RU2233940C1 - Fish-passing spawning channel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering, particularly fish passes for permitting fish-breeder access through supporting structures to hatchery and fish growth places.

SUBSTANCE: channel includes fish pass, fish spawning zones, fish guiding means formed as members with increased roughness formed as vertical plates distributed along fish pass length. Plates extend at an angle to fish pass and form swim-in holes. Plates may rotate around vertical axis by drive unit. Plates are arranged in staggered order in transversal stations. Plates are grouped in layers, preferably in three layers, with forming independent groups with increased roughness.

EFFECT: possibility of fish migration management by changing hydraulic conditions in fish pass and due to creating optimal conditions for fish passage to upper pool and for fish spawning directly in fish pass.

4 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular to fish passage facilities designed to allow fish producers to pass through retaining structures to spawning and feeding grounds.

Known fish passage and spawning channel [1], including a gateway regulator located in the head part connected to the upper pool, a water supply path connecting the head part to the wellhead and lower pool, and elements of enhanced roughness installed on the bottom of the channel along its entire length.

The disadvantage of this structure is the lack of conditions for controlling the movement of fish living near the bottom and in the surface horizons of the stream.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a fish pass-spawning channel [2], including a fish pass path. zones for fish spawning, fish-guiding devices in the form of reinforced roughness elements made in the form of vertical plates installed along the entire length of the fish passage tract at an angle to its axis and forming swimming holes in depth.

The disadvantage of this structure is the low management efficiency of both the planned speed plot and the movement of fish.

The aim of the invention is the creation of effective hydraulic conditions in the fish passageway to control the movement of fish.

The invention consists in the following.

The execution of the plates with the possibility of rotation relative to the vertical axis allows you to set them at different angles to the incoming flow, forming swimming holes of different widths located at different horizons of the watercourse. At the same time, behind the plates (Fig. 10), there is a zone of reduced pressure, due to which whirlpool currents form behind the edges of the plates (Karman or Golubev path), and a difference in water levels takes place in the local transverse section of the plate installation. In addition, fish may temporarily accumulate in the formed whirlpool areas, since the flow rate in them is slightly lower than the average flow rate in the fish passage. When the plates are opened, the planned velocity diagram is redistributed, which makes it possible to create a multi-gradient (re-gradient) velocity diagram along the width of the fish passage tract, which allows fish to select flow sections with the most favorable hydraulic conditions for their further advancement along the fish passage path. When folding the plates to the position “parallel” to the flow, there is the possibility of self-washing of the fish passage from the sediment deposited earlier.

The location of the elements of enhanced roughness (plates) in the transverse sections in a checkerboard pattern allows you to quickly change the resistance in a given transverse alignment. The staggered order of the plates facilitates both the control of the flow resistance and the creation of fish-guiding routes for the movement of fish along the channel width. Indeed, the fish that has passed the underlying swimming hole, moving along the lateral surface of the plate, falls into the zone of influence of the flow created by the overlying swimming hole.

The tiered execution of the plates (two or three tiers depends on the depth of the stream in the fish passage) allows you to set various operating conditions necessary for the passage of certain types of fish, the maximum concentration of which is observed at the time of spawning. When the plates of the upper tier are opened and the plates of the lower tiers are covered, the flow is decelerated in the surface horizon and the main flow passes in the bottom layers (sturgeon pass). And, on the contrary, the covering of the upper tier plates and the opening of the lower tier plates helps to create optimal hydraulic conditions for fish living in the surface horizons of the watercourse. In addition to the above, there are other options for opening the plates, allowing you to form a different hydraulic structure both in the depth of the stream and the width of the channel.

Due to the tiered execution of the plates, they form independent groups of reinforced roughness elements, controlling which you can set various operating conditions for spawning of fish in the fish passage channel and their passage into the upper pool.

The arrangement of the plates in two tiers provides the minimum conditions for controlling the flow structure in depth.

The implementation of the plates in three tiers allows you to expand the range of tools for controlling the vertical velocity diagram and, accordingly, to ensure the creation of the most favorable hydraulic conditions for promoting fish along the entire length of the fish passage tract.

In General, the design features of the main point of the invention meet the criterion of "significant differences" and are so interconnected that they form a single creative concept.

