RU2237592C2 - River-going transport trimaran (versions), method of optimization of cruising modes of "river-sea" trimaran, methods of loading, transportation and unloading of cargoes for "river-sea" trimaran, method of passage of "river-sea" transport trimaran through locks, channels and narrow farways - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding; building of transport trimarans of river, sea and "river-sea" classes for carrying cargoes and passengers; sports ships, catching ships and special-purpose ships.

SUBSTANCE: proposed river-going trimaran has center and side hulls with shipboard power plants, propellers and steering gears. Stems of side hulls used for dampening fore waves of center hull are located at level of termination of its fore lines. For dampening aft waves of center hull, aft parts of side hulls are elongated backward relative to stern of center hull. For dampening underwater waves created by propeller of center hull, underwater inter-hull hydrofoil is located under propeller and is secured to center and side hulls. Above-water portion of external side of each side hull is made in form of inclined plane to line of contact with water surface; its underwater portion is made in form of vertical plane at elongation of keels of side hulls below level of keel of center hull. Side hulls of "river-sea" trimaran may be movable relative to center hull forward and backward; to this end, inter-hull attachments are movable and may be locked. Shield may be provided under propeller of center hull; it is secured to stern of center hull by means of movable struts which may be used for locking the shield in underwater and above-water position. Method of optimization of cruising modes of "river-sea" trimaran includes motion of side hulls of trimaran forward and backward relative to center hull; to this end, inter-hull attachments are movable and may be locked when necessary. Shield provided under propeller of center hull may be secured in above-water and underwater positions. At passage from sea to river, side hulls are moved backward for dampening waves of center hulls and excluding cutting of river banks. Shield is launched and is placed under propeller for excluding cutting of river bottom. At passage from river to sea, side hulls are moved forward and shield is raised from water. Mounted in fore portion of center hull of "river-sea" trimaran are hold gates; bottom of center hull is made in form of opening doors; all hulls are provided with power plants and steering gears. Side hulls are interconnected by means of inter-hull attachments and are elongated backward relative to stern of center hull; provision is made for connecting them to center hull and disconnecting them from it; they may be also connected and disconnected relative to each other. Center hull may be loaded and unloaded when side hulls are connected to it. When loading is required, side hulls are connected with center one by means of inter-hull attachments, hold gates and doors of center hull bottom are opened and trimaran runs on cargo. Cargo is placed in hold of center hull and doors and hold gates are closed. During transportation, side hulls are connected with center hull by means of inter-hull attachments. At unloading the cargo, hold gates and doors of center hull are opened, cargo is moved out of hold, doors and gates are closed and side hulls are disconnected from center hull. Loading-unloading of center hull shall be performed with side hulls connected with it. Method of passage of "river-sea" trimaran through lock, channels and narrow fairways consists in disconnection of side hulls from center one. At approach to lock, channel or narrow fairway, each hull is moved in succession after which side hulls are connected to center one.

EFFECT: improved service characteristics; enhanced economical efficiency and operational safety.

10 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to shipbuilding and for the construction of transport trimarans of the sea, river class and the class "river - sea". It can be transport, passenger, sports, fishing, technical and special purpose ships.

Various designs of transport trimarans are known (patents RU 2155694, 2155695 and 2156714).

The purpose of the present invention is the development of new designs of transport trimarans with new capabilities, taking into account the specifics of application in the modes of "river - sea", "river".

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the transport trimaran - the river trans-stream, consisting of the middle hull and side hulls, all hulls contain ship power plants with propellers and steering devices, the side hulls are located relative to the middle hull so that their stem for damping the nasal waves the middle hull are located at the level of the end of the nasal contours of the middle hull, to dampen the stern waves of the middle hull, the aft parts of the side hulls are elongated back relative to the stern of the middle its body, to damp the underwater waves generated by the propeller of the middle body, under the propeller of the middle body there is an underwater hull wing, which is fixed to the middle and side bodies.

The transport trimaran - the river trans-stream - consists of a middle hull and side hulls, where ship power plants with propellers and steering devices are located in all hulls. The lateral hulls are located relative to the middle hull so that their stems for damping the nasal waves of the middle hull are located at the end of the nasal contours of the middle hull. To dampen the stern waves of the middle hull, the aft parts of the side hulls are elongated backward relative to the stern of the middle hull. To damp the underwater waves created by the propeller of the middle hull, under the propeller of the middle hull there is an underwater hull wing, which is fixed to the middle and side hulls. The outer side of each of the side housings is designed so that its surface part is made in the form of an inclined plane to the line of contact with the water surface, and its underwater part is made in the form of a vertical plane. The keels of the side hulls are extended in depth, below the level of the keel of the middle hull. The contours of the bow and stern parts of the inner sides of the side hulls are made concave. To quench the underwater waves created by the propeller of the middle body, the propeller of the middle body is placed in the casing, which is a part of a conical pipe that is mounted by struts to the middle and side bodies. Racks securing the casing to the side housings are made in the form of hydrofoils made with the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack.

