RU2229570C2 - Method of reinforced wall structure production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: building industry, particularly wall construction of structural clay tiles, natural stones, bricks, solid and cavity stones and porous concrete blocks, also for production of multi-layered wall including brick masonry and plate warmth-keeping layer with concrete, for instance, cellular concrete, filling, also of panels and big blocks. SUBSTANCE: method involves placing notched drawn netting such that major diagonal of rhombic netting cell is directed transversely to wall structure along the whole width thereof. EFFECT: increased bearing capacity, enhanced mechanical characteristics, particularly increased compression strength and flexural strength during tensioning thereof, improved connection of multi-layered structures along with reduced steel consumption, increased integrity of reinforced wall structure. 2 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to construction and can be used in the construction of walls of buildings and structures made of ceramic and natural stones and bricks, from solid and hollow stones and concrete blocks on porous aggregates, multilayer walls, for example, from masonry with slab insulation, filling concrete , including cellular, from panels and large blocks.

Known reinforced stone wall structures with transverse reinforcement, containing rows of stone materials connected by cement-sand or other mortars, forming seams between the stone materials; horizontal joints from solutions are equipped with a reinforcing metal mesh forming the transverse reinforcement of structures (see the Manual on the Design of Stone and Stone-Stone Structures (to SNiP 11-22-81), approved by order of the Central Research and Design Institute named after Kucherenko Gosstroy of the USSR of August 15, 1985, No. 243 / l, Moscow, Central Institute of Typical Design, 1989, pp. 26, 27 [1], Designer's Guide to Industrial, Residential, and Public Buildings and Structures, Stone and Armored Structures, edited by S. A. Sementsov, V. A. Kameyko Publishing House ry on construction, Moscow, 1968, [2], pp. 61-64). The indicated stone-stone structures use welded mesh made of reinforcing steel with rectangular or square cells, and provide the design bearing capacity of the walls. However, in these structures, their bearing capacity does not correspond to the strength capabilities of steel due to the incomplete use of wire mesh; the masonry has a low compressive strength caused by the presence of contact welded joints of individual bars of the mesh with each other, the uneven distribution of vertical loads on the reinforcing mesh, therefore, on different sections of the wall, the excessive thickness of the masonry joints due to the use of the described mesh of reinforcing bars with a total thickness, equal to the double diameter (for example, 3 mm) of the rod used, as well as an additionally increased thickness of the joints due to the need for frequent overlapping of pieces of reinforcing set and a small length. At the same time, walls with mesh reinforcement are of limited use due to the impossibility of using steel nets in the walls of rooms with wet and wet operating conditions due to rapid corrosion damage to the mesh, especially at welded points.

Known multilayer wall armor-stone structures, consisting of two or more vertical layers made of different materials (structural, heat-insulating, sound-proof), which include walls made of bricks, stones or blocks connected with mortars, various kinds of lightweight walls (see [ 2], p. 55), as well as walls filled with concrete (see [1], p. 18) in combination with heat-insulating layers of heat-insulating plates, cellular concrete, etc. Layers of such walls for their joint work with each other interconnected a discrete flexible links representing a metal or fiberglass rods, bars and so forth. Such structures due to these ligaments, despite their multilayered work as a single system. The disadvantage of such structures is their insufficient degree of connection (docking) and low strength due to the lack of a single bond plane that would perceive and evenly distribute vertical loads over the entire surface of the wall, i.e. insufficiently high mechanical characteristics of the wall structure, its low bearing capacity. Flexible discrete connections do not provide good load distribution between structural layers.

Monolithic concrete wall constructions are known using various types of formwork with arranging formwork along the edges and on the plane of reinforcing outlets (see S. Ataev, Industrial Construction Technology from Monolithic Concrete, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1989, pp. 202-210 [3] ) The disadvantages of these wall structures are the relatively low bearing capacity of the walls, their low mechanical characteristics, for example, low bending strength with tensile forces.

Among the described analogues, the wall reinforced structure was taken as the closest [2], pp. 61-64.

The objective of the invention is to increase the bearing capacity, improve the mechanical characteristics of reinforced wall structures, in particular, increase the compressive strength, tensile bending strength, increase the degree of bonding of layered structures while reducing steel consumption.

This problem is solved by a reinforced wall structure containing a series of structural elements, for example, of stone materials (ceramic, silicate, concrete, natural stones, concrete blocks), of monolithic concrete, single-layer or multi-layer, with heat-insulating or sound-insulating layers connected with mortars with any kind of binders (cement-sand, lime-cement, mixed solutions) that form the seams between the structural elements, the horizontal seams of the construction are equipped with enes transverse reinforcing metal mesh, in which as a transverse (horizontal) reinforcing mesh used Drawn Expanded metal mesh of thin sheet steel.