The solution to this problem is achieved by creating a new design of elements of enhanced roughness, as well as the graphic material presented in the following figures:

figure 1 is a fragment of the fish-spawning canal, plan;

figure 2 is a fragment of the fish-spawning channel, plan, even rows of plates are closed;

figure 3 is a fragment of the fish-spawning channel, plan, the odd rows of plates are closed;

figure 4 is a transverse section of the fish passage tract, the plate in the open state;

5 is a cross section of the fish passage tract, the plate of the upper tier in the open state, and the lower tier in the closed state;

6 is a cross section of the fish passage tract, the plate of the upper tier is closed, and the lower tier in the open state;

Fig.7 is a cross section of the fish passage tract, the position of the plates in the Central part of the channel allows you to slow down the flow at the surface and, at the same time, there is a braking of the bottom layers in the coastal zone;

Fig - cross section of the fish passage tract, the position of the plates in the Central part of the channel allows you to slow down the flow at the bottom and, at the same time, braking of the surface layers in the coastal zone;

Fig.9 is a transverse section of the fish passage tract, various options for the disclosure of the plates along the depth of the stream;

figure 10 is a hydraulic flow structure formed behind the lower edges of the plates;

11 is a longitudinal section along the fish passage tract, the upper tier plates are open, the middle and lower tier plates are covered;

12 is a longitudinal section along the fish passage tract, the upper and middle tier plates are covered, the lower tier plates are open;

Fig. 13 is a longitudinal section through the fish passage, the upper tier plates are covered, the middle tier plates are open and the lower tier plates are covered;

Fig. 14 is a longitudinal section along the fish passage tract, the upper and middle tier plates are covered, the lower tier plates are open;

Fig. 15 is a longitudinal section through the fish passage tract, the upper and lower tier plates are open, the middle tier plates are covered;

Fig is a longitudinal section along the fish passage tract, plates of all tiers are disclosed.

The fish passage and spawning channel includes a fish passage 1, spawning substrate 2, fish guiding devices in the form of reinforced roughness elements 3 made in the form of vertical plates 4 installed along the entire length of the fish passage 1 at an angle to its axis and forming swimming holes 5 in depth and width channel. The plates 4 are mounted for rotation by means of a drive (not shown), relative to the vertical axis 6, are staggered and placed in transverse sections, while the plates 4 are made in tiers, forming independent groups of reinforced roughness elements 3.

There are two possible versions of the plates - in two tiers and three tiers, while three groups of plates are formed: the upper tier 7, the middle tier 8 and the lower tier 9 plate.

Fishery-spawning channel works as follows.

Attraction of fish into the fish passage-spawning channel is carried out by supplying the working flow from the upper pool to the fish passage tract 1. The fish, reacting to the created hydraulic conditions, actively moves to the inlet head and, entering the estuarine part, enters the fish passage tract 1, where it spawns on the spawning substrate 5 in the event of favorable conditions, or, overcoming the fish passage tract 1, goes to the upper pool for further advancement to the spawning or feeding grounds.

Fish passage path 1 is made in the form of a channel with reinforced roughness elements 3 installed along its length, made in the form of plates 4 located on vertical axes 6. To ensure flow control, both in depth and in width of the plate 4 are made in tiers with the formation of independent groups in the form of plates of the upper 7, middle 8 and lower 9 tiers (11-16). Opening the plates 4 or covering them, they achieve the formation of optimal hydraulic conditions for the fish to move along the fish path 1. The location of the elements of enhanced roughness 3 in the transverse sections of the path 1 and their staggered arrangement allows you to create additional resistance to the incoming flow, while the excess kinetic energy is quenched flow and the planned and vertical flow structure is reformed.

When a stream flows around the open plates 4, secondary whirlpool currents are formed behind their lower edges, in which the flow rates are slightly lower than the average flow rate in the fish passage 1. Fish moving upstream has the possibility of short-term rest and restoration of their forces, falling into the formed whirlpool zones.

When changing the position of the plates 4 (in the folded state), it is possible to flush the fish passage 1 from sediment, because with a new combination of plates 4 in the transverse sections, the hydraulic structure of the flow in the channel changes in accordance with the change in the position of the plates 4.

Sources of information

1. USSR author's certificate No. 1562397, E 02 B 8/08, 1990.

2. RF patent No. 2055111, E 02 B 8/08, 1996.

Claims (3)

1. Fish passage and spawning channel, including fish passage, zones for fish spawning, fish guiding devices in the form of reinforced roughness elements made in the form of vertical plates installed along the entire length of the fish passage tract at an angle to its axis and forming swimming holes in depth, characterized in that the plates are mounted to rotate by means of a drive relative to the vertical axis, are staggered and placed in transverse sections, while the plates are located in tiers, forming dependent groups of elements of enhanced roughness. 2. Fishery and spawning channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates are installed in two tiers. 3. Fishery and spawning channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the plates are installed in three tiers.

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