RU2229789C1 - Apparatus for preparing of mushroom growing substrate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture engineering, in particular, growing of oyster mushrooms. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has horizontal casing with front and rear end surfaces. Casing is provided with raw material charging hole and raw material discharge hole. Mixing and discharge blades are rigidly fixed on inner surface of casing at an angle to axis of rotation. Raw material thermal processing unit, mechanism for supplying raw material into casing and rotation mechanism are also fixed in casing. Apparatus is further provided with ventilation system connected to casing. Ventilation system includes unit for supplying air into casing, said unit including central and distribution pipelines arranged at casing front end surface, and air relieve valve unit arranged at casing rear end surface. Casing is mounted for rotation around its horizontal axis. Thermal processing unit has pipelines with distribution branch pipes adapted for uniform moistening of raw material. Casing is equipped at its outer side with driven and driving rolls connected to rotation mechanism. Four hermetically sealed substrate discharge holes are uniformly arranged on casing front end surface. Apparatus is further provided with weigh. Raw material supplying mechanism is made pneumatic. EFFECT: enhanced reliability in operation and improved quality of substrate. 6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and specifically to devices for biotechnological processes for the preparation of substrates for growing mushrooms, such as oyster mushrooms.

Known tunnel for the preparation of the substrate, which is a sealed chamber, equipped with a ventilation system with air purification, steam supply system and automatic climate control. The floor of the tunnel is made of bars laid with slots for even distribution of the supplied air, a synthetic mesh is placed on the bars to prevent the substrate from spilling into the tunnel pallet (Tishenkov A.D. Fermentation of the substrate in pasteurization tunnels. - Mushroom growing school. - No. 1 (7). - 2001. - C.3).

However, this setup is usually used to prepare a large amount of substrate, in which the wetting and fermentation cycles are separated in time, which complicates the preparation of the substrate and requires additional mechanisms. In addition, the effect of the contact of fragments of raw materials, arising from the absence of the mixing process, increases the duration of preparation of the substrate.

A known line for the preparation of a substrate for growing edible mushrooms, containing sequentially located according to the technological process the feed mechanism of the raw material, a device for its heat treatment and a device for unloading the substrate. In this case, the heat treatment device is made with a feed neck that is in communication with the conveyor of the loading mechanism, and a feed neck for unloading the finished substrate, under which a conveyor is installed, which is inclined to ensure the supply of the finished substrate to the drive. A shaft with blades is installed inside the body of the heat treatment device (AS USSR N 1754008, IPC A 01 G 1/04).

This line allows you to prepare a substrate for growing mushrooms of various species and from various raw materials. However, this device is not reliable enough due to the possibility of jamming of the rotation mechanism during the mixing of raw materials and does not allow to obtain a high-quality substrate due to uneven mixing of the raw material during the preparation of the substrate.

Closest to the claimed device is a line for preparing a substrate for growing edible mushrooms, comprising a feed mechanism sequentially arranged according to the technological process, a device for its heat treatment and a device for unloading the substrate, while the device for its heat treatment is made in the form of a thermoclave equipped with a water jacket, and has a neck for loading raw materials and a neck for unloading the finished substrate. A shaft with blades is installed inside the body of the heat treatment device. The conveyor of the loading mechanism is made auger, and the drive is in the form of a container having a cross-sectional shape of an inverted truncated cone, the smaller base of which has a tray tapering towards the discharge side to ensure filling of the substrate into the container, one side of each blade is made straight and the other side has a bevel of 45 ° (Patent RU 3021568, IPC A 01 G 1/04).

However, this installation is also not reliable enough and does not allow to obtain a high-quality substrate due to uneven mixing of the raw material in the cooking process. In addition, the installation is not universal enough, as Allows to produce a substrate only by pasteurization technology.

The objective of the present invention is to increase the reliability of the claimed device while improving the quality of the prepared substrate by providing a process of uniform mixing of raw materials in the process of preparation of the substrate.

The problem is solved in that in a device for preparing a substrate for growing mushrooms, containing a horizontally located housing with front and rear end surfaces, equipped with hatches for loading raw materials and unloading the substrate, inside the housing are blades for mixing and unloading and a heat treatment unit for raw materials, as well as a mechanism supply of raw materials to the housing, the rotation mechanism, according to the proposed solution, a ventilation system connected to the housing is introduced into it, the housing is rotatable around g of its horizontal axis, the blades are rigidly fixed on the inner surface of the housing at an angle to the axis of rotation, and the heat treatment unit is made in the form of pipelines with distribution pipes with the ability to ensure uniform wetting of raw materials.

In addition, the ventilation system includes an air supply unit to the housing, consisting of a central and distribution piping located on the front end surface of the housing, and a valve block for venting air located on the rear end surface of the housing.

In addition, the housing on the outside is equipped with driven and drive rollers connected to the rotation mechanism.

Four hermetic hatches, evenly spaced on the front end surface of the housing, were made for unloading the substrate.

In addition, the device is equipped with scales, and the feed mechanism to the housing is made pneumatic.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a General view of the inventive installation, Fig.2 is a view of the front end surface of the housing of the installation.

The positions indicated:

1 - installation casing,

2 - air duct for loading raw materials,

3 - air duct for air exhaust,

4 - nozzles

5 - chopper raw materials,

6 - the central pipeline of the ventilation system,

7 - distribution piping of the ventilation system,

8 - valves of the ventilation system,

9 - driven roller

10 - drive roller

11 - shaft

12 - gear

13 - electric motor,

14 - supports

15 - weight mechanism

16 - blades

17 - pipelines with pipes of the heat treatment unit,

18 - steam pipe

19 - hatches for unloading the substrate.

