RU2335652C1 - Method of fuel preparation for feed into combustion chamber and device to this effect - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: method includes breakage of fuel hydrocarbon bonds by reducing intermolecular interaction forces via power influence and separation of fuel flow cross section into concentric layers everyone of which, in its turn, is divided into two additional concentric layers. The turbulence is formed in the aforesaid layers by swirling every layer in opposite directions relative to each other and to adjacent layers. The device incorporates opposite-polarity annular and central electrodes connected to the power supply and arranged coaxially opposite with a gap. The device has, at least, a part of annular electrodes made as isolated segments with a separate terminal to be connected to appropriate terminal of the power supply. The annular segment electrode inner and outer surfaces are furnished with fuel flow turbulators representing inclined elongated opposed ledges and elongated ledges of the adjacent electrodes.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, fuel treatment quality and flow composition stability.

8 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of heat engineering and can be used in fuel preparation systems of various power plants, such as, for example, internal combustion engines, boiler plants, etc.

A known method of processing fuel, implemented on the appropriate device [Description of the invention to UK patent No. 2185783, from 01.29.1986, IPC ⁴ F02M 27/00, 31/12 (N.cl. F1B), publ. 07/29/1987]. The method includes processing the fuel stream before applying it for burning by a low voltage electromagnetic field, resulting in partial destruction of hydrocarbon fractions.

The effectiveness of this processing method is very small, since the use of low voltages for the destruction of hydrocarbon fractions is ineffective.

A known method of processing diesel fuel, implemented by a device to reduce exhaust toxicity [Description of the invention to US patent No. 6178954 from 12/06/1997, N. C. 123-538, publ. 01/30/2001]. The method involves processing the fuel flow with a magnetic field, which allows you to build a unipolar charged hydrocarbon molecules in such a way that in the combustion chamber it is more fully dispersed and, accordingly, more complete combustion. Due to this, they achieve a reduction in exhaust toxicity.

The disadvantage of this method of processing fuel is that using a magnetic field it is possible to build only a small part of the total amount of hydrocarbon fractions present in the fuel, although this amount is sufficient to obtain a visible effect.

A known method of processing, in particular, motor fuel with an electrostatic field [Description of the invention to UK patent No. 2295421 from 11.22.1994, IPC ⁶ F02M 27/04 (N.cl. F1B), publ. May 29, 1996]. To increase the degree of exposure to the electrostatic field, the method includes sequential processing of the stream in two stages. This technique potentially allows you to use this technical solution on high-speed flows.

A known method of indirectly affecting fuel to provide improved characteristics of its combustion, which is carried out by mixing it with air treated with internal electrostatic and external magnetic fields [Description of the invention to German patent No. 19621531 from 05/29/1996, IPC ⁶ F02M 27/04, publ. 12/04/1997].

Electromagnetic processing of the fluid involves the weakening of intermolecular interactions within it. When two media are mixed — processed and unprocessed — the total dispersion of the mixture of the two media is averaged. For the case of the aforementioned invention, when the treated air is mixed with fuel, a fuel mixture is obtained, the dispersion of which is much higher than the dispersion of a conventional mixture, and this significantly improves engine performance. However, indicators such as the completeness of fuel combustion remain insufficient.

The closest to the set of essential features of the claimed method of preparing fuel for supply to the combustion chamber is a method implemented by a device for processing fuel of mainly gas turbine engines, which includes the destruction of hydrocarbon fractions of fuel by reducing the forces of intermolecular interaction under the influence of electrostatic and magnetic fields generated simultaneously in several cross-sectional areas of the flow [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2147075 of 05/19/1999, IPC ⁷ F02M 27/04, publ. 03/27/2000. Bull. No. 9].

Despite the high processing efficiency, which provides dispersion of the fuel in the combustion chamber at an almost molecular level, this method has performance limitations on fast-flowing flows, when the polarized hydrocarbon fractions, having no time to line up, quickly lose their potential.

The problem solved by the first invention of the group, and the technical result achieved, are to further increase the productivity of the method, as well as to improve the quality of fuel processing and the stability of the composition of its stream, which will improve the combustion of the fuel mixture, namely, reduce fuel consumption, further reduce exhaust toxicity and reduce their noise characteristics.

To solve the problem and achieve the corresponding technical result in the known method of preparing fuel for supply to the combustion chamber, including the destruction of hydrocarbon fractions of the fuel by reducing the forces of intermolecular interaction through energy exposure, the cross section of the fuel flow is divided into concentric layers, each of which, in its own in turn, they are divided into two additional concentric layers, within which turbulence is formed due to the twisting of each and of them in opposite directions relative to each other and neighboring layers.