The transport trimaran — the river-sea class transstream — consists of a middle hull and side hulls connected by inter-hull brackets, where ship power plants and steering devices are located in all hulls. The lateral hulls are made with the possibility of their movement relative to the middle hull back and forth, for which the inter-hull fasteners are movable and can be fixed, under the propeller of the middle hull there is a screen fixed to the stern of the middle hull with racks that are movable and with the possibility of fixing the screen in underwater and surface position.

A method for optimizing the swimming regimes of a transport trimaran of the "river-sea" class is that the side hulls of the transstrum can be moved relative to the middle hull back and forth, for which the inter-hull fasteners are movable and can be locked, placed under the propeller of the middle hull the movable screen, made with the possibility of its fixation in underwater and above-water positions, when moving from the sea to the river, the lateral hulls are moved back to damp ship waves of the housing and prevent the erosion of the river banks, the screen is lowered into the water, place it under the propeller to prevent the erosion of the river bed, and the transition from the river to the sea side housing is moved forward, the screen is lifted out of the water.

Transport trimaran - a river-sea class trans-stream - consists of a middle hull and side hulls connected by inter-hull brackets. Hold gates are located in the bow of the middle hull, the bottom of the middle hull is made in the form of drop-down wings, and ship power plants and steering devices are placed in all hulls. The lateral hulls are interconnected by inter-hull fasteners and are made elongated backward relative to the stern of the middle hull, with the possibility of their connection and disconnection from the middle hull and from each other, and the middle hull is made with the possibility of loading and unloading with the side hulls connected to it.

The method of loading, transportation and unloading of cargo by a transport trimaran of the "river-sea" class, where hold gates are located in the bow of the middle hull, the bottom of the middle hull is made in the form of opening flaps, and ship power plants and steering devices are placed in all hulls, that during loading, the side hulls are sequentially connected to the middle hull using the inter-hull fasteners, the hold gates are opened and the bottom casement doors of the middle hull are floated onto the cargo, placed in the hold with of the hull, close the bottom and bottom gates, transport by securing the side hulls to the middle hull of the vessel and between the hulls, when unloading, open the bilge gates and the bottom flaps of the middle hull, remove the cargo from the hold of the middle hull, close the bottom and hinge gates, detach the side casings from the middle casing, and loading and unloading the middle casing is carried out with the side casings connected to it.

The method of wiring a transport trimaran, consisting of a middle and side hulls, through a lock, channel, narrow fairway, consists in that the side hulls are detachable from the middle hull, and when approaching the lock, channel, narrow fairway, the side hulls are disconnected from the middle trimaran hulls, each of the trimaran hulls is alternately led through a gateway, channel, narrow fairway, after which the side hulls are alternately connected to the middle hull, continue the path.

In figures 1, 2 shows a diagram of a river transstream.

In figures 3-6, a diagram of the river-sea transtrim with movable side bodies is shown.

The figure 7 shows a diagram of the transstream with removable side casings.

Figures 8-12 depict a loading diagram of a transstream with removable side bodies.

As you know, a moving vessel creates ship waves of two groups on the water surface: bow and stern. The nasal waves originate somewhat behind the stem, and the stern waves in front of the stem. Ship waves, approaching the shores, destroy them, and with small reserves of water under the bottom, the bottom is washed out as a result of the operation of the movers. For these reasons, the speed of vessels on the rivers is limited, which makes it difficult to increase the efficiency of river transport.

The design of the river transport trimaran — the transport below — minimizes the influence of ship waves on the destruction of the banks and bottom of rivers, which will increase speed and increase the efficiency of transportation of goods and passengers.

The river transstream 1 consists of three buildings (Fig. 1): the middle body 2 (with stem 3) and the side shells 4 (with stem 5). All three hulls are equipped with marine engines (propulsors) with propellers 6 and 7 of the middle hull 2 and side hulls 4 and steering devices (not shown). The middle hull 2 is connected to the side hulls 4 by various inter-hull fastenings 8. An inter hull deck 9 is located between the hulls. On the vessel there is a superstructure 10 on the middle hull 2 and a superstructure 11 on the side hulls 4.

