RU2229619C1 - Method of and device for preparation of fuel-air mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering+ADs- power engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heat power plants and engines, including internal combustion engines. According to proposed method, fuel-air mixture components are exposed to combined action of magnetic field and catalyst before combustion. Only air is preliminarily treated at creating such induction of magnetic field at which, in presence of catalyst, both molecules of oxygen and molecules of nitrogen in air dissociated into ions. After treatment air is mixed with fuel in proportion providing permissibly lean fuel-air mixture. Treatment of air is carried out in device in form of cylinder with non-through central hole. Recess is made on outer side surface of cylinder which is connected with central non-through hole by channels. Ring permanent magnets are installed opposite to each other on outer side of recess. Clearance formed between magnets permits air to pass into inner space of recess filled with catalyst, magnetic lines of force created by permanent magnets passing square to air flow. Air from inner space of recess passes trough channels into central non-through hole to which pipeline for mixing treated and fuel and delivery of fuel-air mixture into engine or heat power plant is connected. EFFECT: increased efficiency of heat power plants and engines, reduced concentration of harmful matter in exhaust gases, reduced hydraulic resistance in fuel-air duct. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to energy, heat power plants and engines, including internal combustion.

The phenomenon of cold plasma chemistry is known, in which the upper electron shells fly off the atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, argon and other gases, ions and other active particles are formed, with the release of heat due to the partial nuclear decay of atoms. The conditions for the flow of plasma chemistry can be created, for example, due to electric discharges or the use of a magnetic field (Industrial Journal, 1999, No. 9, p. 19).

A device for treating air in an internal combustion engine (ICE) is known for ozonizing air before mixing it with fuel, increasing the completeness of fuel combustion and reducing the toxicity of engine exhaust gases. Ozonation of air is achieved by moving air toward the electron wind generated during a corona discharge between two electrodes (USSR author's certificate No. 1341366, F 02 M 27/00, Bull. No. 3 from 09.30.87). The disadvantages are the complexity of the design of the device and the need for a sufficiently powerful electric current generator.

It is known that when exposed to air by electric or magnetic pulses, mainly only oxygen molecules dissociate into ions. In this case, the dissociation of nitrogen molecules does not occur, since the dissociation energy of nitrogen molecules is 2 times higher than that of oxygen (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1825887, F 02 M 27/04, Bull. No. 25 dated 07/07/93).

A known method of preliminary preparation of fuel and a device for its implementation. The method includes primary exposure of the fuel to a tin-based catalyst and subsequent treatment of the fuel with a magnetic field with exposure to the granular filler (catalyst) (RF Patent No. 2028491, F 02 M 27/00, Bull. No. 4 from 02/09/95). However, only fuel comprising 3-5% of the volume of the entire fuel-air mixture is exposed to said processing, and the air of the mixture is not processed. Moreover, the installation of a fuel processing device on the fuel path is accompanied by an increase in hydraulic resistance in it and an increase in corrosion of the fuel path due to the higher chemical activity of the fuel.

A known method of magnetic processing of a fuel-air mixture in ICE based on permanent magnets and a device including diffusers made of permanent magnets and forming magnetic lines of force perpendicular to the flow of the fuel-air mixture (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1384814, F 02 M 27 / 00, Bull. No. 12 dated 03.30.88). However, the use of magnetic treatment alone is not sufficient to effectively increase the chemical activity of the fuel-air mixture, and the specified fuel treatment is accompanied by an increase in hydraulic resistance in the fuel path before being fed into the combustion chamber (engine cylinders).

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention on the basis of the proposed method for preparing a fuel-air mixture is to increase the efficiency of heat power plants and engines, reduce the concentration of harmful impurities in the exhaust gases and reduce the hydraulic resistance in the fuel-air tract.

To achieve this technical result, in the proposed method for preparing a fuel-air mixture, which consists in treating the components of a fuel-air mixture with a magnetic field, only air is pre-treated by exposing it to a magnetic field and a catalyst, while creating such a magnetic field induction in which in the presence of the catalyst, not only oxygen molecules of the air, but also nitrogen molecules dissociate into ions, then the treated air is mixed with fuel in a proportion that ensures obtaining an extremely poor fuel-air mixture, the resulting fuel-air mixture is fed for combustion to a heat power plant or engine.