Besides:

- the speeds of unidirectional flows form differing from each other in magnitude;

- as the fuel moves in the direction of the combustion chamber, the process of its separation into concentric layers, at least duplicate.

A known system for processing fuel by an electric field in an internal combustion engine, comprising a hydraulic device consisting of a hollow composite housing, a first electrode in the form of a grid, a second and third electrodes, input and output channels in communication with the input and output fuel lines of the engine, a working channel for passage the fuel formed by the holes in the electrodes and the gaps between the electrodes, and the corresponding high-voltage equipment [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2196919 from 11/14/2001, IPC ⁷ F02M 27/04, publ. January 20, 2003].

The presence of a grid electrode involves the directed alignment of hydrocarbon fractions of fuel simultaneously over the entire cross section of the fuel line, after which the flow narrows substantially. As a result, mechanical mixing takes place, which means reorientation and, as a result, neutralization of charged fragments, which, with distance from the treatment site, will manifest itself with even greater force. In practice, it looks like this: for example, in a locomotive engine, satisfactory quality fuel enters the closest combustion chamber to the fuel processing device, and fuel that has practically lost its potential reaches the farthest. As a result, the effect of fuel processing is largely leveled, and so that this does not happen, one should use the number of processing devices equal to the number of engine cylinders, which is economically inefficient.

A device for processing fuel is known, comprising a flow-through housing with inlet and outlet channels and an electrode located in the housing along its axis, the housing being made of an electrically conductive material capable of performing the function of a second electrode and made of three chambers in series, the middle chamber being filled with ferromagnetic balls [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2278989 of 09/21/2004, IPC F02M 27/04, publ. 06/27/2006]. The device improves the quality of fuel preparation for subsequent combustion.

This device has the same disadvantages as the previous one.

In addition to the above, there is a technical solution that provides a high degree of fuel processing for subsequent combustion [Description of the invention to UK patent No. 2295421 of 11.22.1994, IPC ⁶ F02M 27/04 (N.cl. F1B), publ. May 29, 1996]. In a fuel treatment device with an electrostatic field, the fuel line is equipped with two, in series, single devices.

The effect obtained from such a constructive solution is predictable - the degree of processing of the medium increases and at the same time it becomes possible to increase the speed of the processed stream, however, this does not preserve a directly proportional dependence of the quality indicators of fuel related to the number of devices used.

The closest to the set of essential features of the claimed device for preparing fuel for supply to the combustion chamber is a device for processing fuel of mainly gas turbine engines, which includes bipolar ring and central electrodes connected to a power source, and the electrodes are installed with a certain gap and are located coaxially and opposite relation to each other [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2147075, 05/19/1999, IPC ⁷ F02M 27/04, publ. 03/27/2000. Bull. No. 9].

As mentioned above in the corresponding method of preparing fuel for delivery to the combustion chamber, despite the high processing efficiency, which provides dispersion of the fuel in the combustion chamber at an almost molecular level, this device has performance limitations on fast flows, when the polarized hydrocarbon fractions do not have time to line up, quickly lose their potential.

The problem solved by the second invention of the group, and the technical result achieved also consist in further improving the performance of the device, as well as improving the quality of fuel processing and the stability of the composition of its stream, which will improve the combustion of the fuel mixture, namely, to reduce fuel consumption, further reduce exhaust toxicity and reduce their noise characteristics.

To solve the problem and achieve the appropriate technical result in a known device for preparing fuel for supply to the combustion chamber, containing bipolar ring and central electrodes connected to a power source, the electrodes being installed with a gap and are coaxial and opposed to each other, at least a part of the ring electrodes is made in the form of segments isolated from each other, each of which is equipped with a separate terminal for connection to the corresponding move the power supply, wherein the inner and outer surfaces of annular segmented electrodes are provided with fuel flow turbulence, are designed as obliquely arranged oblong protrusions directed in opposite directions relative to each other and elongated protrusions adjacent electrodes.