In order to prevent erosion of the coast by waves coming from the middle body and its propeller, the location of the side bodies 4 relative to the middle body 2 is chosen so that:

- to dampen the nasal waves 21 of the middle casing 2, the shafts 5 of the side casings are located at the level of the end of the nasal contours 12 of the middle casing 2, which allows the nasal waves 21 of the middle casing to be shielded into the interbody space;

- to damp the stern waves 22 of the middle body 2, the aft parts of the side bodies 4 protrude backward relative to the stern line of the middle body 2 so that the stern waves 22 of the middle body 2 are screened and form a target for their propagation.

The stern wave 22 of the middle body 2 is incident on the side body 4 at an angle β. We take the minimum elongation of the stern of the side casing 4, which allows you to quench the stern wave 22 of the middle casing 2 for L _min , and the distance between the middle and side casing for s (Fig. 1). A right triangle forms with legs L _min and s and angle β. The angle β depends on the nasal contours 12 of the middle body 2 of the trimaran and on the speed of its movement. The calculation of the elongation value L _{min of the} aft parts of the lateral hulls 4 is based on the available predetermined characteristics of the bow contours 12 of the middle hull 2, the maximum speed of the vessel, and therefore the minimum angle β, the distance between the middle 2 and side 4 hulls s. Based on these data, we calculate the minimum elongation of the stern L _min . It is equal to L _min = s / tgβ.

In the transstream, special importance is attached to the design of the side hulls 4, which, taking into account their possible operation on small, medium, large rivers and at sea, must meet a number of specific requirements. Firstly, the side casings 4 must create their own minimal waves. For this, the side casings 4 have a minimal draft of the casings. This is achieved by the fact that the outer sides 14 of the side casings 2 have such a configuration that they pass from the inclined plane 15 to the vertical 16 (underwater parts of the outer sides) in the line of contact with the water surface, which later goes to keel 13. That is, the outer sides 14 side hulls 4 consist of a surface inclined part 15 and a vertical underwater part 16. In this case, the keels 13 of the side hulls 4 are elongated deep into the water to damp ship waves of the middle hull 2.

Such an asymmetric hull design is possible only in a trimaran and only as a side hull, where the middle main hull through various inter-hull fastenings, the common deck supports the side hulls in a given position.

The nasal contours 18 of the inner sides 17 of the side bodies 4 are sharp. The calculated contact points of the inner sides of the side bodies 4 with the nasal waves of the middle body 2 are concave in shape to reduce the angle of incidence of the nasal waves of the middle body 2, that is, the reduction in hydrodynamic resistance. The calculated contact points of the inner sides 17 of the side bodies 4 with the stern waves of the middle body 2 are made concave in shape to reduce the angle of incidence of the stern waves of the middle body 2.

For rigidity of the trimaran structure between its bodies 2 and 4, there are inter-hull mounts 8, which can be made in the form of inter-hull hydrofoils.

In order to prevent destruction of the bottom by the waves created by the propeller 6 of the middle body 2, under the propeller 6 of the middle body 2 there is an underwater hull wing 19, which is fixed by the struts 20 to the middle 2 and side 4 of the body. The wing 19 shields the waves of the propeller 6 and can be performed with an adjustable angle of attack.

For the same purpose, the propeller 6 of the middle casing 2 can be placed in the casing, which is a conical pipe, which is attached by struts to the middle and side housings (not shown). This allows, along with the screening of waves to reduce the collision of the bow and stern waves of the hull waves with the waves formed by the propeller 6 of the middle body 2.

The middle body 2 of the trimaran 1 can be made with the possibility of connection-separation of the side bodies to it. The middle body 2 can also be made of two parts - the main and cargo body, where the cargo body is made with the possibility of connection (docking) with the main body. Gates can be located in the bow of the middle case 2, and the bottom of the middle case 2 is made in the form of moving wings.

One of the variants of the trimaran construction described above (Figs. 1, 2) is the river-sea transstream 23 made with movable side casings 25 (Fig. 3). When moving from the sea to the river, the lateral hulls 25 move back beyond the stern line of the middle hull 24 (Fig. 4). To do this, the inter-housing fasteners 26 are movable, which allows you to change the position of the side casings 25 relative to the middle housing 24, moving them synchronously back and forth. Hull fasteners 26 may be located on the decks and in the sides of the vessel. Fasteners 26 can be performed on the already known principles, schemes and their combinations. For example, the on-deck hulls 26 can be made using a hinge mechanism, and the on-board hulls 26 can be made using a gear link mechanism, etc.