Introduction to the proposed method for preparing a fuel-air mixture of air pre-treatment based on the combined effect of a magnetic field and a catalyst on it, leading to dissociation of not only oxygen molecules of the air, but also nitrogen molecules, as well as subsequent mixing of the treated air with fuel in proportion providing extremely poor fuel-air mixture, allows you to get a new property, which consists in increasing the chemical activity of air due to the dissociation of molecules not only oxygen, but also nitrogen, constituting up to 80% of air, reducing fuel consumption due to the use of an extremely lean fuel-air mixture, as well as reducing the concentration of harmful substances in exhaust gases due to better fuel combustion and lowering hydraulic losses in the fuel-air tract due to pre-treatment of only air, without the presence of fuel.

The proposed method of preparing a fuel-air mixture can be carried out in the device described below.

The device for preparing the fuel-air mixture, which includes permanent magnets that form magnetic lines of force perpendicular to the air flow, is made in the form of a cylinder having a non-through central hole, a recess is made along the outer side surface of the cylinder with channels, while Outer side of the recess opposite each other are mounted annular permanent magnets in such a way that a gap is formed between them, allowing air to pass between the magnets inside the lower cavity of the recess and then through the channels into the central non-through hole, the inner cavity of the recess being filled with catalyst, and a pipeline is connected to the central non-through hole to mix the treated air with the fuel and supply the fuel-air mixture to the engine or thermal power plant.

The drawing shows a device for preparing a fuel-air mixture that implements the proposed method.

The device for preparing the fuel-air mixture is made in the form of a cylinder 1 having a non-through central hole 2, a recess 3 is made along the outer lateral surface of the cylinder 1, connected to the central non-through hole by channels 4, and ring permanent magnets 5 are mounted on the outside of the recess opposite each other , a gap 6 is formed between them, allowing air to pass between the magnets 5 into the internal cavity of the recess 3 and then through the channels 4 into the central through hole 2, the internal cavity of the recess 3 s total catalyst 7. To the central blind bore 2 is connected conduit 8 which is fed with fuel, for example, through a nozzle 10 to form a fuel-air mixture. The pipeline 8 connects the device for the preparation of the fuel-air mixture with the engine or thermal power plant (not shown). Magnetic lines of force are indicated by arrows 9.

The proposed method is carried out in the described device as follows.

The ring magnets 5 installed in the recess 3 of the cylinder 1 form magnetic field lines 9 passing through the gap 6 between them and the cylinder body 1. The air passing through the gap 6 is exposed to a magnetic field formed by the magnets 5, the induction value of which is chosen such to ensure the dissociation of oxygen and nitrogen molecules. To enhance the dissociation effect of oxygen and nitrogen molecules by the simultaneous influence of a magnetic field and a catalyst, the internal cavity of the recess 3 is filled with a catalyst 7 through which magnetic field lines 9 pass. For example, platinum is used as a catalyst. From the internal cavity of the recess 3 through channels 4, dissociated air (with oxygen and nitrogen ions) enters the central through hole 2 located in cylinder 1, and then passes into the pipe 8, where fuel is supplied, for example, through the nozzle 10 in an amount that provides education extremely poor air-fuel mixture. The resulting air-fuel mixture is piped 8 to a heat power plant or engine.

Sources of information

1. The journal "Industrial Herald", 1999, No. 9, p. 19.

2. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1341366, F 02 M 27/00, Bull. No.3 from 09.30.87.

3. USSR copyright certificate No. 1825887, F 02 M 27/04. Bull. No. 25 dated 07/07/93.

4. RF patent No. 2028491, F 02 M 27/00, Bull. No 4 on 02/09/95.

5. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 1384814, F 02 M 27/00, Bull. No. 12 dated 03/30/88 - a prototype.

Claims (2)

1. The method of preparation of the fuel-air mixture, which consists in pre-processing before burning the components of the fuel-air mixture with a magnetic field, characterized in that only air is pretreated by the combined action of a magnetic field and a catalyst, while creating such a magnetic field induction, when which in the presence of a catalyst, not only oxygen molecules of the air, but also nitrogen molecules dissociate into ions, then the treated air is mixed with fuel in proportion, providing boiling obtaining extremely lean fuel-air mixture, the resulting fuel-air mixture supplied to a combustion engine or heat-setting. 2. A device for preparing a fuel-air mixture, which includes permanent magnets forming magnetic lines of force perpendicular to the air flow, characterized in that it is made in the form of a cylinder having a non-through central hole, a recess is connected to the central side of the cylinder and connected to the central through the hole through the channels, while on the outer side of the recess opposite to each other are installed annular permanent magnets in such a way that a gap is formed between them, allowing air to pass through between magnets into the internal cavity of the recess, filled with catalyst, and then through the channels into the central through hole, to which a pipeline is connected to mix the treated air with fuel and to supply the fuel-air mixture to the engine or thermal power plant.