RU2234728C2 - Method and device for forming and correcting motor sense of rhythm - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: method involves collecting data using peripheral gages in process of movement. The data are subjected to rapid processing and analysis with computer in so called real-time mode. Analysis results are saved and sent to digital or graphic output on display screen or printed. Required movement action is built as standard (reference) one and its mathematical or electrical model is built. The model is implemented as mathematical software product operating on micro- or personal computer.

EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness in investigating biomechanical relationships inherent in small scale motor activity of muscles.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of training, namely, training in the elements of motor plastics and motor skills.

Known programmed training in the technique of weightlifting exercises is training according to the optimal program with optimal control of the formation of motor skills. First, the studied movement is mastered step by step. Then they proceed to a holistic teaching method, taking into account the control of the leading elements in technology and in compliance with a strict logical sequence of their implementation [1].

The advantage of this method is that the use of programmed training brings tangible benefits where it is possible to develop the required methods of urgent information about the internal structure of the mastered movement.

However, the disadvantage of this method is that it is not always possible to develop these methods, especially in cases where the mastered movement has a complex structure and fine motor skills of the muscles are used.

The closest solution, selected as a prototype, is a method for the operational correction of the technical skill of weightlifters using a computer [2], when used to correct the technique of performing weightlifting exercises, the computer receives information from peripheral sensors, quickly processes and analyzes data, gives analysis results and remembers them, and until the exercise is repeated (in the so-called “real time” mode, that is, when all the necessary information can be obtained s almost simultaneously with the completion of the exercise). The results of the analysis are presented both in digital and in graphical form on the display screen or in printed form. The correction program is compiled taking into account the results of preliminary in-depth examinations of each athlete.

The obvious advantage of this method is the receipt of the necessary information almost simultaneously with the completion of the exercise, as well as the presentation of information about many parameters: temporal and rhythmic characteristics of the movement, extremes of dynamic characteristics, results of the calculation of derivative indicators (force gradients, various coefficients), etc.

The disadvantage of this method is the following.

Firstly, this method is mainly designed to study the movements of a weightlifter on the PD-3 tensor platform, i.e. The motility of the athlete’s body as a whole is examined in terms of power characteristics when lifting the bar. Secondly, the athlete’s technique correction program is compiled taking into account the given levels of three extremes of effort - again, power characteristics. Thirdly, by this method, the student is almost passively involved in the development of the movement - according to the instructions of the coach and the research specialist, and it is known that the best results are achieved with the personal participation of the athlete. Fourth, there is no possibility of studying the laws of fine motor motility of muscles, features of controlling the movement of articular joints, the wrist of the wrist and upper limbs in general, which is necessary as a prerequisite for the formation of motor plastics, and in some cases for its correction.

The aim of the invention is:

- expansion of functionality;

- study of the biomechanical laws of fine motor motility of muscles;

- identification of the peculiarities of movement of the articular joints, wrist joint of the hand and upper limbs as a whole;

- creating the prerequisites for the formation of motor plastics;

- correction of motor plastics in the presence of deviations from the correct execution of motor actions.

This goal is achieved by obtaining information during movement using peripheral sensors, quickly processing and analyzing data from these sensors by means of computer technology in the so-called “real time” mode, storing and outputting the analysis result in digital or graphical form on the display screen or in in printed form, according to the invention, the required motor action is formed as an exemplary (reference) one, its mathematical or electrical model is created, it is formalized in the idea of mathematical software for microcomputers, and the mastering (learner) of this motor action is aware of the required motor structure, associating and comparing it with the reference (model) motor action and, therefore, with the model spatial position of the articular joints, current information about which is obtained from the corresponding peripheral sensors, includes muscle groups of the corresponding articular joints in active work, iteratively approaching the correct execution of motor ystvy, and fixes the latter in the course of their reps, quickly checking the correctness of their performance.

Distinctive features of the proposed solution is the following:

- firstly, the sequence of actions: the formation of the required motor action as an exemplary one, the creation of its mathematical or electrical model, its formalization in the form of software for microcomputers, the recognition of the motor structure, the inclusion of muscle groups in the active work and the fixing of the correct motor actions by repetition;

- secondly, one who masters the required motor action is aware of the required motor structure, i.e. performing the required motor action becomes a direct interested participant in the formation of the motor structure;

- thirdly, this awareness is associated and commensurate with those involved in the reference (exemplary) motor action and, therefore, with the exemplary spatial position of the articular joints, current information about which is obtained from the corresponding peripheral sensors, the learner needs to feel this directly;

- fourthly, after the awareness of the motor structure, the student includes in the active work the muscle groups of the articular joints involved in the formation of the motor action, iteratively approaching the correct execution of these motor actions;

- fifthly, he (the learner) fixes the mastered algorithm of motor action in the process of its repeated repetition, in which the correctness of this motor action is quickly controlled.

