RU2229608C2 - Rotor-piston machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering machines such as compressors, pumps, compressor pumps for handling gas-liquid mixtures. SUBSTANCE: rotor-piston machine has case, cover, bearings, cylinder block with radially disposed cylinders, two faceplates whose axes of revolution are offset relative to cylinder block axis of revolution, opposing equal-mass pistons equally spaced from center of revolution, each hinged in its gravity center with cylinder block and one of faceplates by means of pin. Two coupled faceplates are provided with one lug and one depression which are joined together to form enclosed spaces+ADs- pins with opposing pistons are hinged in half-coupling bores. Axes of revolution of faceplates are unidirectionally offset relative to axis of revolution of drive shaft. EFFECT: enhanced output per unit volume of machine+ADs- enhanced efficiency due to reduced mechanical loss. 3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to power machines and can be used as compressors, pumps and compressor pumps for pumping gas-liquid mixtures.

According to the kinematic structure, the machine belongs to the class of crank-rocker mechanisms, where the crank is the half-coupling with the fingers and pistons installed in it, and the slider is the pistons that transmit the movement to the faceplates, which act as the wings.

Known rotary volume displacement machine (SU Pat. No. 1800004, IPC F 04 29/00, F 01 13/06, publ. 03/07/93), comprising a housing, a fixed axis, rigidly mounted in the housing, at the free end which is rotatably mounted with a cylinder block with pistons, a drive shaft connected to the faceplate and mounted on bearings in the cover with an offset relative to the center of the housing, connecting rods connecting the faceplate with pistons, synchronizers made in the form of additional connecting rods, one end of which is pivotally connected to the faceplate and the second also arnirno - a cylinder block, the working medium supply and removal channels are formed in the body axis, connected with the cylinder space by means of openings formed in the intermediate sleeve.

The disadvantage of this machine is the low coefficient of volumetric use of the machine due to the opposed arrangement of the pistons.

Known rotary piston machine Alesha (RU Pat. No. 2125163, IPC ⁷ F 01 B 13/06, F 04 B 1/22 publ. 20.01.99), comprising a housing, a cover, bearings, a cylinder block with radially arranged cylinders, two faceplates whose rotation axes are offset relative to the axis of rotation of the cylinder block, opposed pistons of equal masses and equally spaced from the center of rotation, each of which is pivotally connected in the center of its mass with a finger to the cylinder block and one of the faceplates.

In this rotary piston machine, which is closest to the proposed one, due to the opposite arrangement of the pistons with equidistance from the center of rotation of the cylinder block, leading to an increase in the dimensions and mass of the machine at a given performance, a low value of the volumetric utilization rate of the machine is obtained, and due to the large number of bearings (four faceplate bearings and two cylinder block bearings) increase mechanical friction losses in bearing assemblies and in friction pairs along the end surfaces of the cylinder block Indres and faceplates, in addition, one-way compression limits the ability to increase machine performance.

The present invention solves the problem of increasing productivity per unit volume of the machine and increasing the efficiency of the machine by reducing mechanical losses.

To achieve the specified technical result in a rotary piston machine containing a housing, a cover, bearings, a cylinder block with radially arranged cylinders, two faceplates, the axis of rotation of which are offset from the axis of rotation of the cylinder block, opposed pistons of equal masses and equally spaced from the center of rotation, each of which are pivotally connected in the center of its mass with a finger to the cylinder block and one of the faceplates, the two faceplates forming a pair are provided with one protrusion and the other with a hollow that enter each other, forming a vice mentioned cavity with opposed pistons fingers are pivotally mounted in openings coupling part and the rotational axis of the chucks are displaced in one direction relative to the rotational axis of the drive shaft. In addition, valves are installed in the body of the protrusion, and each internal cavity of the protrusion is connected by a channel to a high pressure source.

The features that distinguish the proposed rotary piston machine from the above known, closest to it, characterize the supply of two faceplates, forming a pair, one with a protrusion, the other with a cavity, which enter each other, forming closed cavities, the presence of fingers with opposed pistons, pivotally mounted in the holes of the coupling half, the displacement of the axis of rotation of the plates in one direction relative to the axis of rotation of the drive shaft, and in the body of the protrusion, the installation of valves and the connection of each internal cavity of the protrusion to a source pressure.

