RU28424U1 - SUBSTRATE MUSHROOM MACHINE - Google Patents

Description

Substrate machine for growing UAH

The utility model relates to agriculture, and specifically to devices for biotechnological processes of preparation of substrates for growing mushrooms, for example, oyster mushrooms.

Known tunnel for the preparation of the substrate, which is a sealed chamber, equipped with a ventilation system with air purification, steam supply system and automatic climate control. The floor of the tunnel is made of bars laid with slots for even distribution of the supplied air; a synthetic mesh is placed on the bars to prevent the substrate from spilling into the tunnel pallet. (Tishenkov A.D. Fermentation of the substrate in the tunnels of pasteurization. - School of mushroom growing. - No. 1 (7). - 2001.- p.Z).

However, this setup is usually used to prepare a large amount of substrate, in which the wetting and fermentation cycles are separated in time, which complicates the preparation of the substrate and requires additional mechanisms. In addition, the contact effect of fragments of raw materials, arising due to the lack of the process of movement, increases the duration of preparation of the substrate.

A known line for the preparation of a substrate for growing edible mushrooms, containing sequentially located by the technological process the feed mechanism of the raw material, a device for its heat treatment and a device for unloading the substrate. In this case, the heat treatment device is made with a filler neck:; raw materials communicated with the conveyor of the loading mechanism, and a discharge neck of the finished substrate, under which the conveyor is installed, is located obliquely to ensure the supply of the finished substrate to the drive. A shaft with blades is installed inside the body of the heat treatment device. (USSR AS N 1754008, IPC A01G 1/04).

This line allows you to prepare a substrate for growing mushrooms of various species and from various raw materials. However, this device is not reliable enough, due to the possibility of jamming of the rotation mechanism during the mixing of raw materials and does not allow to obtain a high-quality substrate due to uneven mixing of the raw material during the preparation of the substrate.

IPC: A01G 1/04

sequentially located according to the technological process, the feed supply mechanism, the device for its heat treatment and the device for unloading the substrate, while the device for its heat treatment is made in the form of a thermoclave equipped with a water jacket and has a filler neck and a finished neck for unloading the finished substrate. A shaft with blades is installed inside the body of the heat treatment device. The conveyor of the loading mechanism is made auger, and the drive is in the form of a container having a cross-sectional shape of an inverted truncated cone, the smaller base of which has a tray tapering towards the discharge side to ensure filling of the substrate into the container, one side of each blade is made straight and the other side has a bevel of 45 ° (Patent RU 3021568, IPC A01G 1/04).

However, this installation is also not reliable enough and does not allow to obtain a high-quality substrate due to uneven mixing of the raw material in the cooking process. In addition, the installation is not universal enough, as Allows to produce a substrate only by pasteurization technology.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to increase the reliability of the substrate machine while improving the quality of the prepared substrate by providing a process of uniform mixing of raw materials in the process of preparation of the substrate.

The problem is solved in that in a substrate machine for growing mushrooms, containing a horizontally located body with front and rear end surfaces, equipped with hatches for loading sfia and unloading the substrate, inside the body are blades for mixing and unloading and a block for heat treatment of raw materials, as well as a feeding mechanism for sfi in the housing, the rotation mechanism, according to the proposed solution, introduced a ventilation system connected to the housing, the housing is made to rotate around its horizontal axis , the blades are rigidly fixed on the inner surface of the housing at an angle to the axis of rotation, and the heat treatment unit is made in the form of pipelines with distribution pipes with the ability to ensure uniform wetting of raw materials.

In addition, the ventilation system includes an air supply unit to the housing, consisting of central and distribution pipelines located on the front end surface of the housing and a valve block for venting air located on the rear end surface of the housing.

2 Four hermetic hatches were made to unload the substrate, evenly

located on the front end surface of the housing.

In addition, the utility model is equipped with scales, and the mechanism for supplying raw materials to the housing

made pneumatic.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a General view

the claimed installation, figure 2 is a view of the front end surface of the housing of the installation,

where the positions indicated:

1- installation case,

2- air duct for loading raw materials,

3 - air duct for air exhaust,

4-branch pipes

5- raw material chopper

6 - the central pipeline of the ventilation system,

7 - distribution piping of the ventilation system,

8- ventilation system valves,

9-driven roller

10-lead roller

11-shaft

12-gear

13 - electric motor

14-pillars

15 weight mechanism

16- blades

17 - pipelines with pipes of the heat treatment unit,

18- steam line

19- hatches for unloading the substrate.

The substrate machine contains a horizontally located housing 1, for example, cylindrical, with front and rear end surfaces (see figure 1). A mechanism for loading raw materials is located on the side of the rear end surface of the housing, and a mechanism for unloading the substrate is on the front. Moreover, the feed loading mechanism is pneumatic and consists of two air ducts 2 and 3, one of which is connected to the raw material grinder 5, equipped with a fan 11. Another duct is designed to drain excess air from the housing during loading. The air ducts are connected to the housing by means of nozzles 4. The front end surface of the housing can be made in the form of a cover. The device is equipped with a ventilation system.