In the claimed method, the distinctive features exhibit properties known in other fields of science and technology, and taken in conjunction with the features of the prototype exhibit properties that allow you to study the biomechanical patterns of fine motor motility of muscles, to identify the features of the movement of various articular joints, the wrist of the wrist and upper limbs of the person as a whole , as well as create the prerequisites for the formation of motor plastics, which indicates the compliance of the proposed solutions to the criterion of “significant differences tions. "

The proposed method is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a mimic diagram explaining the implementation of the proposed method and human actions in the formation and correction of motor plastics.

Figure 2 presents a generalized block diagram of a device that allows to implement the inventive method.

Figure 3 shows schematically the installation of peripheral sensors on the upper limb of the student and their connection to the means of computer technology, presented in the form of a block diagram.

Figure 4 shows (enlarged) the installation of electrogoniometers on the hand of the student.

Figure 5 shows a schematic drawing of the design of one of the possible miniature electrogoniometers.

On the mnemonic diagram explaining the essence of the proposed method and the actions of the trainee (person) (Fig. 1), it contains: the subject of training or correction of motor plastics - person 1, who is first aware of the motor structure 2, which is carried out by collecting and processing information 3 about the position of the articular joints from peripheral sensors, analysis of static positions 4, in which the established position of the articular joints and muscle groups of these joints is compared with the reference (exemplary) motor action 5 and, accordingly Actually, with the required spatial position of these articular joints, he (the person) includes in active work 6 muscle groups of the corresponding articular joints, analyzes the current position of the articular joints, iteratively approaching the correct execution of the motor action, for which the dynamic positions of 7 articular joints are analyzed, in which the current spatial position of the corresponding articular joints is compared with a reference or exemplary motor action 5 and on based on the result of the analysis, a corrective action 8 is formed, taken into account by man 1, and when the correct execution of the motor action is achieved, man 1 fixes this motor action in the repetition process 9, while the correctness of the execution is monitored - block 10, and if necessary, the corrective action 8, the repetition process motor action continues until complete consolidation of its correct performance.

Of great importance for the formation of motor plastics is the initial stage of awareness of the motor structure. At this stage, the angles in the articular joints are determined and rigidly set at characteristic points of the motor structure, their current value is recorded and stored according to peripheral sensors when the motor action is slow (quasistatic), and after the motor action is fully performed or the necessary part is performed, the analysis results are output to display screen of computer equipment or in printed form for express analysis.

A device for implementing the proposed method for the formation and correction of motor plastics in a generalized form (Fig. 2) contains: peripheral sensors of power 11 and spatial 12 characteristics of person 1 when it performs a motor action, the information outputs of these sensors are connected via analog-to-digital converters 13 to the system unit 14 microcomputer (personal computer) 15, which also includes a display 16 connected to the system unit 14, which is also connected to the printing device 17, and controls I microcomputer via the application package 18, and which contains information about the reference (reference) engine operation, and the peripheral sensors spatial characteristics 12 powered by a stabilized power supply 19.

The device operates as follows.

Using peripheral sensors of power 11 and spatial 12 characteristics and analog-to-digital converters 13 receive and process primary information about the spatial position of the articular joints and force effects of person 1, which corresponds to the unit for collecting and processing information 3 on the mnemonic diagram (Fig. 1). Further this information is subjected to various analysis depending on the stage. At the stage of awareness of the motor structure 2 (Fig. 1) in the system unit 14 in the microcomputer 15 (Fig. 2), under the influence of the corresponding software of the application package 18, the static position of the articular joints at characteristic points of the motor action relative to the reference (exemplary) motor is analyzed the action represented on the mnemonic diagram (figure 1) by block 5, and the comparative analysis of static positions by block 4. The results of the analysis are displayed on the display screen 16 of the microcomputer 15 (figure 2) or printed in digital in a straight or graphical form by a printing device 17. According to the results of the analysis, person 1 corrects the position of the articular joints, achieving approximation to the reference value. And this is done sequentially at all characteristic points of the motor action and, thus, person 1 is aware of, getting used to the desired motor structure.

At the next stage of actions, person 1 includes in the active work 6 muscle groups of the articular joints (Fig. 1), in the system unit 14 (Fig. 2) of the microcomputer 15, under the influence of the corresponding software of the application package 18, the dynamic state of the articular joints is analyzed, that is, the current the values of the motor action in relation to the exemplary motor action presented on the mnemonic diagram (Fig. 1) by block 5, and the comparative analysis of the dynamic positions of the articular joints - by block 7 (Fig. 1). The analysis results are displayed on the display screen 16 (figure 2) of the microcomputer 15, and are also printed, if necessary, on paper by the printing device 17. According to the results of this analysis, the student, according to the instructions of the microcomputer 15, generates corrective actions that allow iterative approach to the correct one the implementation of motor action.