The presence of these signs allows you to increase the productivity of the machine per unit volume several times due to a more rational scheme of movement of the working bodies of the protrusions and depressions of the faceplates around the circumference compared to the prototype, where the described working volume is determined by the translational movement of the piston (Fig. 6), as well as due to the organization of bilateral compression.

The motion scheme of the working bodies of the proposed machine allows, while maintaining the quality of the prototype, which consists in the symmetry of the radial and axial components of the gas forces and the moments acting on the bearings, to introduce another new quality - the symmetry of the tangential components of the gas forces acting on both faces in different directions on all throughout the processes of compression and injection.

The execution of the movement mechanism (crank) in the form of a half-coupling fixed to the drive shaft, fingers with opposed pistons pivotally mounted in the half-coupling holes when the pistons act as sliders transmitting torques allows:

to reduce mechanical friction losses as a result of reducing the number of bearings and faceplates, excluding the contact of the end surfaces of the faceplates on the cylinder block, as is done in the prototype, that is, to increase the efficiency of the machine;

- use the proposed machine as a compressor capable of compressing clean gas without oil due to the separation of the movement mechanism from the working bodies;

- increase the filling factor of the working cavities of the machine by making large inlet and outlet openings and placing them in different parts of the machine that are remote from each other, and the outlet opening made at the exit of the machine is sealed with a small diameter.

New properties of the proposed machine are achieved while maintaining the basic qualities of the prototype;

- dynamic balance of all parts of the machine;

- the balance of the radial and axial components of the gas and forces and moments;

- organization of non-contact movement of the pistons in the grooves of the faceplates of the proposed machine.

The proposed rotary piston machine can compete in terms of weight and size, efficiency, reliability, speed and simplicity of design with other types of rotary volume compression machines, for example, screw and scroll compressors,

The proposed rotary piston machine is illustrated in figures 1-6.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a rotary piston machine along the line aa in figure 2 according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a cross section along the line BB in figure 1 according to the invention.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section along the line bb in figure 2 according to the invention.

Figure 4 is a cross section along the line GG in figure 1 according to the invention.

Figure 5 is a cross section along the line DD in figure 1 according to the invention.

6 is a diagram of the movement of two coaxially located faceplates.

The rotary piston machine comprises a housing 1 (FIG. 1), a bearing 2 fixed therein, a cover 3, a cover 4, an outer faceplate consisting of a housing 5 mounted in a bearing 2, an arm 6, mounted on the shank of the housing 5, cover 7, bearings 8 and 9, two protrusions 10 and 11, between which a cavity is formed (figure 2) and which are fixed to the housing 5 and the cover 7 with screws 12, and 13 (figure 3), inlet valves 14 and 15 (figure 2) mounted in pairs on the lateral surfaces of each protrusion 10 and 11, pivotally on the pins 16 and 17; an internal faceplate consisting of a rotor 18 (FIGS. 1, 2), on the shank of which a bracket 19 is mounted (FIG. 1), two protrusions 20 and 21 (FIG. 2), mounted on the rotor 18 with the help of bushings 22 and 23 (FIG. 1, 2), the lining 24 (Fig. 1), mounted on the rotor 18 with screws 25 and 26 (Fig. 3), covers 27 and 28 (Fig. 1), mounted on the end of each protrusion 20 and 21 and fastened to the lining 24 screws 29 and 30, exhaust valves 31 and 32 (figure 2), installed in pairs in the internal cavities of each protrusion 20 and 21 pivotally on the pins 33 and 34, the opposed pistons 35 and 36 (figures 1, 4) installed respectively in the groove 37 and 38 brackets 6 and 19 to move each piston in a groove in the radial direction; fingers 39 and 40 (figures 1, 5), each of which is installed respectively in the pistons 35 and 36 in the center of their masses; coupling half 41 (figure 1), in the holes of which pins 39 and 40 are pivotally mounted, the drive shaft 42.

The drive shaft 42, the coupling half 41, the fingers 39 and 40 (FIGS. 1, 6), the pistons 35 and 36 rotate around the axis O ₁ . The axis of rotation O _{2 of the} outer and inner faceplates mounted coaxially is offset relative to the axis of rotation O ₁ by the amount of eccentricity "e" (Figs. 1, 4, 6).

The outer and inner faceplates form a pair and enter into each other, forming closed cavities.

On the cover 3 (figure 1) installed seal 43.

For gas inlet on the housing 1 on the lateral surfaces of the protrusions 10 and 11 of the outer faceplate, holes 44, holes 45, 46, 47 and 48 are made (FIG. 2, arrow E indicates the direction of intake of sucked gas).

