RU2235119C1 - Motor gasoline detergent additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: petroleum processing and petrochemistry.

SUBSTANCE: additive contains 40-60% of product obtained from interaction of distilled tallow oil and/or tallow oil fatty acid fraction with diethanolamine, no more than 30% of alkylbenzenes, and (to 100%) mineral oil with viscosity not above 15 cSt (50^оС) and congelation point no higher than -30^оС. Additive is employed in concentrations 0.03 to 0.2 wt % in motor gasolines.

EFFECT: enhanced reduction of deposits in fuel-supply system of engine, improved performance characteristics of gasolines, and lowered toxicity of exhaust gases.

2 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the refining and petrochemicals, in particular to the compositions of detergents for gasoline.

The use of detergents in gasoline is necessary in order to reduce deposits in the fuel supply system of the engine, improve the performance of gasolines and reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases from automobiles.

Detergents based on the reaction products of carboxylic acids and amines or polyamines of various structures were proposed in Russia (Lykov OP. Improving the performance of motor fuels using surface-active additives. “Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils”, 1992, No. 1, p. 16-25). The disadvantage of these additives is the low washing efficiency of 25-35%.

Known detergent additive (US patent No. 4729769, CL 44/71, 1988) based on the reaction product of mono- or di- (C ₂ -C ₄ ) alkanolamines and esters of polyalcohols and C ₆ -C ₂₀ carboxylic acids. As an acid component, vegetable oils are used - coconut, olive, palm and others. The molar ratio of the starting products (1: 1) is taken from the calculation of obtaining the amides of the starting alkanolamines. The disadvantage of this additive is the shortage of raw materials - natural vegetable oils used to produce it.

Known additive to gasoline (US patent No. 6183524, class 44-385, 2001) containing a higher C ₉ -C ₁₁ alcohol of 46-60%, an amide, which is a condensation product of methyl esters of fatty acids containing at least 9 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, with mono-, di- or triethanolamine in an equimolecular ratio (1: 1) of 20-30% and ethoxyethylated C ₁₁ fatty acid of 20-28%. This additive has a complex technology for producing the components contained in it and its use will lead to an increase in the price of gasoline.

Closest to the claimed is the additive (German application No. 2559480, class C 10 L 1/14, 1977, prototype), which includes esters of secondary cycloaliphatic C ₅ -C ₇ alcohols and fatty acids, the condensation product is 1 mol of glycerol or 1 mol of polyethanolamines with 1-2 mol of fatty acids containing 10 or more carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain or a mixture thereof and raffinate of mineral oils with a viscosity of 1.6 ° E at 20 ° C to 15 ° E at 50 ° C. This additive has low detergent properties in the fuel supply system of the engine. The use of high viscosity mineral oils in its composition leads to an increase in actual resins in gasolines. In addition, the scarcity and complexity of the technology of the components included in its composition will lead to an increase in the price of gasolines in the industrial use of this additive.

Known additive of a similar composition in combination with an organometallic antiknock (Swiss patent No. 599464, CL F 02 In 51/02, 1978).

The aim of the present invention is to provide a detergent composition for gasoline based on available raw materials with high detergent properties in the fuel supply system of the engine and a high level of operational and environmental properties.

To achieve this goal, an additive to motor gasolines based on the product of the interaction of distilled tall oil and / or tall oil fatty acid fractions with diethanolamine, taken in an acid: amine molar ratio of 3: 1, of mineral oil with a viscosity of not more than 15 cSt at 50 ° C and pour point not higher than minus 30 ° C with the addition of individual alkylbenzenes or mixtures thereof with a boiling point of 138-184 ° C in the following ratio of starting components, wt.%:

Interaction product

distilled tall

oils and / or fractions of fatty

tall oil acids

with diethanolamine 40-60

Alkylbenzenes Not more than 30

Mineral oil Up to 100

Use in the composition of the proposed additive as the main detergent component of the product of the interaction of distilled tall oil and / or fractions of tall oil fatty acids with diethanolamine, taken in an acid: amine molar ratio of 3: 1, in a mixture with mineral oil with a viscosity of not more than 15 cSt at 50 ° C and pour point no higher than minus 30 ° C in the stated ratio provides high cleaning properties of gasolines in the fuel supply system. At the same time, the operational and environmental properties of gasolines are at a high level and meet the requirements of current regulatory and technical documentation.