In order to prevent destruction of the river bottom by the waves generated by the propeller 27 of the middle body 24, a shield 28 is placed under the propeller 27 of the middle body 24, which is fixed by the posts 29 to the stern of the middle body 24. The posts 29 are movably mounted (for example, using a gear lever mechanism ) to the stern of the middle hull 24 with the possibility of their fixation. When swimming trimaran in the sea, the screen 28 rises from the water and is fixed in the water position on the stern (figure 5). And when the trimaran passes from the sea to the river, the screen 28 sinks into the water (Fig.6), occupies a position under the propeller 27 and is fixed in the underwater position.

Changing the position of the lateral hulls 25 makes it possible to take into account the specifics of navigation on rivers and at sea, a wider maneuver in choosing a navigation mode, optimizing the power of a vessel at different sailing speeds, performing maneuvers, and braking.

So, for example, when swimming on the river, when the priority is the protection against erosion of the banks and the bottom from ship waves, the side hulls 25 will be shifted back (figure 4). But at the same time, part of the energy will be lost in overcoming the increased wave resistance in the interbody space. When navigating at sea, the lateral hulls 25 will occupy the normal position relative to the middle hull (for example, when all three sterns are on the same line, Fig. 3), which provides the optimal mode of movement and energy.

The following design of the river-sea transstream is proposed, which allows more efficient use of all hulls of the vessel and passage of locks, channels and a narrow fairway.

The transport trimaran — the river-sea trans-stream 30 — consists of three hulls (Fig. 7): the middle hull 31 and the side hulls 32. All three hulls are equipped with marine engines (propulsors) with propellers 33 and steering devices (not shown) . The lateral hulls 32 are made elongated backward relative to the stern of the middle hull 31. The middle hull 31 is connected to the side hulls 32 by various movable hull fasteners 34. The side hulls are also fixed between them by the movable hull fasteners 35. On the vessel there are superstructures 36 on the middle hull 31 and side hulls 32 The nose of the middle body 31 contains an opening nose fairing 37, hold gates 38, the bottom of the middle body 31 is made in the form of a folding flaps 39. The side bodies 32 are with the possibility of disconnecting them from each other and from the middle body 31, self-navigation and connection with the middle body and between each other. Between the middle 31 and the side 32 hulls, moving interdeck bridges 40 are placed. The middle hull 31 is arranged for loading and unloading with the side hulls 32 connected to it.

Consider a ship loading operation. Loading trimaran 30 consists of two sequential operations. The first is the connection of the side hulls 32 to the middle hull 31 of the trimaran 30. The second part is the loading of cargo 41 (for example, a barcon) directly from the water into the hold of the middle hull 31 through the hold gate 38 and the opening flaps of the bottom 39 of the middle hull 31.

The connection of the side bodies 32 with the middle body 31 of the trimaran 30 is as follows. Initially, one of the side housings 32 floats up to the middle body (Fig. 8). The lateral hull 32 is connected to the middle hull 31 with movable hull fasteners 34 and the between-deck bridge (Fig. 9). Similarly, there is a connection of the other side casing 32 with the middle casing. To tighten the design of the trimaran 30, the side casings 32 are interconnected by movable interbody mounts 35 (Fig. 10).

The second part of the loading - loading of the cargo 41 (for example, barcon) in the hold of the middle hull 31 is as follows.

Trimaran 30 swims up to the cargo 41. Next, the nose fairing 37 is tilted (lifted or retracted to the side), the nose gate 38 of the middle body 31 is opened (Fig. 11), the bottom flaps 39 are opened, floated onto the cargo 41, the cargo 41 is placed in the hold of the middle body 31, close the bottom flaps 39, the bow gate 38 and the nose fairing 37 (Fig. 12) and secure the load 41 in the hold of the middle body 31.

The unloading operation of the vessel 30 is a reverse loading operation. The unloading of the trimaran 30, as well as its loading, consists of two successive operations. The first is the unloading of cargo 41 (for example, a barcon) directly from the hold of the middle hull 31 into the water through the hold gate 38 and the opening flaps of the bottom 39 of the middle hull 31. The second part is the disconnection of the side hulls 32 from the middle hull 31 of the trimaran 30.

The above transstream 30 can be used to route it through a gateway, channel, narrow fairway, for which, when approaching the gateway, channel, narrow fairway, the side casings 32 are disconnected from the middle body 31 of the trimaran 30. Then, each of the casings 31 and 32 independently passes through the gateway narrow channel or channel. After passing through, the side casings 32 alternately attach to the middle body 31 and the transstream 30 continues the path.

