RU2235080C1 - Method for making ceramic article - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ceramics.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to producing ceramic materials and can be used in making ceramic brick and stone from clay with high sensitivity for drying and leaning additives. Method for making ceramic articles involves preparing leaning additive based on ash after combustion of industrial and domestic sewage, its mixing with clay up to the composite, %: clay, 90-75; ash, 10-25, followed by molding blanks, drying and roasting. Preparing the leaning additive is carried out by taking off 30-60% of total clay volume, its addition to ash and compulsory dynamic contact of clay and ash for 5-30 min in the ratio clay to ash from 2.7:1 to 1.2:1. Method provides preparing molding mixture with less sensitivity to drying and reducing drying time.

EFFECT: improved making method.

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Description

The invention relates to the production of ceramic materials and can be used in the manufacture of ceramic bricks and stone based on highly sensitive to drying clays and thinning additives.

A known method of manufacturing ceramic products, including the preparation of a scrubber by mixing waste galvanic production with a burnable additive and fighting fireclay products, putting it into clay, forming blanks, drying and firing (1).

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a method for the manufacture of ceramic and ceramic stones and bricks, including mixing a thinning additive based on an ash component and clay, forming blanks, drying them and firing. Ashes are used ashes from the combustion of industrial and domestic wastewater from municipal utilities or a mixture of them with sawdust at a ratio of 1: 1 to 6: 1 (2).

The disadvantages of the known methods is the long drying time of billets from clay sensitive to drying. The sensitivity of clays to drying is determined by its natural properties. The most common drying-sensitive clays are montmorillonite clays. These are finely dispersed clays with a developed external surface of grains capable of absorbing cations, have great sorption ability and require more water to obtain a molding test. Moreover, in these clays, the adsorption osmotic moisture of medium bond intensity prevails over the less stable capillary moisture. Therefore, clay products that are sensitive to drying, dry without crack with high quality for a long time - more than 72 hours.

The use of finely dispersed materials as a scrubber leads to a slight improvement in the moisture-conducting properties, which does not allow drastically shortening the drying time.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the technological cycle of production of ceramic products from highly sensitive clays to drying by reducing the drying time by 2 times.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method, including the preparation of a thinning additive based on ash from the burning of industrial and domestic wastewater, mixing it with clay to obtain a composition: clay 90-75%, ash 10-25%, molding blanks, drying and firing the preparation of a thinner additive is carried out by selecting 30-60% of the total clay volume, introducing it into the ash and forcedly dynamic contact of clay and ash for 5-30 minutes at a clay to ash ratio of from 2.7: 1 to 1.2: 1 ,

The use of the proposed method for the selection of part of highly sensitive clay and forced dynamic contact with ash allows you to get an activated mixture of improved moisture conductivity.

As a result of forced dynamic contact of finely dispersed clay and ash, the adsorption and osmotic moisture of the clay enter into an ion exchange reaction with water-soluble salts of ash, which results in the conversion of part of the adsorption water to capillary, finely dispersed clay particles coagulate, while the content of particles smaller than 0.005 mm decreases by 3 -Five times. All this helps to improve the drying properties, increase crack resistance, reduce the drying time, workpieces from highly sensitive to drying clay.

Ceramic products were made as follows.

Clay from the clay reserve was fed into a box feeder, from which 30-60% of the total clay volume was taken to prepare an exhausting additive and sent to a mixer, ashes from burning industrial and domestic wastewater were poured into it, then clay and ash were subjected to forced dynamic contact, for example, in a core mixer, for 5-30 minutes After that, the thinning additive was fed into the clay mixer, and the remaining clay was loaded there. From the clay mixer, the mass was fed into a press, the obtained preforms were dried and calcined.

Specific examples of the manufacture of ceramic products are presented in the table.

Example 2 is made with optimal parameters of the proposed technical solution.

Examples 1, 3 are performed with boundary values of the parameters.

Examples 4 and 5 are made with transcendental parameters of the proposed technical solution.

Example 6, 7 is made according to the prototype.

The table shows that only the use of the combinations and the sequence of operations shown in the method can reduce the technological cycle of manufacturing ceramic products by reducing the drying time by 2 times.

As an increase in the ratio of clay to ash in the preparation of a thinner additive and a decrease in it do not allow clay and ash to coagulate clay into larger conglomerates, and to obtain a cleanser of optimal parameters and thereby obtain a molding mixture less sensitive to drying and shorten the drying time.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable and can be used in the manufacture of ceramic products without any special conditions.

Sources of information

1. A.S. No. 1742263 С 04 В 33/00, B.I. No. 23, 1992

2. RF patent No. 2148047, C 04 B 33/14.

Claims (1)

A method of manufacturing ceramic products, including the preparation of a thinning additive based on ash from burning industrial and domestic wastewater, mixing it with clay to the composition, in%: clay 90-75, ash 10-25, forming blanks, drying and firing, characterized in that preparation of a thinner additive is carried out by selecting 30-60% of the total clay volume, introducing clay into its ash and forcibly dynamic contact of clay and ash for 5-30 minutes at a clay to ash ratio of from 2.7: 1 to 1.2: 1