Alkylbenzenes play the role of a solvent in the composition of the proposed additive, which reduces the viscosity of the additive and increases its dissolution rate in gasoline.

The use of mineral oil in the composition of the proposed additive with a viscosity of not more than 15 cSt at 50 ° C and a pour point of not higher than minus 30 ° C is necessary to prevent sticking of the valves due to the formation of solid deposits on their surface during engine cooling.

The proposed additive can be added to gasoline of all grades in a concentration of 0.03-0.2%.

To obtain the interaction product, for example, diethanolamine according to TU 6-02-2652, distilled tall oil according to TU 13-00281074-26 or a fraction of tall oil fatty acids according to GOST 148-45 can be used. As mineral oil in the proposed composition can be used, for example, spindle oil AU according to TU 38.101-12-58 or industrial oil I12A1 according to GOST 20799. Petroleum xylene according to GOST 9410, which is a mixture of three xylene isomers and can be used as alkylbenzenes ethylbenzene.

The technology for producing the proposed additive is as follows. In a mixer with external heating, distilled tall oil or a fraction of tall oil fatty acids with diethanolamine in the stated ratio and the solvent are alkylbenzenes in an amount of 0.5 to 1.5 times the weight of tall oil are mixed. Next, an azeotropic distillation of the resulting reaction water is carried out for 1-4 hours. After completion of the reaction, the solvent was partially distilled off. A purge of nitrogen through the reaction mixture may be used to accelerate solvent stripping. Further, to obtain the finished additive, the resulting reaction product is mixed with mineral oil.

The process of obtaining the reaction product can be carried out without the use of a solvent — alkylbenzenes. In this case, the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 145-165 ° C for 1-4 hours with a mandatory purge of the reaction mixture with nitrogen.

The product of the interaction that is part of the inventive additive is a mixture, the main component of which is diester, formed by the reaction:

3RCOOH + HN (CH ₂ CH ₂ OH) ₂

= RCON (CH ₂ CH ₂ OOCR) ₂ + 3H ₂ O,

where R is the hydrocarbon radical of tall oil acids.

The interaction product is a homogeneous transparent liquid from yellowish to light brown in color, density not less than 870 kg / m ³ , alkaline number not more than 1 mg KOH / g.

For testing prepared 3 samples of additives of the proposed composition, the composition and properties of which are presented in table 1. Testing the washing properties of gasolines with additives was carried out by the method of qualification assessment.

To carry out comparative tests of the washing properties, a prototype additive sample was synthesized (the composition according to example 2 on p.6 of German application 2559480, class C 10 L 1/14, 1977). According to the test results, the sediment flushing time for the prototype sample was 30.1 minutes. This result shows that the additive of the proposed composition has a higher washing ability compared to the prototype (table 1).

According to the results of anti-corrosion tests (Table 1), the use of the additive of the proposed composition in gasoline enhances the corrosion protection of fuel equipment.

The test results of the quality of samples of gasoline of various grades with the proposed additive, shown in table 2, show that they fully comply with the requirements of the current scientific and technical documentation.

According to the results of road tests of Normal-80 gasoline without an additive and with the proposed additive (sample 3 at a concentration of 0.05%, Table 1) on the engine, it was shown that the use of the proposed additive reduces the level of emission of toxic components of СО - by 20%, СН - by 16% during the operation of the car, reduces the amount of deposits in the fuel supply system of the engine, reduces the cost of maintaining the car and provides gasoline savings of up to 5%.

To prepare the proposed additive, an inexpensive, affordable raw material is used, its use will not lead to an increase in the price of gasoline and makes it possible to expand the range of unleaded automobile gasolines.

Claims (2)

1. A detergent additive for oil-based automobile gasolines, characterized in that it further comprises a reaction product of distilled tall oil and / or tall oil fatty acid fraction with diethanolamine, taken in an acid: amine molar ratio of 3: 1, contains as an oil mineral oil with a viscosity of not more than 15 cSt at 50 ° C and pour point not higher than minus 30 ° C and additionally contains individual alkylbenzenes or mixtures thereof with a boiling point of 138-184 ° C in the following ratio of the starting components entov, wt.%: Interaction product distilled tall oils and / or fractions of fatty tall oil acids with diethanolamine 40 - 60 Alkylbenzenes Not more than 30 Mineral oil Up to 100 2. Detergent additive for gasoline according to claim 1, characterized in that it is used in the composition of gasoline in a concentration of 0.03-0.2 wt.%.