RU2233984C1 - Method for extracting placers and technogenic deposits of mineral resources - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: method includes preparatory and extractive operations, concentration and dup-forming. Until permanent negative air temperatures set, water level is increased above mining equipment and prepared supplies and mounting of timbering on height of water increase level, and after forming of ice water level is dropped to previous level, and extractive and concentrating operations as well as dump forming operations for winter season are performed under surface of ice.

EFFECT: higher efficiency of operation of extractive and concentrating equipment during excavation of watered placer deposits of mineral resources and technogenic deposits of mineral resources under conditions of long periods of negative air temperatures.

3 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, in particular to the development of flooded alluvial mineral deposits and technogenic accumulations of mineral raw materials in the conditions of prolonged negative air temperatures.

A well-known underwater method of developing alluvial deposits, including preparatory and mining operations, enrichment and dumping (Shorokhov S.M. Development of alluvial deposits and the basics of design. M: GNTI mining literature, 1963, p. 481-509).

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of its application in the development of flooded alluvial mineral deposits and technogenic accumulations of mineral raw materials in the conditions of prolonged negative air temperatures (seasonal operation), which sharply reduces the annual productivity of mining and processing equipment. Moreover, the shorter the washing season (conditions of the Far North), the less effective the development of the field.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed one is the underwater method of developing alluvial deposits, including preparatory and mining operations, enrichment and dumping in conditions of negative air temperatures through the formation of a lane around mining equipment and its maintenance during development (Potov Yu.A., Roshchupkin D.V. Hydromechanization of earthworks in winter time.L.: Stroyizdat, 1979, p. 50-74).

The disadvantages of this method is the need to use additional mechanisms for the formation and maintenance of the lane, intensive freezing of equipment and a sharp decrease in the performance of equipment operating at low temperatures.

The main objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of mining and processing equipment in the development of flooded alluvial deposits of minerals and technogenic accumulations of mineral raw materials in the conditions of prolonged negative air temperatures.

To solve the problem in the method of developing alluvial deposits and technogenic accumulations of mineral raw materials, including preparatory and mining operations, enrichment and dumping until constant negative air temperatures occur, the water level rises above the mining equipment and prepared reserves and the fasteners are installed at the height of the water level rise, after ice formation, water is dumped to the previous level, and mining and concentration works, as well as dumping in winter the period is produced under the surface of the ice, and the height of the increase in water level above the mining equipment and prepared reserves is determined by the formula

N _in = N _about + N _b , m,

where N _about - the maximum height used in the production of equipment, m; N _b - the minimum safety gap between the equipment and the inner surface of the ice, m,

and in the process of conducting mining and concentration works, as well as dumping, they ventilate the space below the ice surface.

Improving the efficiency of mining and processing equipment during the development of flooded placer mineral deposits and technogenic accumulations of mineral raw materials in the conditions of prolonged negative air temperatures is achieved by the fact that the organization of the protection of the space under the ice from the influence of external temperature influences the processes of mining and concentration works, as well as dumping is carried out at standard temperatures, ensuring the efficient operation of equipment to as well as during the washing season. Scheduled equipment downtimes are made only during off-season periods at the time of: raising the water level, installing fasteners and freezing the top layer (autumn period); collapse of the ice layer from defrosting and dismantling of fasteners.

The minimum safety margin between the equipment and the internal ice surface can be from 0.5 to 4 m and is determined by the power of hoarfrost on the internal surface, the type of equipment used, the parameters of convection of warm air from the equipment drives and space ventilation.

To ensure the necessary air quality under the ice surface, ventilation of the space by known methods is possible.

The method is as follows.

The placer gold deposit is being developed by a multi-pack mini dredge.

During the summer period, preparatory work is carried out: opening a layer of sand for the duration of the dredge during the winter period, construction of hydraulic structures to raise the water level over prepared reserves, installation of fasteners to the projected water level. In the autumn, the prepared space is filled with water from sources of local water supply. Dredge is afloat in place of prepared reserves. After the formation of ice, water is discharged to the previous level, and ventilation units are installed in the ice opening of the temporary dredge sedimentation area. Mining and processing, as well as dumping, are carried out under the ice surface throughout the winter period. In the spring, before the onset of positive air temperatures, the greenhouse effect occurs, the temperature inside the space increases. To a critical level of destruction of the ice layer, the dredge is taken to a safe place.

The technical and economic comparison of the basic method for the development of alluvial deposits, for which the prototype is adopted, with the proposed method is shown in the table.

Thus, the proposed underwater method of developing alluvial deposits in comparison with the prototype allows to increase the productivity of mining and processing equipment during the development of flooded alluvial deposits of minerals and technogenic accumulations of mineral raw materials in the conditions of prolonged negative air temperatures.

Claims (3)

1. A method of developing alluvial deposits and technogenic accumulations of mineral raw materials, including preparatory and mining operations, enrichment and dumping, characterized in that until constant negative air temperatures occur, the water level rises above the mining equipment and prepared reserves and the fasteners are installed at the height of the water level rise , after ice formation, water is discharged to the previous level, and mining and concentration works, as well as dumping for the winter period produced under the surface of the ice. 2. The method of developing alluvial deposits and technogenic accumulations of mineral raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the increase in water level above the mining equipment and prepared reserves is determined by the formula H _B = H _o + H _b , m, where N _about - the maximum height used in the production of equipment, m; N _b - the minimum limit safe gap between the equipment and the inner surface of the ice, m 3. The method of developing alluvial deposits and technogenic accumulations of mineral raw materials according to claim 1, characterized in that in the process of conducting mining and concentration works, as well as dumping, they ventilate the space under the ice surface.