After the motor action is performed stably correctly, the final stage of the formation and correction of motor plastics - the fixation stage in the repetition process — 9 (in Fig. 1).

At this stage, the student repeatedly repeats the motor action, periodically checks the correctness of the motor action - block 10 on the mnemonic diagram of Fig. 1, as a result of which, if necessary, a corrective action is formed - block 8 (Fig. 1), hardware implemented like the implementation of step 6 - inclusion in the active work of muscle groups of articular joints.

The device shown in figure 2, is suitable for the formation and correction of plastics of any part of the body of the student and his body as a whole. For example, in the formation of plastics in choreography, the formation of motor plastics of the upper and lower extremities is important. For the shoulder girdle, one of the motor actions is the wave movement of the hands. The device that allows to form this motor action, shown in figure 3, contains basically the same blocks as the device shown in the generalized block diagram of figure 2: analog-to-digital converters 13, the system unit 14 and the display 16 of the microcomputer 15, printing device 17, application package 18 and a stabilized power supply 19. A feature of this device is that a tensometric platform is used as peripheral sensors of power 11 characteristics, and as peripheral sensors Of the 12 characteristic characteristics of the position of the articular joints, the electrogoniometers 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 were used. Of these, the electrogoniometers 20, 21, 22 are installed on large joints, respectively, on the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints, and the electrogoniometers 23, 24 and 25 are installed on the joints of the phalanges of the fingers, and for the implementation of this installation they are made in miniature design. Figure 4 enlarged for clarity, shows the placement and fastening of the electrogoniometers 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 on the hand of a person 1. The electrogoniometers 20, 21, 22 are mounted and individually mounted on the shoulder, elbow and wrist of large joints, respectively, and the electrogoniometers 23, 24 and 25 are placed on the joints of the phalanges of the finger, for example, on the middle finger, i.e. on the small joints of the brush.

The electrogoniometers monitoring the position of small articular joints are made in a miniature design, which constructively provides the possibility of their installation on small joints, sequential articulation with each other, adjustment and fixing of inter-articular distances.

An important element of the proposed method is the reference (exemplary) motor action - block 5 on the mnemonic diagram (Fig. 1), since it is that motor action to which the motor action of the learner - person 1 should iteratively approach. It can be obtained in many ways. Let's consider two possible ways.

One of them is a meticulous biomechanical and theoretical-mechanical analysis of the motor action, for example, the wave motion of a person’s hand. It can be based on an analysis of the spatial positions of the joints of the shoulder, elbow, wrist joints and joints of the phalanges of the fingers. This will require a large amount of complex work, which will take into account the laws of biomechanics and theoretical mechanics, involve the theory of mathematical analysis of various curves and mathematical modeling, use the elements of computer graphics and develop sophisticated software for microcomputers. The work is time-consuming and quite complicated, but it can make it possible to obtain a relatively accurate mathematical and biomechanical model of the indicated motor action and the corresponding software for microcomputers.

The second method is less time-consuming, relatively less accurate, but acceptable for practical use. It consists of the following. A high-class specialist (let's call him an expert) performs the required motor action. Using a device that implements the block diagram of Fig. 3, this motor action is recorded in the memory of the system unit 14 of the microcomputer 15. An expert and a research specialist analyze the resulting record: distinguish the characteristic points of the recorded motor action, allocate one full period of the motor action for static analysis and several repetitive motor actions for dynamic analysis of the learner's motor actions. These recorded elements, supported by appropriate microcomputer software, can later be used as exemplary motor actions for static and dynamic analysis. Since the same device is used to record exemplary motor actions of the expert and the trainee, the errors in this case can be reduced to a minimum.

Therefore, the second method of forming an exemplary (reference) motor action can be widely used in devices that implement the method of formation and correction of motor plastics. In addition, this method and the technical means that implement it can be used in other areas, for example, in weightlifting, in medicine during rehabilitation after various injuries, etc.

