RU2235675C2 - Method of straightening split crane beams - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport structures.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to vertical and cross straightening of rail tracks in shops furnished with bridge cranes. According to proposed method, upper bolts connecting support ribs of beams to each are removed. Gasket is removed from clearance between ribs and lever with holes and end face flange is fitted in clearance. Pin is fitted instead of one of taken out bolts passing it through hole in lever. Two paired support angle plates with holes in web are installed from shop side, and extending end of lever and upper ends of support angle plates are hinge connected. Lower end faces of support angle plates are thrusted against column cantilever plate. Anchor bolts of beam holding crane beam to column plate are replaced by longer bolts with due account of required jacking up. Stop limiting cross displacement of support ribs at jacking up is installed on column plate. Hydraulic jack is installed on cantilever between crane beam and upper part of column, two crane beams are jacked up together by thrusting jack piston against lever with force F and lifting beams with force 2F until anchor bolt nuts through against column plate. Gaskets are placed under end faces of support ribs, anchor bolts are locked , lever flange is connected to column by adjusting studs, and craneway, thus straightened out, is operated.

EFFECT: reduced labor input at straightening owing to mechanization of process.

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Description

The present invention relates to transport structures, namely, to vertical and transverse straightening of rail tracks in workshops equipped with bridge cranes.

A known method of straightening rail tracks in conjunction with crane beams, described in the journal "Industrial Construction" [1]. The disadvantage of this method is the possibility of only transverse straightening, and the work is done manually.

A device is known that implements a method of straightening and attaching crane beams to a column, SU 1484801 A1, 05/07/1989.

We will take this device for an analog.

The technical result of the invention is the reduction of the complexity of straightening by mechanization of the process.

The implementation of the method of straightening and attaching to the column crane beams installed in the workshop, bolted to each other via end support ribs located with a gap and fixed to the column console plate by means of anchor bolts, is as follows.

During straightening, remove the upper bolts connecting the supporting ribs of the beams to each other, and use a removable hydraulic jack, jacking up two crane beams together.

The difference is that during straightening, the upper bolts connecting the supporting ribs of the crane beams are removed, the gasket between these ribs is removed, a lever with holes and an end flange is inserted into the gap between the ribs.

A finger is inserted instead of one of the bolts removed, passing it also through the corresponding hole in the lever, which is pivotally connected to the upper ends of the two support angles connected below each other by a bolt.

Mentioned corners with holes in the shelf abut the lower ends in the plate of the console of the column from the side of the workshop. Replace the anchor bolts securing the crane beams to the column console plate with longer ones, taking into account the necessary amount of vertical movement of the crane beams.

An emphasis is placed on the plate of the console of the column, restricting the lateral movement of the supporting ribs of the crane beams; the mentioned hydraulic jack is installed on the plate of the console of the column between the crane beam and the upper part of the column.

Jacking the two crane beams together is carried out by resting the piston of the jack on the lever. Crane beams are lifted to the stop of the nuts of the anchor bolts in the plate of the column console and, laying under the ends of the supporting ribs, with which the beams rest on the plate of the console of the column, the pads support the anchor bolts and fasten the lever flange to the column with adjusting pins for further operation of the straightened crane track.

Comparison with the analogue shows the significant differences of the new method of straightening rail tracks together with crane beams in the vertical and transverse directions.

The differences are as follows:

- straightening is carried out mechanically by a hydraulic jack;

- devices are lightweight and easy to install;

- straightening is carried out with crane beams of any carrying capacity;

- the production process in the workshop does not stop;

- the straightening lever is used to jack the beams and for horizontal fastening of the beams to the column with the possibility of straightening in the transverse direction.

Figure 1 shows the node supporting crane beams on the console of the column and the implementation of the method of straightening beams; figure 2 is a view aa.

Crane beams 1 with rails 2 fixed on them settled down by Δ, and the normal operation of rail tracks was disrupted. The crane beam 1 has supporting ribs a, connected to each other by bolts b.

The column is 3 speed. The cantilever of the column 3 has a base plate 8, on which the supporting ribs of the crane beams 1 are supported, connected to the cantilever with anchor bolts c (brake beam is not shown).

Between the supporting ribs a there is a gap. Gaskets are tightly inserted into this gap. The upper bolts b are removed and the upper gasket removed. A lever 4 with a flange 5 is introduced into the gap between the supporting ribs a. The holes are pre-drilled in the lever. One of the removed bolts is replaced with a finger 6, passing it through an opening in the middle of the length of the lever 4. The lever 4 comes out outward on the console 100 ... 150 mm. The lever 4 is pivotally connected to the support angles 11 symmetrically positioned relative to it by means of a bolt 10 passed through the flanges of the corners 11 and the lever 4. The corners 11 are connected to each other at the bottom by a bolt 10. A hydraulic jack is mounted on the console plate 8 between the crane beam 1 and the upper part of the column 3 7. Push its piston into the lever 4 from below. An emphasis 9 is attached to the console plate 8. If a lateral straightening of the beams is necessary at the same time, then the emphasis 9 is fixed with a corresponding gap δ, allowing the support ribs to move in the transverse direction.

Beam straightening

Mount all devices on the console of this column. Replace the anchor bolts with, securing the crane beams to the console plate with longer ones, taking into account their jacking by the value of Δ vertically. Turn on the direct stroke of the hydraulic jack 7 and press with force F from bottom to top on the lever 4. The lever 4 is equal-arms and pivotally rotates on the pin 6, therefore, the force F is transmitted through it to the supporting posts 11 and to the plate 8 of the column console. The lifting force increases, and two crane beams 1 together rise up to the stop of the nuts of the anchor bolts with in the plate 8 from the bottom, that is, by Δ.