Besides:

- the inclination angles of the protrusions of the annular segments of larger and smaller diameters are made different from each other in magnitude;

- part of the ring electrodes, including the central electrode, located opposite the segmented electrodes, is made in the form of a monoblock;

- the central electrode is made integral, while the number of ring, including ring segmented electrodes is a multiple of two;

- the free end of the central electrode is streamlined.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where:

- figure 1 shows a General view of a device for preparing fuel for supply to the combustion chamber;

- figure 2 is a view B figure 1 is a view of the device with the cover removed;

- figure 3 shows a section aa of figure 1 - the design of a four-segment ring electrode - the housing is conditionally not shown;

- figure 4 shows a diagram of the processing of the cross section of the fuel flow by electrostatic and magnetic fields for the case of using a four-segment ring electrode of figure 1;

- figure 5 is a diagram of the processing of the cross section of the fuel flow by electrostatic and magnetic fields for the case of using a six-segment ring electrode;

- figure 6 is a processing diagram for the case of using an eight-segment ring electrode;

- Fig.7 shows a diagram of the electrical connections to the ring electrodes of Fig.6.

In general terms, the method of preparing fuel for supplying a power plant to the combustion chamber involves the destruction of hydrocarbon fractions of the fuel by reducing the forces of intermolecular interaction, which is achieved due to the special energy effect, for this the cross section of the fuel flow is divided into concentric layers, each of which, in its own in turn, they are divided into two additional concentric layers, within which turbulence is formed by twisting each of them in opposite directions x relative to each other and neighboring layers, while in order to increase the stability of the treated stream on the approach to the combustion chamber, the velocities of its constituent unidirectional flows are formed differing in magnitude. To increase the impact on a high-speed fuel flow, its separation into concentric layers is sequentially repeated as many times as necessary, as the fuel moves in the direction of the combustion chamber.

This method can be implemented, for example, on the following device, which includes bipolar ring 1 and 2 and a central 3 electrodes connected to a power source, and the electrodes 1, 2, 3 are installed with a gap and are coaxial and counter-relative to each other, while part of the ring electrodes 1 is made in the form of segments isolated from each other (segmented electrodes) 4 and 4 ', each of which is equipped with a separate terminal 5 for connecting to the corresponding output of the power source, while the inner 6 6 'and the outer 7 and 7' of the surface of the ring segmented electrodes 4 and 4 'are provided with fuel flow turbulators, made in the form of oblique oblong protrusions 8 directed in opposite directions relative to each other and oblong protrusions 8' of adjacent electrodes 4 ' opposite sides. In this form, a device for preparing fuel for supply to the combustion chamber provides the claimed technical result in a minimum amount. In order to make the effect of the use of the inventions more pronounced, additional structural improvements are required, namely, such that the angles of inclination of the protrusions 8 and 8 'of the ring segments larger than 4' and smaller than 4 diameters are made different from each other in size, part of the ring electrodes 2 including the central electrode 3, located opposite the segmented electrodes 4 and 4 ', are made in the form of a monoblock, the elements of which are electrically combined with each other with the formation of a single shaped electrode of complex shape. In addition, the central electrode 3 is made integral in the form of a rod, the free end 9 of which has a streamlined shape, eliminating harmful turbulence in the fuel flow, while the number of ring 2, including ring segmented 4 and 4 'electrodes is a multiple of two, i.e. may be equal to two (the simplest case), four, six, etc. adjusted for the fact that each subsequent doubling of the number of electrodes 1 and 2 significantly complicates the device settings, although it allows you to get a more pronounced technical effect.

The physical principles on which the operation of the device is based are the same as in the above prior art. The peculiarity is that for the first time in the practice of electromagnetic processing of fuel, the cross section of the fuel flow is divided into several concentric layers, within each of which specific turbulences are formed for a more pronounced separation. This processing method is less susceptible to accidental breakdown of the voltage between the electrodes 1 and 2, which is possible, for example, in cases of unstable fuel quality, the presence of various electrically conductive contaminants, etc. In all cases, there is a guaranteed separation of the hydrocarbon fractions of the fuel almost to the molecular state - very unstable - but subject to the above methods, there is a sufficiently long time required to travel from the preparation device to the combustion chamber without significant changes in the quality characteristics of the prepared fuel (sometimes the distance from the fuel preparation device to the combustion chamber can be several tens of meters). The unipolar charges present in the smallest fuel fractions form repulsive forces that contribute to better atomization of the fuel in the combustion chamber and its high-quality and uniform mixing with air. The process of burning fuel becomes more complete and faster. As the duration of the combustion process decreased, the noise load from the exhaust decreased. Previously, the effect of reducing the noise characteristics of exhausts was not recorded due to the fact that the lack of stability of the electromagnetic potential of the processed fuel allowed to obtain this effect only as a result when the fuel is fed into the combustion chamber immediately after treatment with energy fields. In other words, known devices for processing fuel should be located on the pipeline in the immediate vicinity of the combustion chamber. The device made according to the inventions can be located at a distance of up to 50 meters, only after that the qualitative characteristics of the fuel will return to its original characteristics, available before the start of processing.