To exit the gas from the working cavities on the lateral surfaces of the protrusions 20 and 21, holes 49, 50, 51 and 52 are made, as well as gas exhaust channels 53, 54 in the bushings 22 and 23 (FIG. 2) and channel 55 in the rotor 18 (FIG. .1, 2, arrow Ж indicates the direction of supply of the injected gas).

Thus, each inner cavity of the protrusion 20 and 21 is connected by a channel to a high pressure source.

To supply oil for the lubrication of bearings 2, 8 and 9 to the pistons 35 and 36, holes 56, 57, 58, 59 and 60 are made (Fig. 1, the arrow And indicates the direction of oil supply).

Other embodiments of suction and discharge windows are possible. For example, the discharge window can be made in the form of outlet openings located on the end surface of the rotating housing 5 or on the end surface of the cover 7 (not shown).

To ensure the supply of oil under pressure into the pockets 67, 68, 69 and 70, made on the lateral surfaces of the pistons 35 and 36 (Figs. 1, 4), grooves 61 and 62 are made in the brackets 6 and 19, into which the shanks of the fingers 39 and 40, forming a double-acting oil pump assembly, the cavities of which are connected by channels 63 and 64 to the oil supply channel 58 and channels 65 and 66 to the oil supply channel 60.

Each pocket 67, 68, 69 and 70 of the pistons 35 and 36 is connected to one of the cavities of the oil pumps by channels made in the body of the fingers 39 and 40 (Figs. 4, 5). For example, the pocket 69 of the piston 36 is connected to the cavity "a" of the oil pump made in the body of the bracket 19, channels 71.72 (Fig. 5) and the channel 73 (Fig. 4), and the pocket 70 is connected to the cavity "b" of the oil pump by the channels 74 75 (Fig. 5) and channel 76 (Fig. 4). Pockets 67 and 68 of the piston 35 have similar connections, each with one cavity of the oil pump, made in the body of the bracket 6.

A rotary piston machine operates as follows.

The drive shaft 42, the coupling half 41 together with the fingers 39.40 and the pistons 35.36 (Fig. 1) rotate with a constant angular velocity ω ₁ around the axis O ₁ (Fig.6) and transmit the torque to the outer faceplate (details: 5, 6 , 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) and the inner faceplate (details: 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 , 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34) (Figs. 1, 2). Torque is transmitted through the fingers 39 and 40 and the side surfaces of the opposing pistons 35 and 36 (Figs. 1, 4, 6), each of which makes a relative radial movement in the grooves 37 and 38 during rotation by the amount of doubled eccentricity "2e" per revolution .

The coupling half 41, with pins 39 and 40 pivotally mounted in its holes with pistons 35.36, acts as a crank (Fig. 6). Pistons 35 and 36 act as sliders. The rocker part of the mechanism are two faceplates: external and internal, coaxially located and rotating around the O ₂ axis.

The outer and inner plates rotate during one revolution with variable angular velocities ω ₂ and ω ₃ (Fig. 6) due to the fact that the point of application of the circumferential force acting from the pistons to the brackets moves one revolution along the radius relative to the axis of rotation of the plates , that is, the distance O ₂ -O ₃ changes. The angular velocities and accelerations of each faceplate relative to each other have opposite signs in any of their circumferential positions. When one of the faceplates accelerates, the other slows down. As a result of this movement, the protrusions of the faceplates are brought together by the side surfaces in one revolution and diverge to the maximum distance, which depends on the selected values of the eccentricity "e" and radius "R". In this case, the volumes of the closed cavities change.

For example, with the accelerated movement of the inner faceplate "PV" and the slowed down movement of the outer faceplate "PN" (Figs. 2, 6), cavities 77 increase their volume where the gas absorption process takes place, and cavities 78 decrease their volume where compression and injection processes take place gas. When you turn the coupling half 41 (figure 1) around the axis O ₁ (figure 6) at an angle φ = 90 °, the inner faceplate "PV" will rotate around the axis O ₂ at an angle α _pb > 90 °, and the outer faceplate "PN" - on angle α _mon <90 °. Thus, in one revolution in each cavity a complete cycle occurs: absorption, compression and injection of gas.

During the rotation of the assembled mechanism, the pistons oscillate, rotating around the axis O ₃ , combined with the center of mass of the piston.

