RU2229346C1 - Air cleaning unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: dry dust collection; devices for removal of fine and coarse loose materials; food-processing industry; metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: proposed air cleaning unit is made in form of three conical members located one above another with bases upward; upper member is just exhaust branch pipe at expansion angle of 20 deg.; center main body and lower additional body have similar expansion angles which do not exceed 18 deg.; said members are rigidly interconnected at maintained relationship of mounting sizes between lower bases of l₂≥l₁, where l₁ is set distance between lower bases of exhaust branch pipe and main body, mm; l₂ is set distance between lower bases of main body and additional body, mm. Outlet holes of conical members are in the following relationship: D₀≤D₁≤D₂, where D₀ is inner diameter of inlet hole of exhaust branch pipe, mm; D₁ is inner diameter of inlet hole of outlet branch pipe , mm; D₂ is inner diameter of outlet hole of additional body, mm. Besides that, inlet tangential branch pipe of main body is located in horizontal plane at angle of 12-14 deg. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of cleaning air flows. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely to dry dust collecting devices that can be used to trap small and coarse bulk materials both in the food industry and in the production of building materials, in metallurgy and in other industries requiring air or gas treatment.

Known cyclone for air purification (see RU Pat. No. 2175577, class. 04 C 5/12, 10.11.2001), containing a cylindrical-cylindrical body with a tangential inlet pipe, an outlet pipe and an exhaust pipe made in the form a diffuser forming an annular channel with the conical part of the body, the width of which is in the ratio of 1.0-1.2 to the width of the inlet pipe, while the inlet pipe is installed on the upper cylindrical part of the cyclone body at an angle of 58-62 ° to the axis of the body.

A disadvantage of the known cyclone is that its design does not allow it to be used for air purification having a high dispersion of particles, this is because

- firstly, the said annular channel is formed not between the conical part and the diffuser, but between the upper cylindrical part of the housing and the diffuser;

- secondly, the opening angle of the diffuser is very small;

- thirdly, the tangential placement at an angle of 58-62 ° of the inlet pipe is a large angle, which is undesirable when cleaning.

Thus, this leads to a decrease in the path of the particle and its transit time in the cyclone, thereby reducing the cleaning effect.

For the prototype, a SIOT-M cyclone was selected (see the book Stark SB Dust collection and purification of gases in metallurgy. - M .: Metallurgy, 1977, pp. 20-22), containing an elongated conical body, a cylindrical exhaust pipe and a triangular outlet pipe forms.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the exhaust pipe is cylindrical, so the dust stream is as close as possible to its outlet, contributing to the ablation of the untreated air stream into the atmosphere, while the lower tapered conical surface of the housing contributes to the secondary removal of dust, which reduces the efficiency of dust collection.

In addition, the cylindrical surface of the exhaust pipe contributes to the effect of dust rebound, which destroys the surface of the body, reducing its service life.

The objective of the invention was to develop the design of a device having a high cleaning efficiency of the air flow.

The problem is achieved in that in the known device for air purification, containing a conical body with a tangential inlet pipe, an outlet pipe and an exhaust pipe, it is made in the form of three conical elements placed one in the other, with the base upward along one vertical axis, with the top the element is an exhaust pipe with an opening angle of 20 °, the middle main body and the lower additional body have the same opening angles of no more than 18 °, and the elements are rigidly connected to each other, In this case, the condition that the installation dimensions between the lower bases of the elements are dependent

l ₂ ≥ l ₁ ,

where l ₁ is the installation distance between the lower bases of the exhaust pipe and the main body, mm;

l ₂ - installation distance between the lower bases of the main body and the additional, mm

In this case, the outlet openings of the conical elements are in the following dependence:

D ₀ ≤ D ₁ ≤ D ₂ ,

where D ₀ is the inner diameter of the inlet of the exhaust pipe, mm;

D ₁ - the inner diameter of the inlet of the main body, mm;

D ₂ - the inner diameter of the outlet of the additional housing, mm

In addition, the inlet tangential branch pipe of the main body is placed to the horizontal plane at an angle within 12-14 °.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 shows a General view of a device for air purification; figure 2 - a view of figure 1; figure 3 - diagram of the movement of air flow.