In multilayer structures, the reinforcing mesh serves as an additional element of the bond of all layers, forming a single plane of the bond along the entire perimeter of the wall, evenly distributing the load between the various layers, increasing the degree of connection of the various layers of the wall.

The mesh is made of thin sheet, preferably galvanized, steel cut from a solid steel sheet, with notches oriented across the sheet and made in staggered rows in the following rows, followed by stretching the sheet along. Stretching the sheet along its length leads to the fact that the notches acquire an elongated rhombus shape with a long diagonal across the sheet (perpendicular to its length), forming a mesh structure of the mesh, while the plane of the side (edge) of the mesh cell is shifted relative to the general plane of the sheet, rotated relative to it by angle 0 ° <a <90 °, forming a three-dimensional structure. The magnitude of the twist is determined by the degree of elongation of the mesh: the larger the latter, the greater the angle of twist, and it is different along the side of the rhombus, maximum in the center of the side of the rhombus. The distance between the notches, and therefore the thickness of the rhombus rib, depends on the feed speed of the sheet in the machine. The expanded expanded mesh is all-metal, which allows for a more uniform distribution of the vertical load on the entire surface of the mesh, and therefore on the entire transverse surface of the wall. Due to the small size of the mesh cell (the sides of the rhombus can be approximately 20 mm in length) and its volume, due to the cell side turning relative to the sheet plane, the mesh involves a larger volume of masonry mortar in joint work, fully uses its strength capabilities, and the effect of “constraint ”Cement matrix with a thin metal mesh. The absence of welded joints of the mesh elements as weak points of its design allows us to further increase the strength of the mesh and eliminate the defective centers of wall destruction, increasing the strength of the latter. Existing equipment for the production of expanded wire mesh allows them to be made of thin galvanized sheet steel with a thickness of 0.55-2.0 mm of unlimited length. The length of the mesh increases during its manufacture compared to the length of the workpiece for it on average 9 times, which reduces the metal consumption compared to the welded mesh of reinforcing bars by 1.5 times. The use of galvanized steel mesh prevents its corrosion and additionally increases the service life, expands the scope of wall structures, in particular, allows them to be used in the walls of rooms with wet and wet operating conditions without additional protection.

Known are stone-stone constructions with vertical reinforcement, in which reinforcing elements are located inside in the vertical joints of the masonry or outside it under a layer of cement mortar or in a masonry gate with filling the strobes with mortar (see [1], p. 28, [2], p. 64 ) Such structures have increased masonry resistance to tensile forces, provide solidity and stability of individual parts and the entire structure as a whole. Reinforcing elements are made in the form of a mesh structure, which can be supplemented by transverse clamps. Reinforcing elements themselves are quite heavy, with a small adhesion surface with a layer of masonry held by them, so the monolithicity and stability of this design are not high enough.

Also known are the designs of multilayer walls, the interface between structures made of various materials, as well as protruding concrete, reinforced concrete, brick, wooden parts, with a plaster layer applied to them, which also use reinforcing vertical elements in the form of a mesh that hold separate layers of the wall, for example, plastering, heat-insulating, non-structural and requiring retention and reinforcement (see BCAkhanov, Builder's Handbook, Phoenix, Rostov-on-Don, 2000 [4], p. 214).

The essence of vertical reinforcement in masonry, in multilayer walls, in monolithic concrete walls is the same. Its purpose is to keep the layer on the wall, increase the fracture toughness of the structure and durability. The closest analogue of the wall reinforced structure with vertical reinforcement is the structure on page 64 [2].

The objective of this invention is to increase the monolithicity of the reinforced wall structure, its bearing capacity.

The problem is solved in the well-known reinforced wall structure, which can be a masonry, for example, of stone materials (ceramic, silicate, concrete, natural stones, concrete blocks), a structure of monolithic concrete, single-layer or multi-layer, with heat-insulating or sound-insulating layers , with voids filled with an insulating layer: insulating plates, cellular concrete (foam, aerated concrete), etc., in which elements of vertical reinforcement are used, vertical arm tion formed as a grooved expanded wire mesh as described in the previous embodiment.

The use of a stretched expanded mesh as an element of vertical reinforcement, which is all-metal, having a cellular structure in the form of a rhombus with a rhombus side with a jumper between the grid nodes formed by the space between the notches, bent in space, as described above, allows to increase the contact area of the reinforcing element with the held and reinforced layer, and also distribute the tensile forces acting on the wall at different angles, i.e. distribute them more evenly on the vertical surface of the layer, reduce strain.