Gas is sucked in through the inlet valves 14 and 15 (Fig. 2) located on the side surfaces of each protrusion 10 and 11 of the outer faceplate, gas is injected through the exhaust valves 31 and 32 located in the inner cavity of each protrusion 20 and 21 of the inner faceplate.

The invention is illustrated by the design of a rotary piston compressor with oil injection into the working cavities 77 and 78 (oil supply channels for injection are not shown in FIGS. 1-6), which has two protrusions 10 and 11 on the outer faceplate and two protrusions 20 and 21 on the inner faceplate .

Compared to a reciprocating compressor, this design corresponds to a double-acting double-cylinder compressor.

Possible design of a rotary piston compressor with the number of protrusions more and less than two on each faceplate.

In the case of the proposed machine as a dry compression compressor, without the presence of oil in the compressible gas in the machine structure, it is possible to introduce a seal assembly, which can be located above the bearing 9 (Fig. 1), the seal assembly is not shown in the sketch.

The assembled outer faceplate rotates in a bearing 2 mounted in the housing 1. The assembled outer faceplate rotates in bearings 8 and 9 mounted in the outer faceplate housing 5. Moreover, the rotation of the inner faceplate relative to the outer one is in the nature of a rocking motion.

The presented design of the rotary piston machine according to the invention is characterized by the symmetry of the constituent gas forces acting not only in the radial and axial directions, as in the prototype, but also in the circumferential.

The pistons 35 and 36, transmitting torque from the drive shaft 42 to the faceplates, are subjected to alternating inertial forces during one revolution that occur when the facets are rotated unevenly, which are perceived alternately by the side surfaces of the pistons. As a result of this movement, each piston 35 and 36 during one revolution comes into contact with the side surface of the groove, respectively, alternately with its front or rear along the face.

To reduce friction and ensure wear-free operation of the piston-groove friction pair, pockets 67, 68, on the piston 35 and 69, 70 on the piston 36 are provided on the piston 36 (Fig. 4).

Oil is pressurized alternately in one of the pockets of each piston.

The oil supply of each piston 35 and 36 comes from its own (hotel) oil pump.

For example, the oil supply into the pockets of the piston 35 comes from the oil pump formed by a pair of motion: the shank of the finger 39 and the groove 61 (Fig. 1), and the oil supply into the pockets of the piston 36 comes from the oil pump formed by the pair of motion: the shank of the finger 40 and the groove 62. During a half-turn, the oil from the decreasing cavity of the oil pump under pressure through the channels 71, 72, 74, 75 (Fig. 5) and through the channels 73, 76 (Fig. 4), made in the body of each finger 39 and 40, is fed into each pocket the piston 35 and 36, which at this moment is pressed against one of the side surfaces of the groove 37, 38 nertsionnymi forces. The second pocket, located on the opposite side of each piston 35, 36 and connected by channels 68 with an increasing cavity of the oil pump, will at the same time be under reduced pressure. The alternating change in the oil pressure in the pockets of each piston 35 and 36 will occur every 180 ° during rotation, that is, on each piston the effect of a hydrostatic bearing is created, with the lifting force changing in the direction, with a frequency equal to the frequency of the alternating load on the piston.

The proposed design of the lubrication of the pistons, as the most loaded elements of the rotary piston machine, eliminates contact friction in the pair of movement of the piston - groove.

Thus, the proposed rotary piston machine allows you to increase the productivity of the machine per unit volume several times while maintaining the symmetry of the action of gas forces and moments in the radial and axial directions, reduce mechanical friction losses, increase the efficiency of the machine, use the proposed machine as A compressor capable of compressing clean, oil-free gas.

Claims (3)

1. A rotary piston machine comprising a housing, a cover, bearings, a cylinder block with radially arranged cylinders, two faceplates, the axis of rotation of which are offset from the axis of rotation of the cylinder block, opposed pistons of equal masses and equally spaced from the center of rotation, each of which is pivotally connected the center of its mass with a finger with a cylinder block and one of the faceplates, characterized in that the two faceplates forming a pair are equipped with one protrusion, the other with a hollow that enter each other, forming closed cavities, fingers with opposed tnym pistons are pivotally mounted in openings coupling part and the rotational axis of the chucks are displaced in one direction relative to the rotational axis of the drive shaft. 2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the valves are installed in the body of the protrusion. 3. The machine according to claim 2, characterized in that each internal cavity of the protrusion is connected by a channel to a high pressure source.

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