RU2235965C2 - Charge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blast charges.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertinent to the field of blasting charges. Realization of the invention allows to increase efficiency of explosive crushing. The invention provides, that the charge consists of segments, combination of which represents a cylindrical surface, and a case. Each segment has a thin-walled envelope with a constant cross-section along its whole length and is made by rolling of a tubular billet, which is then filled in with a powder-like explosive.

EFFECT: the invention allows to increase efficiency of explosive crushing.

5 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of charges for blasting and ammunition, and is intended for crushing (destroying) materials of different strengths and communicating kinetic energy to the destroyed material with the help of explosion energy and can be used as borehole or hole charges in mining and dismantling , as well as explosive charges in the destruction of the shells of ammunition.

In most cases, during the explosive crushing of materials in a destructible object, a cylindrical cavity (well, hole, ammunition body) is made into which an explosive charge is placed.

Currently, the following main types of charge structures used in this field are known:

- explosive charges without a shell, which is a cylindrical body formed by free filling the cavity with fine explosives [1];

- cartridge charges, which are explosive charges of a cylindrical shape, placed in a paper shell with a moisture insulating coating or in a polyethylene shell [2]. The cartridges have a diameter of 23 to 210 mm and a length of 210 to 510 mm. The density of explosives in cartridges depending on the diameter, type of explosives and method of patronage is 0.95 ... 1.35 g / cm ³ ;

- monolithic explosive charges, which are cylindrical bodies made using existing methods of forming charges: pressing, screwing or pouring and having a density of 1.25 ... 1.6 g / cm ³ [2].

The disadvantages of these designs of charges is the following:

- the use in the design of the explosive charge of small and medium power, since the use of powerful non-phlegmatized explosives in their pure form is impossible due to their high sensitivity to friction and impact;

- low density of explosives and its uneven distribution in charge;

- the length of the charges, as a rule, is limited by their three to ten diameters, since it is impossible to obtain high-quality monolithic charges of powerful explosives with a high and evenly distributed density of a larger length.

Known are also detonating elongated charges and elongated cumulative charges [3], which are intended for explosive cutting of materials and represent a charge of a powerful powder explosive, enclosed in a metal shell with a cumulative recess. The disadvantage of this type of charges is their small diameter (not more than 30 ... 50 mm), and various combinations of several charges do not together provide a cylindrical body, which does not allow them to be used as explosive or borehole charges.

The prototype of the invention selected explosive charge of the ammunition described in the application for the invention [4]. Ammunition charge consists of segments, the combination of which is a cylindrical surface.

The disadvantage of the invention is the inability to use high-power powdered explosives (RDX, HMX, etc.) in the charges of this design.

The technical result of this invention is to increase the efficiency of charges and the efficiency of explosive crushing.

The technical result is achieved in that each charge segment has a thin-walled shell with a constant cross-section along the entire length and is made by rolling a tube stock filled with powdered explosive, and the charge can be made without a housing and placed directly inside the cylindrical cavity of the material being destroyed, while high explosive blasting explosives may be used as explosives; the outer surface of the peripheral segment can be made with transverse cumulative grooves; charge segments may contain explosives of various strengths; the central segment can be manufactured by other known methods of forming explosive charges; the charge may have a central cavity located symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the charge.

To ensure crushing of materials into fragments of a given fractional composition, segments whose outer surface is adjacent to the material to be destroyed (peripheral segments) can be provided with transverse cumulative grooves that are located at a distance from each other, determined based on the size of the fragments into which the material must be destroyed in planes perpendicular to the axis of charge.

The charge segments can contain explosives of different power, which allows you to control the shock parameters of the explosion, for example, in a well during seismic exploration or in the destruction of rock. If peripheral segments are equipped with a less powerful explosive, and segments located in the center of the charge (central segments) are more powerful, then due to differences in detonation velocities in the rock, an expanding field of mechanical stress is formed with a slight bias towards the propagation of the detonation wave. If, on the contrary, the central segments are filled with less powerful and peripheral segments with more powerful explosives, then the displacement of the stress field will be more significant and, in addition, crushing of rock near the well will be much more intense. Similar combinations with simultaneous initiation of detonation at both ends of the charge or in its center can give a radially expanding stress field, but converging or diverging in the axial direction.