The device comprises a horizontally located housing 1, for example a cylindrical one, with front and rear end surfaces (see figure 1). A mechanism for loading raw materials is located on the side of the rear end surface of the housing, and a mechanism for unloading the substrate is located on the front side. In this case, the feed loading mechanism is made pneumatic and consists of two air ducts 2 and 3, one of which is connected to the raw material grinder 5, equipped with a fan. Another duct is designed to drain excess air from the housing during loading. The air ducts are connected to the housing by means of nozzles 4. The front end surface of the housing can be made in the form of a cover. The device is equipped with a ventilation system consisting of an air supply unit to the housing located on the front end surface of the housing and a valve block 8 for venting air located on the rear end surface of the housing. The air supply unit to the housing is made in the form of a central pipeline 6 — an air inlet connected to distribution pipelines 7 arranged, for example, crosswise with the possibility of continuous air supply during operation of the device (see figure 2). At the same time, at least one hole in the housing for supplying air is positioned in such a way as to allow air to enter above the substrate (closer to the periphery of the end surface of the housing). The housing is rotatable around a horizontal axis. At the same time, the casing from the outside is equipped with driven 9 and driving 10 rollers. The driven rollers 9 are mounted on the housing 1 and are supported on the driving rollers 10 in the form of rollers, which are connected to each other by a shaft 11, and with a rotation mechanism consisting of a gearbox 12 and an electric motor 13. The drive rollers 10 are mounted on supports 14 on which a hydraulic weight unit is mounted mechanism 15. On the inner surface of the housing 1, the blades 16 are rigidly fixed at an angle to the axis of rotation along the spiral generatrix. The device is equipped with a block of heat treatment of raw materials, which consists of a number of pipelines 17 (in an amount of at least three) designed to supply water and steam and located inside the body along the entire length at an equal distance from each other to ensure uniform heat treatment and moisturizing of the raw material. The pipelines are equipped with nozzles with a protective element that prevents the ingress of raw materials into the cavity of the pipelines, and are rigidly fixed on the surface of the housing between the blades. The pipelines of the heat treatment unit are connected through an opening in the rear end surface of the casing to the steam line 18. On the front front surface of the casing, hatches 19 are designed for unloading the substrate, equipped with clamps to ensure tightness during operation. The number of hatches is selected depending on the specific parameters of the process to ensure portioned unloading of the substrate. A temperature sensor is mounted in the housing.

Installation works as follows.

The estimated amount of feedstock for preparing the substrate, for example, pre-chopped straw, is pneumatically fed through the air duct 2 to the housing 1. After loading is complete, the air ducts are disconnected from the housing, the nozzles 4 are closed. An electric motor 13 is turned on, which drives the driven rollers 9 connected to the housing 1 through the gearbox 12 and the drive rollers 10 connected by the shaft 11, which rotates the latter around its horizontal axis to evenly distribute the raw materials in the housing. After turning off the electric motor and stopping the rotation of the housing, the raw material is weighed, its moisture content is determined. Then calculate the required amount of water to obtain a given value of the moisture content of the raw materials. The electric motor 13 is turned on and, during rotation, a predetermined amount of water is supplied through the steam line 18 to a heat treatment unit consisting of a piping system with nozzles 17. Then, by periodic or continuous supply of steam, the required temperature is maintained for processing the raw material and preparing the substrate. After reaching the set temperature, the ventilation system is switched on, in which through the central pipe 6 and distribution pipelines 7 the air supply to the housing 1 is started. Valves 8 located on the rear end surface of the housing ensure uniform air supply during operation due to its bleeding. The raw materials are kept under specified conditions for building up microflora for at least 18 hours. After the process of preparation of the substrate is completed, the steam supply is turned off, and the obtained substrate is cooled by the air supplied through the pipelines of the ventilation system. After turning off the air supply, the electric motor is turned off and after stopping the rotation of the case, the hatches 19 are opened and the machine is turned on again for unloading the finished substrate. The inventive device is universal and allows you to produce a substrate not only by the technology described above, but also by other technologies, for example xerothermal, hydrothermal, fractional sterilization, pasteurization, etc.

The proposed arrangement of the blades on the inner surface of the housing and the execution of the housing rotating allows you to increase the reliability of the device both during preparation of the substrate, and during its automatic unloading. In addition, the introduction of two driven rollers into the device from the outside of the housing, connected to the rotation mechanism by means of drive rollers connected to each other by the drive shaft, allows to reduce the power consumption of the device by at least 5 times compared with the prototype. The advantage of this device is also its versatility, because it is possible to prepare the substrate with various technologies.

Claims (6)

1. A device for preparing a substrate for growing mushrooms, containing a horizontally located body with front and rear end surfaces, equipped with hatches for loading raw materials and unloading the substrate, inside the body there are blades for mixing and unloading and a block for heat treatment of raw materials, a mechanism for supplying raw materials to the body, mechanism rotation, characterized in that it introduced a ventilation system connected to the housing, the housing is made to rotate around its horizontal axis, the blades are rigidly fixed on the inner surface of the housing at an angle to the axis of rotation, and the heat treatment unit is made in the form of pipelines with distribution pipes with the ability to ensure uniform wetting of raw materials. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation system includes an air supply unit to the housing, consisting of central and distribution pipelines located on the front end surface of the housing, and a valve block for venting air located on the rear end surface of the housing. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing from the outside is equipped with driven and driving rollers connected to the rotation mechanism. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that for the unloading of the substrate made four sealed hatches, evenly spaced on the front end surface of the housing. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with weights. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed mechanism to the housing is made pneumatic.

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