All this became possible due to the fact that the ring electrodes already proven on the positive side were partially segmented (one monoblock of ring electrodes remained) and were equipped with turbulators 8 and 8 'of the fuel flow divided into layers. Segmentation made it possible to make a quantum leap in increasing the energy impact on the fuel flow. Technologically, segmented electrodes are quite simple to perform. For example, it is possible to make a monoblock of ring electrodes according to the type of a monoblock, consisting of electrodes 2 and 3, in which the "extra" elements are removed, and then divided into segments 4 and 4 '. The size of the cut will subsequently provide the necessary insulation gaps between the segment electrodes 4 and 4 '. There are also other, fairly common technological methods for the manufacture of parts of a similar design. As for the turbulizers 8 and 8 ', they can also be performed by various methods, for example, wires of the corresponding length are soldered to the outer 7 and 7' and the inner 6 and 6 'surfaces of the ring segmented electrodes 4 and 4' (the figures are conventionally for obviousness) with their subsequent calibration by diameter, etc.

In a device made according to the inventions for the formation of the necessary fields, supply voltages in the range 1-56 kV and higher are used. Existing devices operate, as a rule, at a level not exceeding 18 kV. Thus, there is the possibility of further fragmentation of hydrocarbon fractions and a further increase in the process of dispersion of the fuel in the combustion chamber, which allows it to be saved at a level exceeding 45% declared in the prior art. It should be borne in mind that a finer and more complex device settings correspond to a higher percentage of fuel economy. In practice, as a rule, they are limited to a fuel economy of approximately 20-30%, depending on the type of power plant and the fuel used.

The implementation of the method of preparing fuel for supply to the combustion chamber will be considered using the operation of the corresponding device as an example.

The device using flange connections (not shown conditionally) is connected to the fuel line. For this, the device comprises a sealed housing 10 with covers 11 and 12.

Terminal 13 of electrodes 2 and 3 is connected to the terminal, for example, “minus” of the power source, terminals 14 and 15 of electrodes 4 and 4 'are connected to the plus terminals. Turn on the fuel. After that, voltage is applied to the electrodes 2, 3, 4 and 4 '. The process of electromagnetic processing of fuel begins. Fragments of the hydrocarbon fractions of the fuel due to the reduction of the forces of intermolecular interaction are oriented in accordance with its charge and its value. As raw fuel is used, the processed fuel begins to enter the combustion chamber, the dispersion of which due to the natural repulsion of equally charged fragments, including fuel molecules, is carried out to the minimum possible level for this case.

Thus, as a result of the use of inventions, the productivity of the process of preparing the fuel for delivery to the combustion chamber was increased, and the quality of the fuel processing and the stability of its flow composition were improved, which allowed to improve the combustion of the fuel mixture, namely, to reduce fuel consumption, further reduce exhaust toxicity and reduce their noise characteristics.

Claims (8)

1. A method of preparing fuel for supply to the combustion chamber, including the destruction of hydrocarbon fractions of the fuel by reducing the forces of intermolecular interaction through energy exposure, characterized in that the cross section of the fuel flow is divided into concentric layers, each of which, in turn, is divided into two additional concentric layers, within which turbulence is formed due to the twisting of each of them in opposite directions relative to each other and neighboring layers . 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the speeds of unidirectional flows form different in size from each other. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the fuel moves in the direction of the combustion chamber, the process of its separation into concentric layers, at least duplicate. 4. A device for preparing fuel for supply to the combustion chamber, containing bipolar ring and central electrodes connected to a power source, the electrodes being installed with a gap and arranged coaxially and opposite to each other, characterized in that at least part The ring electrodes are made in the form of segments isolated from each other, each of which is equipped with a separate terminal for connecting to the corresponding output of the power source, while the inner and outer surfaces of the annular x segmented electrodes are equipped with fuel flow turbulators, made in the form of oblique oblong protrusions directed in opposite directions relative to each other and oblong protrusions of adjacent electrodes. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the angles of inclination of the protrusions of the annular segments of larger and smaller diameters are made different from each other in magnitude. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that part of the ring electrodes, including the central electrode, located opposite the segmented electrodes, is made in the form of a monoblock. 7. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the central electrode is made integral, while the number of ring, including ring segmented electrodes is a multiple of two. 8. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the free end of the central electrode has a streamlined shape.

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