There are also known methods of manufacturing wall armored stone structures from stone materials (bricks, stones, concrete blocks, etc.) using cement-sand or other mortars, including laying a number of stone materials, laying a solution on a series of stone materials with the formation of a seam between the rows, laying in horizontal masonry joints of reinforcing steel mesh [1], p. 26, 27, [2], p. 61-64. For transverse reinforcement, square or rectangular grids are used, obtained by welding the round bars of the first and second rows stacked on top of each other perpendicular to each other at their joints. Such transverse wall reinforcement using a mesh of reinforcing steel wire increases the strength of the walls, provides their design bearing capacity. Nevertheless, these structures have a disproportionately low bearing capacity relative to the degree of reinforcement of the mortar layers, low mechanical characteristics, for example, lower possible compressive strength caused by the presence of contact welded points of individual bars of the mesh with each other, uneven distribution of vertical loads on the reinforcing mesh, therefore and to different sections of the wall.

Known methods for the manufacture of multilayer wall armored stone structures, including the construction of a wall of two or more vertical layers made of different materials (structural, heat-insulating, sound-proof), which include walls made of bricks, stones or blocks connected with mortars, various kinds of lightweight walls (see [2], p. 55), as well as walls with monolithic concrete filling (see [1], p. 18) in combination with the middle intermediate layers of heat-insulating plates, cellular concrete, etc. with installation across the layers of flexible walls of discrete bonds, crosslinking all layers into a single wall structure, e.g., structural construction outer and inner layers of the wall, filling the middle layer between the thermally insulating material.

Known methods for the construction of monolithic concrete wall structures, including the construction of various types of formwork (removable or non-removable), filling it with concrete or reinforced concrete, with installation along the edges of the formwork and on the plane of reinforcing outlets (see S. S. Ataev, Industrial construction technology from monolithic concrete Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1989, pp. 202-210 [3]).

The disadvantages of these methods for the manufacture of reinforced wall structures are insufficient wall strength, insufficient degree of bonding of layers of a multilayer structure, i.e. low bearing capacity of the walls.

As the closest analogue to the method of manufacturing walls, the method is selected in accordance with [2], pp. 61-64.

The objective of the invention is to increase the bearing capacity, improve the mechanical characteristics of wall reinforced structures, in particular, increase the compressive strength, tensile bending strength, increase the degree of bond structures with a decrease in steel consumption.

This problem is solved in a method of manufacturing a reinforced wall structure, including the construction of walls by any of the following methods: 1) the manufacture of a structure of stone materials (bricks, stones, concrete blocks, etc.) using cement-sand or other mortars, including laying a number of stone materials , laying mortar on a row of stone materials with the formation of a seam between the rows, laying in horizontal seams of masonry reinforcing steel mesh, 2) the manufacture of multilayer wall reinforced stone structures tions, including the construction of a wall of two or more vertical layers made of different materials (structural, heat-insulating, sound-proof), which include walls made of bricks, stones or blocks connected by mortars, various types of lightened walls in combination with an intermediate (middle ) a layer of heat-insulating plates, blocks of cellular concrete, etc. with installation across flexible layers of the wall to their entire thickness of flexible discrete bonds, stitching all layers into a single wall structure, for example, the construction of the outer and the inner layers of the wall, filling the middle layer between them with insulating material, 3) monolithic concrete wall structures, including the construction of various types of formwork, removable or non-removable, filling it with concrete or reinforced concrete, with installation along the edges of the formwork and on the plane of the reinforcing outlets, in which A transverse reinforced mesh is used as a transverse reinforcing element, while the mesh is laid with the orientation of the larger diagonal of the rhombic mesh cell (length of the notch) across the wall throughout its thickness in the direction of tensile forces in the wall, i.e. the grid is laid with the long side along the cross section of the wall.

The frequency of reinforcement is determined when calculating the loads acting on the wall, depending on its design, according to any of the existing methods [1, 2].

Laying the transverse wall of the horizontal reinforcing layer in the form of a non-welded all-metal construction of the expanded mesh allows for uniform distribution of the vertical load on the entire surface of the mesh and on the entire surface of the wall. The method of laying the mesh with a larger diagonal of the rhombic cell across the wall allows you to compensate for the reduced resistance of the masonry to its separation on the smaller side of the wall section.

Figure 1 shows a fragment of the wall structure (brickwork), the arrow shows the laying direction of the expanded expanded mesh in the masonry along the wall with the long side of the mesh roll;

figure 2 is a fragment of a wall structure reinforced transversely by a welded mesh with square cells;

figure 3 is a fragment of a wall structure reinforced transversely by a welded mesh rectangular cells;

figure 4 is a fragment of a wall structure reinforced transversely by a welded mesh with rhombic cells;

figure 5 - the preparation of a thin sheet with notches for the manufacture of the mesh; arrows indicate the direction of stretching the mesh;

Fig.6 is a variant of the transverse reinforcement of a three-layer structure with masonry (or a monolithic concrete layer) and an insulating layer;

Fig.7 is a variant of the transverse reinforcement of a three-layer structure with a structural (bearing) insulation and plaster layer;

on Fig - vertical reinforcement with a mesh installed between the layers of insulation and plaster;

in Fig.9, 10 - photographs of rolls of expanded expanded mesh - illustrate the design of expanded expanded mesh.