Claims (10)

1. Transport trimaran - a river transstream, consisting of a middle hull and side hulls, where ship hulls with propellers and steering gears are located in all hulls, characterized in that the side hulls are located relative to the middle hull so that their stem for damping the nasal waves the middle hull are located at the level of the end of the bow contours of the middle hull, to dampen the stern waves of the middle hull, the aft parts of the side hulls are elongated back relative to the stern of the middle hull, for damping of underwater waves created by the propeller of the middle body, under the propeller of the middle body there is an underwater hull wing, which is fixed to the middle and side bodies. 2. Transport trimaran - a river transstream, consisting of a middle hull and side hulls, where ship hulls with propellers and steering devices are located in all hulls, characterized in that the side hulls are located relative to the middle hull so that their stem for damping the nasal waves the middle hull are located at the level of the end of the bow contours of the middle hull, to dampen the stern waves of the middle hull, the aft parts of the side hulls are elongated back relative to the stern of the middle hull, for the damping of the underwater waves created by the propeller of the middle body, under the propeller of the middle body there is an underwater hull wing that is fixed to the middle and side bodies, the outer side of each of the side bodies is made so that its surface part is made in the form of an inclined plane to the line of contact with water surface, and its underwater part is made in the form of a vertical plane, the keels of the side hulls are elongated inland below the level of the keel of the middle hull. 3. Transport trimaran - a river transstream according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the contours of the bow and stern parts of the inner sides of the side hulls are made concave. 4. Transport trimaran - a river transstream according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for damping the underwater waves generated by the propeller of the middle body, the propeller of the middle body is placed in the casing, which is a part of a conical pipe that is mounted by posts to the middle and side corps. 5. Transport trimaran - river transstream according to claim 4, characterized in that the racks that secure the casing to the side hulls are made in the form of hydrofoils made with the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack. 6. Transport trimaran - a river trans-sea class transstream, consisting of a middle hull and side hulls connected by hull fasteners, where ship power plants with propellers and steering devices are located in all hulls, characterized in that the side hulls are made with the possibility of their movement relative to the middle case back and forth, for which the inter-housing fasteners are made movable and can be fixed, under the propeller of the middle case there is a screen fixed to the Me the middle body of the uprights, which are made movable and with the possibility of fixing the screen in underwater and above water position. 7. A method for optimizing the swimming regimes of a transport trimaran of the “river-sea” class, which consists in the fact that the lateral hulls of the transstrum are capable of moving them forward and backward relative to the middle hull, for which the inter-hull fasteners are movable with the possibility of their fixation, under the middle propeller hulls place a movable screen, made with the possibility of its fixation in underwater and above-water positions, when moving from the sea to the river, the lateral hulls are moved back to damp ship medium waves the bottom of the hull and to prevent erosion of the riverbanks, the screen is lowered into the water, placed under a propeller to prevent erosion of the bottom of the river, and when moving from the river to the sea, the side hulls are moved forward, the screen is lifted out of the water. 8. Transport trimaran - a river trans-sea class transstream, consisting of a middle hull and side hulls connected by hull fasteners, where hold gates are located in the bow of the middle hull, the bottom of the middle hull is made in the form of expanding wings and ship hulls are placed in all hulls power plants and steering devices, characterized in that the side hulls are interconnected by inter-hull fasteners and are made elongated backward relative to the stern of the middle hull, with the possibility of their connection inevitability and disconnection from the middle body and from each other, and the middle body is made with the possibility of loading and unloading with side buildings connected to it. 9. The method of loading, transportation and unloading by a transport trimaran of the “river-sea” class, where hold gates are located in the bow of the middle hull, the bottom of the middle hull is made in the form of opening flaps and ship power plants and steering devices are located in all hulls, characterized in that during loading, the side hulls are sequentially connected to the middle hull using the inter-hull fasteners, open the hold gates and the bottom flaps of the bottom of the middle hull, float on the load, place it in the middle hold hull, close the bottom and bottom gates, transport by securing the side hulls to the middle hull of the vessel and between the hulls, when unloading, open the hold gates and bottom flaps of the middle hull, remove the cargo from the hold of the middle hull, close the bottom and gates of the bottom, detach the side casings from the middle casing, and loading and unloading the middle casing is carried out with the side casings connected to it. 10. The method of wiring a transport trimaran, consisting of a middle and side hulls, through a lock, channel, narrow channel, which means that the side hulls can be disconnected from the middle case, when approaching the lock, channel, narrow fairway, the side hulls are disconnected from the middle trimaran hull, each of the trimaran hulls is passed alternately through a gateway, channel, narrow fairway, after which the side hulls are alternately connected to the middle hull, continue the path.

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