RU2236779C2 - Apparatus for growing of cultured plants - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, growing of cultured plants in open ground.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus is made in the form of polymeric coating forming cellular panel with cells defined by water draining slopes. Panel may be fixed on soil along the entire perimeter thereof. Cells are provided with openings for plants, said openings being arranged at the level of soil surface. Water draining slopes may be made in the form of truncated pyramid or cone. Water pouring openings may be provided in panel upper part at cell boundary zones. Vessels may be positioned under water pouring openings.

EFFECT: reduced labor intensity for growing of cultivated crops and increased yield.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of cultivated plants on open ground.

A device is known for growing garden crops, namely watermelons, in the middle strip of Russia on open ground, containing a plastic film with openings for plants, fixed on the ground around the perimeter (A. Lebedeva. Under the open sky, Farmland magazine, N8, 2000, p. 9).

The disadvantage of this device is the need to perform fairly time-consuming work:

- leveling the surface of the beds before laying the film, since otherwise rain or irrigation water will be unevenly distributed over the surface of the film, nourishing the roots of plants to varying degrees; in this regard, it is difficult to use films for growing crops on slopes, in hilly areas;

- fixing the film on the soil is carried out by carefully digging up the edges of the film and, as practice shows, by creating bumps around the perimeter of the film so that water (rain or irrigation) does not go outside the film, and the earth is not washed from the outside onto the film during heavy rains;

- attachment of the film to the soil to prevent its displacement in strong winds to avoid damage to young shoots.

When using the well-known coating, young crop sprouts, which stand out well on the surface of the film, often attract the attention of birds and are damaged by them.

In addition, the plastic film is suitable for use only for one season due to its rapid destruction due to strong heating under sunlight.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the complexity of growing cultivated plants and increase productivity.

The objective is achieved in that in the device for growing cultivated plants containing a polymer coating with holes for plants located at the soil level, made with the possibility of fixing on the soil around the perimeter, the coating is made in the form of a panel with cells formed by slopes for water drainage, and openings for plants are located at the bottom of the cells.

In this case, the cells for the flow of water can be made in the form of a truncated pyramid or cone.

In addition, in the upper part of the panel at the cell boundaries, holes for filling water can be made.

At the same time, containers can be installed under the holes for water inlet.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the device, figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1.

The device is a panel 1 made of a polymeric material such as plexiglass with cells 2, side faces 3. The cells are formed by slopes 4 to drain water and can be made in the form of a truncated pyramid or cone. At the bottom of the cells are openings 5 for plants. In the upper part of the panel at the cell boundaries, holes 6 are made through which water can be poured into small containers 7 installed on the soil before the panel is installed. To protect young shoots after planting seeds (seedlings) at points above the holes for plants, the installation of covers is effective. 8

Dimensions and thickness of the panel, the number of cells can be different depending on the wishes of the manufacturer. Cell sizes should correspond to the type of crop grown according to agrotechnical recommendations.

The device operates as follows.

Panel 1 is installed on a bed previously prepared in the usual manner (fertilizing, loosening). At the same time, the lateral faces 3 are buried in the ground, providing both fixing the device to the bed and isolation of the air under the device from the outside air. At the same time, the holes 5 at the bottom of cells 4 lie close to the soil. In these holes, the seeds of the cultivated crop or seedlings are planted at the required depth in the ground. It is advisable to plant 2 seeds, in the future, pinch a weaker plant. Subsequently, plant stems develop above the surface of the panel, and the root system - under it. On top of the hole after planting, close the lids 8 to protect young shoots from frost and birds. The covers are removed when the danger of frost has passed, and the sprouts are already strong enough and they are not threatened by the attack of birds.

Due to the fact that the device plays the role of a greenhouse, in the daytime the sun heats well the soil under the device, seedlings appear quickly. At the same time, a good development of the root system is achieved. Moisture evaporating from the soil under the device condenses on the inner surface of the slopes of each cell and, due to a slope of up to 10 °, flows to the root of the plant, that is, there is practically no loss of moisture from the soil due to evaporation. In rainy weather, rainfall is also collected by slopes of the cells (on the outside) and sent to the roots of the plants.

During the period of intensive development of plants and in arid hot weather, watering is necessary, but here 1-2 waterings per week are sufficient, which also reduces labor costs. For summer residents, who have been absent from garden plots for a long time, it is easy to apply moisture in the soil under the panel with the help of tanks 7, which are usually installed in spring under the holes 6 by pouring water through them.

Providing soil with moisture occurs due to the gradual evaporation of water from tanks and its condensation.

In the future, caring for plants consists only in the regular harvesting of fruits (if, for example, cucumbers are planted) or in the removal of excess shoots at the end of the growing season (if, for example, watermelons are planted).

Weeds growing under the panel either burn out under the sun's rays due to high temperatures, or are strongly oppressed. The death of weeds provides the presence of additional concentrations of carbon dioxide in the root part of plants, contributing to their better growth.

Due to the good warming and loose condition (no compaction by rain) of the soil, the constant presence of moisture and carbon dioxide in the roots, the development of crops occurs in an accelerated manner.

In the fall, after complete harvesting, the device is removed from the soil and stored.

Thus, the implementation of the device in the form of a panel with cells formed by slopes for water runoff allows plants to develop well without watering, which significantly reduces labor costs when caring for them. The ability to use on sites in hilly areas, the possibility of many years of use of the device, the ease of storage also reduce labor costs.

In addition, the device allows you to ensure not only good yields due to the creation of optimal conditions for plants grown, but also high palatability of the fruit. For example, due to the rapid development and ripening of cucumbers, there is no bitterness in them, since a substance causing bitterness (cucurbitacin) does not have time to accumulate in them.

Claims (4)

1. A device for growing cultivated plants containing a polymer coating with holes for plants at the soil level, made with the possibility of fixing on the soil around the perimeter, characterized in that the coating is made in the form of a panel with cells in the form of a truncated pyramid or cone. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the upper part of the panel at the borders of the cells holes are made for the filling of water. 3. The device according to PP.1 and 2, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with covers installed above the holes. 4. The device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that under the holes for filling the water tanks are installed.

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