The wall structure contains a stretched grooved mesh 1, laid between rows of stone materials (monolithic concrete) 2 in the connecting seams, for multilayer structures, in addition to structural layers 2, an insulation or other insulation layer 3 with the installation of a grooved mesh through all layers of the structure.

The design can be equipped with a plaster layer 4, reinforced with a vertically installed mesh 1, sewn with a transverse (horizontal) mesh using reinforcing wire 5. The design of a stretched mesh is shown in the photographs, Fig.3. The described mesh can be produced on a mesh machine SP-125 from Plastbau (Liechtenstein).

The described constructions work as follows. At the end of construction, vertical loads act on a static reinforced stone structure, including a multilayer, as well as monolithic reinforced concrete. The reinforcing mesh prevents the transverse expansion of the wall under the influence of vertical forces on it, thereby creating compressive stresses of the masonry in the transverse direction of the wall. As a result, under the influence of vertical forces during transverse reinforcement, the masonry works under conditions of comprehensive compression, which significantly increases its strength. The use of a drawn expanded mesh having the sides of a rhombic cell of a curved, twisted shape provides the best contact of the mesh with the materials used (binders, carriers); due to its all-metal cellular volumetric structure, the grid distributes the acting loads on the entire surface of the cross section of the reinforced wall structure, reduces them, changes the angle of application of forces to the structure from vertical to a smaller one, reducing the total force component. A smaller amount of the required metal of the mesh going per unit of running meter of the wall reduces the load on it due to its own reduced weight. In addition, the use of such a mesh in a multilayer structure ensures the formation of a single homogeneous planar ligament system, increasing its degree and better distributing the loads on all components of the wall. The use of a stretched mesh with vertical reinforcement due to better adhesion of the mesh elements to the binder solutions, a larger adhesion surface area allows for a better clamping of the layers to each other, increasing the solidity of the wall and its stability. Laying of the expanded grid with the orientation of the direction of its extension along the wall prevents the tensile forces of the wall across it, compensating for their deformation forces. Reinforcing wall structures using expanded mesh expanded significantly increases their bearing capacity and monolithicity compared to prototypes, ensures the joint operation of individual parts of buildings, is a way to increase the seismic resistance of wall structures and the building as a whole.

Experiments were conducted on the operation of centrally compressed twin samples (2 pieces each) made of silicate brick in a cement-sand mortar. Unreinforced structures are taken as the base ones. In addition to them, to determine the effect of grids on the bearing capacity of the wall, they were calculated according to the current SNiP (see SNiP 11-22-81. Stone and reinforced-stone structures. Design standards. M., 1983, p. 39 [5]) reinforced meshes wire VR-1 0 3 mm with a reinforcement coefficient of i = 0, l77% and with reinforced perforated drawn meshes with a percentage of reinforcement of n = 0.077%. The research results are given in the table, which shows the experimental data on the masonry resistance to compression Re, the consumption of reinforcement and the coefficient of efficiency of its use Ka. The research results show that expanded wire mesh, even with a 2 times lower percentage of reinforcement, is more effective than wire mesh to strengthen structures, and the utilization coefficient of Ka mesh for hardening is more than 2 times higher, which is associated with the “constraint” effect.

Sources of information

1. A guide to the design of stone and reinforced stone structures (to SNiP 11-22-81), approved by order of TsNIISK them. Kucherenko Gosstroy of the USSR of August 1, 1985 No. 243 / l, Moscow, Central Institute of Typical Design, 1989.

2. Reference designer of industrial, residential and public buildings and structures. Stone and armored constructions. Under the general editorship of S.A.Sementsov, V.A. Kameyko. Publishing house of building literature, Moscow, 1968 - prototype.

3. S.S. Ataev. Technology of industrial construction from cast concrete, Moscow, Stroyizdat, 1989, pp. 202-210.

4. B.C. Ahanov. Handbook of the builder, Rostov-on-Don, Phoenix, 2000, LSnIP II-22-81. Stone and armored constructions. Design Standards. M., 1983, p. 39.

Claims (2)

1. A method of manufacturing a wall reinforced structure, including the erection of walls by laying structural materials with the formation of a seam between the rows, laying in the horizontal seams of the structure of the transverse reinforcing mesh, characterized in that a transverse reinforcing mesh using a grooved stretched mesh, while the mesh is laid with orientation the larger diagonal of the rhombic mesh cell across the wall structure throughout its thickness. 2. A method of manufacturing a reinforced wall structure according to claim 1, characterized in that a stretched expanded mesh of galvanized steel is used.

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