ash particles are crushed to sizes no larger than 1 mm and the content of such particles in the fertilizer is 15%.