With a large settlement of the foundation, several jacking cycles can be completed together with the column. The stop 9 fixes the support ribs at the design point in the transverse direction. In this case, as shown in Fig. 1, the support ribs tend to move to the column 3, but the movement is limited by the stop 9. If the stop 9 were fixed to the column plate with a gap δ, then the crane beams would move by this value δ to the column and would be carried out transverse straightening of the rail track.

If it is necessary to move the crane beams towards the workshop, then in this case pin 6 must be inserted into the hole located to the right of the beam wall (darkened hole). The lever will become unequal and the lifting of the crane beams will be easier. In this case, the emphasis 9 must be set from the side of the workshop with the necessary gap δ, which limits the movement of the supporting ribs a of the crane beams 1 towards the workshop.

Thus, mechanized straightening of the crane beams without special cranes and stopping the shop.

An example of a specific implementation.

It is necessary to perform rail straightening at the Penza Compressor Plant in the foundry. The length of this span is 18 m, bridge cranes with a lifting capacity of Q = 10 t, steel crane beams, split 10 m long. Aligning the frame by straightening the foundations together with the columns [2, Patent No. 2139390] is difficult, since steel columns are embedded in this row brick wall. In some sections of the track there are brake beams.

Since the weight of the crane beams is about 5 tons, for jacking them, a carrying capacity of 2.5 ... 5 tons of a car jack is enough. The cross-sectional height of the crane beams is 1.2 m. The supporting ribs are connected to each other by six M20 bolts installed in holes ⌀ 23 mm. Anchor bolts M24. Support ribs 250 mm wide.

On this column, it is necessary to perform vertical jacking by Δ = 120 mm and horizontal movement to the column by δ = 25 mm. For horizontal movement of the crane beams to the column, we put an emphasis 9 with a gap δ = 25 mm from the side of the column and for finger 6 we use the upper left hole ⌀ 23 mm. The diameter of the finger is assigned ⌀ 22 mm from steel St35 with heat treatment. The finger is pointed on one side. The length of the finger l _p = 200 mm (with a margin, so as not to put cotter pins). To the top row of holes from the plate 600 mm.

We take corners 4, 2∠100 × 10 with a length of 650 mm with an upper hole of ⌀ 23 mm at a distance of 600 mm from the lower end.

Assign the height of the cross section h of the lever 4.

For the versatility of devices and their use in other spans of the workshop, with a crane capacity of Q = 50 tons and crane beams weighing up to 10 tons, we assume that jack 7 develops a force of 6 t = 600 gN. We take lever 4 with equal arms, that is, from the axis of the jack to the central hole of 25 cm and from the central hole to the axis of the rack 25 cm.

Lever 4 bending moment

M = 600 × 25 = 15000 gNcm.

Take steel [3] 10HSND With R _y = 300 MPa.

The required moment of resistance of the section of the lever

The wall thickness of the lever t _article = 2 cm

Corners expect compression

We use with a margin of 2∠63 × 6, A _Ф = 7.28 × 2 = 14.56 cm ² .

We carry out jacking in 4 cycles of 30 mm each. You will need seven pads of 30 mm each, three pads for supporting corners with a total thickness of 90 mm and four pads for supporting ribs with a total thickness of 120 mm.

After straightening, the anchor bolts from the counter. If necessary, reinforce the brakes. After straightening, check the clearance between the top of the crane and the bottom of the truss. The clearance must be at least 100 mm.

The economic effect arose due to the decrease in the complexity of straightening. If straightening is carried out in the traditional way by means of self-propelled cranes from the floor of the workshop, it would be necessary to dismantle the equipment of the workshop to enable the self-propelled crane to move and stop the production process in the workshop.

When straightening in a new way, work is performed without stopping the main production process.

Literature.

1. Nezhdanov K.K., Mishanin I.N. Fastening steel crane beams to columns, allowing straightening // Industrial Construction, 1972, No. 8.

2. Nezhdanov K.K. and other Russian Patent No. 2139390. A way to restore the design position of the foundation and columns. Bull. No. 28, 10/10/1999.

3. SNiP II-23-81 * Steel structures / Gosstroy of the USSR. - M.: TsITP Gosstroy USSR, 1999, 96 p.

Claims (1)

The method of straightening and attaching to the column crane beams installed in the workshop, bolted to each other through end support ribs located with a gap, and fixed to the column console plate by means of anchor bolts, which consists in the use of a removable hydraulic jack during straightening, jacking up two crane beams together, characterized in that during straightening, the upper bolts connecting the supporting ribs of the crane beams are removed, the gasket between these ribs is removed, and the ribs are inserted into the gap between the ribs a chag having holes and an end flange is inserted in place of one of the bolts removed with a finger, passing it also through the corresponding hole in the lever, which is pivotally connected to the upper ends of two support angles connected by a bolt below, the said corners abut the lower ends against the console plate columns from the side of the workshop; replace the anchor bolts for securing the crane beams on the console plate of the column with longer ones, taking into account the necessary vertical movement of the crane beams, install on the plate salts of the column stop, limiting the lateral movement of the supporting ribs of the crane beams, is installed on the console plate of the column between the crane beam and the upper part of the column, the mentioned hydraulic jack, jacking the two crane beams together is carried out by resting the piston of the jack on the lever, raising the beams to the stop of the nuts of the anchor bolts in the console plate columns and laying under the ends of the supporting ribs, with which the beams rested on the console plate of the column, the supports, counter anchor bolts and fasten the lever flange to the column regulating and studs for further exploitation Align the runway.

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