RU2238639C1 - Irrigation system for sewage water irrigation on low slopes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, sewage water irrigation equipment.

SUBSTANCE: irrigation system has supply pipeline. Sewage water is delivered through supply pipeline into mechanical purification construction and further into double-sectioned accumulating tank to be diluted with pure water in the ratio of 1:3. Diluted sewage water is supplied via distribution channel into irrigator and further via stationary irrigation pipes into irrigation furrows for flooding thereof. Stationary irrigation pipes are positioned on irrigator dam in spaced relation with respect to one another, said space ranging from 0.6 m to 0.9 m, depending on slope of irrigation level. For irrigation of continuous seeding farm crops on irrigation level with gradient of 0.004-0.007, width of flow-through irrigation furrow bottom is from 0.13 m to 0.15 m, width of flow-through furrow top part is from 0.23 m to 0.25 m, depth is from 0.10 m to 0.12 m, and width of spacing is 0.60 m. In irrigation zone with gradient i ≤ 0.004, flow-through irrigation furrow has bottom width of from 0.23 m to 0.25 m and top width of from 0.33 m to 0.35 m, depth of from 0.09 m to 0.11 m and width of spacing of 0.90 m. It allows irrigation stream horizon to be above furrow ridge by 0.02 m to 0.03 m. Such system allows irrigation norm to be reduced by 2-3 times for irrigation of continuous drilling crops on irrigation zones with gradient below 0.007. As a result, sewage water is localized only within active layer of ground.

EFFECT: uniform wetting of crop root system of narrow row crops, especially at the initial germination stage, reduced consumption of deficit irrigation water and improved ecological safety for environment.

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Description

The irrigation system is designed for irrigation with sewage on small slopes, ensuring the protection of water resources and the environment from pollution.

Surface irrigation on small slopes is carried out mainly on deep flowing furrows, which are filled with water at 2/3 of their depths and moisten the soil through the bottom and wetted part of the slopes. Such moistening of the soil is not enough for continuous sowing crops (cereals, perennial and annual grasses, etc.), especially when their root system is not yet developed. For this reason, continuous sowing crops are watered in strips.

A well-known irrigation system with irrigation along the slope for wastewater treatment, including sewage and clean water pipelines, mechanical wastewater treatment plants, a storage pond, a slope with a natural biological treatment section with irrigation blocks formed by longitudinal rollers of the profile passed for agricultural machinery, and across irrigation blocks, mainly along the contour lines, cut the steady hollows of the profile also passed for agricultural machinery [1].

However, many years of experience in irrigation of crops of continuous sowing by filling in strips in irrigated areas with a slope of less than 0.007, showed that the irrigation rate under these conditions increases sharply and reaches up to 2000 m ³ / ha or more, which leads to significant losses of scarce irrigation water, and also to salinization and waterlogging of irrigated lands [2].

The purpose of the invention: a decrease in irrigation rates by 2 ... 3 times when watering continuous crops in irrigated areas with slopes less than 0.007; providing more uniform moistening of the root system of narrow-row crops, especially in the initial stage of their development; saving scarce irrigation water, which is achieved through the use of flooded irrigation furrows.

The solution of this problem is carried out by the fact that on the irrigation system with irrigation with sewage on small slopes arranged irrigation tiers of natural biological treatment formed by permanent sprinklers [3], reinforced irrigation pipes and flowing flooded irrigation furrows [4]. Irrigation pipes with a diameter of 0.04 ... 0.06 m are installed in the dam dam every 0.6 ... 0.9 m, depending on the slope of the surface of the irrigation layer. Flowing flooded irrigation furrows up to 500 m long on slopes ranging from 0.004 to 0.007 are made along the bottom from 0.13 to 0.15 m wide, from the top from 0.23 to 0.25 m wide, from 0.10 to 0 deep , 12 m with a row spacing of 0.60 m, and in the irrigated area with slopes i≤0.004, flowing irrigation furrows are made along the bottom from 0.23 to 0.25 m wide, from the top 0.33 to 0.35 m wide, depth from 0.09 to 0.11 m with a row spacing of 0.90 m, to ensure that the horizon of the irrigation stream above the crest of the furrow is in the range from 0.02 to 0.03 m.

Figure 1 shows an irrigation system with irrigation of wastewater on small slopes; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; figure 3 is a section bB in figure 1; figure 4 is a longitudinal profile of the sprinkler with its hydraulic parameters.

The irrigation system with irrigation of wastewater on small slopes includes a sewage supply pipe 1, a mechanical wastewater treatment plant 2, a clean water supply pipe 3, a two-section storage pond 4 diluted wastewater, a district distribution channel 5, reinforced with outlets, irrigation 6, reinforced irrigation pipes 16, irrigation tier 7, flooded irrigation furrows 8, horizontal 9, enclosing roller 10, reserve platform 11, enclosing roller 12 for the accumulation of storm water flowing from the surface irrigation system. An automated pumping station 13 is installed on the reserve site for pumping storm water through a pipeline 14 to a storage pond.

In the upper part of the irrigation system, a ditch 15 is located to protect the system from storm water flowing down from the catchment area located above.

The system operates as follows.

Wastewater through the inlet pipe 1 enters the mechanical treatment plant 2 and then into the two-section storage pond 4, where they are diluted with clean water in the ratio 1: 3 using the inlet pipe 3. Diluted wastewater through the district distribution channel 5 is supplied through the water outlet to the sprinkler 6 and then through the irrigation pipes 16 to the flooded irrigation furrows 8 cut into the irrigation layer 7.