Acl

3

consisting of an air supply unit to the housing located on the front end surface of the housing and a valve block 8 for venting air located on the rear end surface of the housing. The air supply unit to the housing is made in the form of a central pipeline 6 — an air inlet connected to distribution pipelines 7 arranged, for example, crosswise with the possibility of continuous air supply during operation of the device (see figure 2). At the same time, at least one hole in the housing for supplying air is positioned in such a way as to allow air to enter above the substrate (closer to the periphery of the end surface of the housing). The housing is made with the possibility of rotation around a horizontal axis. At the same time, the casing from the outside is equipped with slave 9 and drive 10 rollers. The driven rollers 9 are mounted on the housing 1 and are supported on the driving rollers 10 in the form of rollers, which are connected to each other by a shaft And and with a rotation mechanism consisting of a gearbox 12 and an electric motor 13. The drive rollers 10 are mounted on supports 14 on which a hydraulic weighing mechanism is mounted 15. On the inner surface of the housing 1, the blades 16 are rigidly fixed at an angle to the axis of rotation along the spiral generatrix. The device is equipped with a heat treatment unit for raw materials, which consists of a number of pipelines 17 (in an amount of at least three) designed to supply water and steam, and located inside the body along the entire length at an equal distance from each other to ensure uniform heat treatment and moisturizing of the raw material. The pipelines are equipped with nozzles with a protective element that prevents the ingress of raw materials into the cavity of the pipelines, and are rigidly fixed to the surface of the body between the blades. The pipelines of the heat treatment unit are connected through an opening in the rear end surface of the casing to the steam line 18. On the front front surface of the casing, hatches 19 are designed for unloading the substrate, equipped with clamps to ensure tightness during operation. The number of hatches is selected depending on the specific parameters of the process to ensure portioned unloading of the substrate. A temperature sensor is mounted in the housing.

Installation works as follows.

The estimated amount of feedstock for preparing the substrate, for example, pre-chopped straw, is pneumatically fed through the air duct 2 to the housing 1. After loading is complete, the air ducts are disconnected from the housing, the nozzles 4 are closed. They include an electric motor 13, which, through a gearbox 12, and connected by a shaft 11, drive rollers 10 - drive rollers drives the driven rollers 9, connected to the housing 1, allowing the latter to rotate around its horizontal

axis for uniform distribution of raw materials in the housing. After turning off the electric motor and stopping the rotation of the housing, the raw material is weighed, its moisture content is determined. Then, the required amount of water is calculated to obtain a given moisture content of the raw material. The electric motor 13 is turned on and, during rotation, a predetermined amount of water is supplied through the steam line 18 to a heat treatment unit consisting of a piping system with nozzles 17. Then, by periodic or continuous supply of steam, the required temperature is maintained for processing the raw materials and preparing the substrate. After reaching the set temperature, the ventilation system is switched on, in which through the central pipe 6 and distribution pipelines 7 they begin to supply air to the housing 1. Valves 8 located on the rear end surface of the housing ensure uniform air supply during operation due to bleeding. Raw materials are assimilated under specified conditions to build up microflora for at least 18 hours. After the preparation of the substrate is completed, the steam supply is turned off, and the prepared substrate is cooled by the air supplied through the pipelines of the ventilation system. After turning off the air supply, the electric motor is turned off and after stopping the rotation of the case, the hatches 19 are opened and the machine is switched on again for unloading the finished substrate. The inventive device is universal and allows you to produce a substrate not only according to the technology described above, but also to other technologies: for example, xerothermal, hydrothermal, fractional sterilization, pasteurization, etc.

The proposed location of the blades on the inner surface of the housing and the execution of the housing rotating allows you to increase the reliability of the device, both in the process of preparing the substrate, and during its automatic unloading. In addition, the introduction of two driven rollers into the device from the outside of the casing, connected to the rotation mechanism by means of drive rollers connected to each other by the drive shaft, allows to reduce the power consumption of the device by at least 5 times compared to the prototype. The advantage of this device is also its versatility, because it is possible to prepare the substrate with various technologies. 5

Claims (6)

1. A substrate machine for growing mushrooms, containing a horizontally located body with front and rear end surfaces, equipped with hatches for loading raw materials and unloading the substrate, inside the body there are blades for mixing and unloading and a heat treatment unit for raw materials, a mechanism for supplying raw materials to the body, a rotation mechanism, characterized in that a ventilation system connected to the housing is introduced therein, the housing is rotatable around its horizontal axis, the blades are rigidly fixed to the inner surface the body of the housing at an angle to the axis of rotation, and the heat treatment unit is made in the form of pipelines with distribution pipes with the ability to ensure uniform wetting of raw materials. 2. The substrate machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilation system includes an air supply unit to the housing, consisting of central and distribution pipelines located on the front end surface of the housing and a valve block for venting air located on the rear end surface of the housing. 3. The substrate machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing from the outside is equipped with driven and drive rollers connected to the rotation mechanism. 4. The substrate machine according to claim 1, characterized in that for the unloading of the substrate, four airtight manholes are made uniformly located on the front end surface of the housing. 5. The substrate machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with weights. 6. The substrate machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for supplying raw materials to the housing is made pneumatic.