Since only the peripheral segments of the charge affect the parameters of crushing of materials and shells, the central segments may be absent and the charge has a central cavity, or any other known methods of forming explosive charges (pressing, filling, etc.) can be used to manufacture the central segments. In addition, the execution of a charge with a central cavity provides the possibility of its multipoint initiation (initiation is carried out not only from the ends, but also from the central points of the charge).

The average size of the cross section of the segment is 5 ... 100 mm, and the wall thickness of the shell of the segment is 0.5 ... 3.0 mm. It is advisable to use aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloys as materials for the manufacture of the shell of the segment, which, in addition to performing the function of the segment housing, being energy-active and having a high calorific value, increase the explosive effect of the explosion. The explosive charge density in the segment is 90 ... 98% of the density of the explosive single crystal.

The outer surface of the segments located on the periphery of the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the charge in the cross section has the shape of an arc whose radius is equal to the radius of the collective charge, and its length L is determined from the condition that the sum of the lengths L of all the peripheral segments is the circumference of the circle with a radius equal to the radius of the collective charge, or by the formula

where R is the radius of the collective charge,

N is the number of peripheral TPE.

The sizes of the other sides of the peripheral segments and the sizes of the faces of the central segments are determined from the condition that the combination of all elements forms a continuous cylindrical body.

The required radius and length of the combined charge are determined based on the required amount of work performed by the charge during the explosion [1], and are provided by the number and shape of the segments.

Figure 1 shows an example of the implementation of the collective charge. The charge shown in FIG. 1 consists of a cylindrical body 1, in which four peripheral segments 2 and two central segments 3, equipped with explosive 4 and comprising together a cylindrical body, are placed.

Figure 2 shows an example of a collective charge with transverse cumulative grooves on the outer surface of the peripheral segments. The charge shown in FIG. 3 consists of a cylindrical body 1, in which four peripheral segments 2 and two central segments 3, equipped with explosive 4 and comprising a cylindrical body with transverse annular cumulative grooves 5 on the outer surface, are placed.

The way to use the charge is as follows.

The charge is placed in a cylindrical cavity of destructible material in accordance with the requirements for analogues. The charge is initiated from its end (ends at two-point initiation), and also, in the case of manufacturing a charge with a central cavity, additionally from its central part.

The use of powerful explosives with a high and evenly distributed density, combustible shells of segments made of aluminum or aluminum-magnesium alloys and the possibility of their multipoint initiation in the charge structure and the possibility of their multipoint initiation can significantly increase the efficiency of charges and the efficiency of fragmentation of various materials by increasing the explosive pulse power (explosive charge detonation velocity increases by 1.4 ... 2.0 times, and charge performance - by 1.5 ... 1.8 times), and the introduction of transverse cumulative grooves into the charge structure prepares crushing of materials into fragments with specified geometric dimensions due to the cumulative effect arising from the explosion.

Sources of information

1. Avdeev F.A., Baron V.L., Gurov N.V., Kantor V.Kh. Normative reference for blasting. - M .: Nedra, 1986, p. 57-79.

2. Rossi BD, Pozdnyakov Z.G. Industrial explosives and explosives. - M .: Nedra, 1971, p. 45-90, 99-100.

3. Attetkov A.V., Gnuskin A.M., Pyryev V.A., Sagidullin G.G. Explosion metal cutting. - M.: SIP RIA, 2000, 260 p.

4. Application for invention No. 98118593/02 of 12/10/1998, MKI 7 F 42 B 12/20 “Ammunition” (Bull. No. 18 of 06/27/2000).

Claims (5)

1. The charge, consisting of segments, the combination of which is a cylindrical surface, and a housing, characterized in that each segment has a thin-walled shell with a constant cross-section along the entire length and is made by rolling a tube stock filled with powder explosive. 2. The charge according to claim 1, characterized in that high explosive blasting explosives are used as the explosive. 3. The charge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer surface of the peripheral segment is made with transverse cumulative grooves. 4. The charge according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the segments contain explosives of different power. 5. The charge according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the central segment is made by other known methods of forming explosive charges.

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