For irrigation of crops of continuous sowing on the irrigation line 7 with slopes ranging from 0.004 to 0.007, flowing irrigation furrows are made along the bottom from 0.13 to 0.15 m wide, from the top from 0.23 to 0.25 m wide, from depth to 0.10 to 0.12 m with a row spacing of 0.60 m, and in the irrigated area with slopes i≤0.004, flowing irrigation grooves are made along the bottom from 0.23 to 0.25 m wide, from the top from 0.33 to 0.35 m, depth from 0.09 to 0.11 m with a row spacing of 0.90 m, to ensure that the horizon of the irrigation stream above the crest of the furrow is in the range from 0.02 to 0.03 m.

When making an application, the following conventions were adopted:

Q _b - irrigation flow produced in the irrigation furrow, m ³ / s;

q _b - the specific consumption of the furrow, determined by the formula

q _b = Q _b / b _b.av. , m ³ / (s m),

where b _b.s. - the average width of the furrow (in a flat task), m;

b _p.s - the estimated width of the front of the irrigation jet (row spacing), m;

N _b - water depth of the irrigation stream in the furrow, determined according to the schedule of the limiting values of specific costs [5], which was developed according to the results of many years of experience in watering crops of continuous sowing, m;

t _b - the specified depth of the irrigation furrow, m;

l _{P. i} - the length of the furrow (irrigation layer), m;

V _b - the speed of the irrigation stream in the furrow, determined by the formula

V _b = q _b / N _b , m / s,

Z is the excess of the horizon of the irrigation stream over the crest of the irrigation furrow, determined by the formula

Z = N _b -t _b , m

m - irrigation rate, m ³ / ha;

i - the slope of the irrigation plot.

Calculations show that the decrease in the irrigation rate is due to an increase in the specific flow rate and, accordingly, the hydraulic slope and the flow rate of the irrigation stream in the flooded irrigation furrow. So, for example, in an irrigated area with slopes ranging from 0.004 to 0.007 with an irrigation flow rate Q _b = 0.002 m ³ / s, discharged into the furrow with a width along the bottom from 0.13 to 0.15 m, a width at the top from 0, 23 to 0.25 m, depth from 0.10 to 0.12 m, the specific groove consumption increases to q _b = 0.01 m ³ / (s m) and the jet velocity accordingly increases with V = 0.054 m / s ( when watering in strips) to V _b = 0.072 m / s, while the irrigation rate is reduced to m = 463 m ³ / ha, against m = 926 m ³ / ha when watering with inlet in strips, i.e. 2 times. And in the irrigated area with slopes i≤0.004 with irrigation flow Q _b = 0.002 m ³ / s, released into the furrow with a width along the bottom from 0.23 to 0.25 m, a width at the top from 0.33 to 0.35 m , with a depth of 0.09 to 0.11 m, the specific consumption of the furrow is q _b = 0.0067 m ³ (s m), the jet velocity V = 0.053 m / s and the irrigation rate is reduced to m = 418 m ³ / hectares, against m = 1181 m ³ / hectare when irrigation with watering in strips.

The use of this system allows to reduce the irrigation rate by 2 ... 3 times when irrigating continuous sowing crops in irrigated areas with slopes less than 0.007, as a result of which the wastewater is localized within the active soil layer and subsequently is spent only on evaporation and transpiration by cultivated plants; provide a more uniform hydration of the root system of narrow-row crops, especially in the initial stage of their development; save scarce irrigation water; increase ecological safety of the environment.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Tyutyukin V.F., Ivanov O.A. Slope irrigation system for wastewater treatment. RF patent No. 2128904, cl. A 01 G 25 / 00-, Bull. No. 11 dated 04/20/1999.

2. Shtepa B.G. Irrigation system for grain and forage crops. Yuzhgiprovodkhoz, Rostov-on-Don, 1978.

3. Tyutyukin V.F. Irrigation system with irrigation along flowing furrows. RF patent No. 2193841, cl. A 01 G 25/02, Bull. No. 34 dated 12/10/2002.

4. Tyutyukin V.F. Furrow irrigation system. Application for the proposed invention No.2000117322 / 13 (018064).

5. Tyutyukin V.F. The method of calculating the basic elements of irrigation technology in wide and long strips with the device of steady hollows. “Intensification of fodder production on the reclaimed lands of Siberia”. SibNIIIGiM, Krasnoyarsk, 1988.

Claims (2)

1. Irrigation system with irrigation with wastewater on small slopes, including sewage and clean water pipelines, mechanical wastewater treatment facilities, a pond, a slope with a natural biological treatment section with irrigation blocks formed by longitudinal rollers of a profile passed for agricultural machinery, characterized in that for irrigation of crops of continuous sowing on an irrigation layer with slopes within 0.004-0.007, flowing irrigation furrows are made at the bottom width of 0.13-0.15 m, at the top 0.23-0.25 m wide, 0.10- deep 0.12 m with a row spacing of 0.60 m, and on the irrigation line with slopes i≤0.004, flowing irrigation grooves are made 0.23-0.25 m wide at the bottom, 0.33-0.35 m wide at the top, and depth 0.09-0.11 m with a row spacing of 0.90 m, to ensure that the horizon of the irrigation stream exceeds the crest of the furrow in the range of 0.02-0.03 m. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sprinkler is made constant with slopes having a laying coefficient m = 4-10, with a bottom width of 1-4 m and a slope in the longitudinal direction i = 0.00005-0.00015, and stationary irrigation pipes with a diameter of 0.04-0.06 m are installed at the same level in the sprinkler dam, and ridge ridges are located on the same horizontal line to ensure the water depth in the sprinkler h = 0.2-0.3 m with irrigation flow rate Q = 0, 10-0.15 m ³ / s.

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