The dimensions of small joints, for example, hands make specific demands on the design of electrogoniometers, which must be placed on these joints to obtain information about their spatial position. The principles on the basis of which they can be built are very different. These are tensometric bridges, the output signals of which are proportional to the bending angle of the articular joint, and miniature rotating transformers, and miniature potentiometers, the motor of which moves in a circle, etc. One of the possible designs of the electrogoniometer, built on the basis of a miniature potentiometer (figure 5), contains a hinge consisting of two parts 26 and 27, fastened to each other using the axis 28, on one part 26 of which a bracket 29 is mounted vertically with horizontally mounted on using nut 30 with a miniature potentiometer 31 with circular movement of its engine, on the axis 32 of which the pulley 33 is tightly fitted with a groove on its outer surface, and on the other part 27 of the hinge, a bracket 34 is installed vertically with a vertical row next to apertures 35, to which the first ends of the unstretchable 36 and tensile elastic 37 threads are fastened, wound on the pulley 33 in opposite directions and secured thereto by the second ends, while the free end of one part of the hinge, for example, 27 is made in the form of a flat pin 38, and the free the end of the second part 26 of the hinge is made in the form of a socket 39. The pin 38 and the socket 39 provide articulation with each other of two or more miniature electrogoniometers. Using, for example, the holes 40 in the pin 38 and the holes 41 in the socket 39, the center distance of the hinges of the articulated miniature electrogoniometers is adjusted and fixed, and both parts 26 and 27 of the hinge of the electrogoniometer are attached to the joint using fastening straps 42 and 43 attached to the parts 26 and 27 hinges respectively. In order for the axis of the hinge 28 to be on the axis of rotation of the joint under study, replaceable gaskets 44 and 45, for example of porous rubber, are attached to the parts 26 and 27 of the hinge, respectively. To the conclusions 46, 47, 48 of the potentiometer 31 are soldered wires with which this potentiometer is connected to the ADC 13 and to a stabilized power source 19 (figure 3).

A miniature electrogoniometer works as follows.

Using fastening straps 42, 43 and interchangeable gaskets 44, 45, an electrogoniometer is installed on the articular joint under study in such a way that the axis of rotation of the hinge 28 coincides with the axis of rotation of the joint. When bending the joint, the pulley 33 rotates, because while the parts 26 and 27 of the hinge rotate relative to each other by an angle equal to the angle of flexion of the joint. Inextensible thread 36 causes the pulley 33 to rotate. The axis 32 of the potentiometer engine 31 also rotates, and this engine moves, since the pulley 33 is tightly mounted on the axis 32 of the potentiometer 31 engine. An electrical signal appears in the information output of the electrogoniometer, proportional to the bend angle of the articulation (with corresponding calibration). When the joint is straightened, the inextensible thread 36 weakens, and the extensible flexible thread 37 selects this slack, turns the pulley 33 and the axis 32 of the potentiometer engine 31, moves the potentiometer engine to its original position, and the electrical signal at the information output of the electrogoniometer returns to its original value. Thus, primary information on the spatial position of the articulation being studied is obtained.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed method for the formation and correction of motor plastics and the device that implements it have expanded functional capabilities, since it allows the formation of motor actions not only in the development and training of complex movements in the field of choreography, but also in the field of weightlifting, arm wrestling and others sports disciplines, as well as conduct research on the biomechanical laws of fine motor motility of muscles, identify features of the movement of the joints of the upper and lower extremities nostrum and create the prerequisites for the controlled formation of motor plastics and its correction.

The ability to register, memorize and issue, upon request, registered motor actions in real time almost at the end of the movement and to give the necessary recommendations for eliminating errors allows you to track and adjust the training process in statics and dynamics, helping to increase the effectiveness of training and skill of athletes and trainees in motor actions .

LIST OF REFERENCES

1. Hatuev L.M. Programmable weightlifting dualathlon technique training. J. “Weightlifting”. Yearbook, 1979. M.: Physical education and sport, 1979. S.20-30.

2. Mulberg I.E., Furaev A.N. Operational correction of the technical skill of weightlifters using computers. J. “Physical Culture and Sports”, 1986. P.5-7.

Claims (2)

1. The method of formation and correction of motor plastics by receiving information during the movement using peripheral sensors, processing and analyzing data from these sensors by means of computer technology in the so-called "real time" mode, storing and outputting the analysis result, characterized in that they form the required motor action as exemplary (reference), create its mathematical or electric model, formalize it in the form of mathematical software for microcomputers and master This motor action recognizes the required motor structure, associating and measuring it with the reference (exemplary) motor action and, therefore, with the exemplary spatial position of the articular joints, current information about which is obtained from the corresponding peripheral sensors, includes muscle groups of the corresponding articular joints in active work , iteratively approaching the correct execution of the motor action, and fixes the latter in the process of repetition, operatively controlling ht of their performance. 2. The method of formation and correction of motor plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that at the initial stage of awareness of the motor structure, the angles in the articular joints are determined and rigidly set at characteristic points of the motor structure, their current value is recorded and periodically stored according to peripheral sensors at slow (quasistatic) execution of the actual action and after performing the motor action in whole or in part, the analysis results are displayed on the display screen of the means of the calculator oh art or in printed form for rapid analysis.

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