The device consists (see Fig. 1) of three conical elements rigidly interconnected, two of which are made in the form of a main body 1 and an additional body 2 having the same opening angle α ₁ equal to not more than 18 °. On the same vertical axis with the casings 1, 2, a third element is fixed, which is an exhaust pipe 3, also consisting of a conical part with an opening angle α ₂ = 20 °, which is mounted with a cylindrical tube of the cochlea casing 4 (see Fig. 2). The lower, narrowed part of the exhaust pipe is placed inside the main body 1 by a value of l ₁ from its base. The main body 1 is installed inside the additional housing 2 in such a way that the distance between the lower bases of the buildings 1 and the housing 2 is a value of l ₂ . To perform the cleaning technology, the condition must be met

l ₂ ≥ l ₁ ,

where l ₁ is the installation distance between the lower bases of the exhaust pipe and the main body;

l ₂ - installation distance between the lower bases of the main body and the additional.

Moreover, since the cone elements are placed base up, their lower diameters to eliminate the effect of dust rebound against the housing are made respectively of different diameters, fulfilling the condition

D ₀ ≤ D ₁ ≤ D ₂ ,

where D ₀ is the inner diameter of the inlet of the exhaust pipe;

D ₁ - the inner diameter of the outlet of the main body;

D ₂ - the inner diameter of the outlet of the additional housing.

The main body 1 is equipped with a tangential inlet pipe 5, the installation angle of which is selected within 12-14 ° to the horizontal plane. In this case, the main 1 and additional 2 cases have lids 6, 7, respectively, and the lid 6 is made with an inclination at an angle of 12 ° to the horizontal plane. The lower part of the housing 2 passes into the outlet pipe 8, at the end of which a double check valve 9 of rubberized fabric is fixed, through the latter, dust is dumped into the hopper 10.

The device operates as follows.

Dusty air (gas) is supplied by vacuum, which is created by a fan (not shown in the drawing) through the inlet pipe 5 to the main body 1 (see Fig. 1). The tangentiality of the inlet pipe and the given taper of the exhaust pipe 3 makes it possible to swirl the air flow and move in a spiral of Archimedes inside the housing 1 (see figure 3). The aggregated dust particles are carried to the conical surface of the housing 1, along which they fall to the outlet with a diameter of D ₁ . At this point a rarefaction zone is formed, which creates a swirling dust band when a vortex dust stream exits the housing 1 in the housing 2. The latter, while continuing to move in the additional conical housing 2, performs secondary cleaning of the dust stream, discarding dust particles on the conical surface of the housing 1, followed by its sliding to the outlet with a diameter of D ₂ .

Therefore, under the influence of centrifugal forces in the main body 1 is coagulation of the dust stream. The difference in the opening angles of the exhaust pipe 3 and the housing 1 allows you to direct the dust stream in such a way that they create a funnel from it (see Fig. 3), without interfering with the removal of purified air through the exhaust pipe 3 into the cochlea (see Fig. 2) and further in atmosphere. In the additional housing 2, direct dust separation is performed, since, due to the increase in the length of the central vortex flow, there is no repeated dust uptake. In addition, depending on the dispersion of dust, it is possible to adjust the installation distances l ₁ and l ₂ . This achieves the highest cleaning effect.

From the housing 2, the dust flows through an outlet with a diameter of D ₂ into the outlet pipe 8, where, under the influence of gravity, the valve 9 opens and produces a dust discharge, for example, into the hopper 10.

Using the proposed design for air purification allows, due to its implementation in the form of three cone elements, two of which are the main and additional body of the device, to increase the height of the vortex flow, re-cleaning it in the additional body, and the same opening angles make it possible to produce mainly housing coagulation of dust flow, and in an additional - dust separation of fine particles.

At the same time, the specified opening angles of the exhaust pipe and housings, as well as the calculated outlet openings of the cone elements, sharply reduce the entrainment of fine dust, achieving high results in cleaning efficiency, and exclude the possibility of the occurrence of a dust flow freezing effect, which increases the service life of the device.

Industrial tests of the installation showed that air purification, for example, in the production of flour, trapped particles from 1 to 5 μm, which amounted to a cleaning effect of 92-95%, and when cleaning air with dust particles more than 5 μm, a cleaning effect of 98-99.9 %

Claims (3)

1. Device for air purification, comprising a conical body with a tangential inlet pipe, an outlet pipe and an exhaust pipe, characterized in that it is made in the form of three conical elements placed one in the other, the base up on one vertical axis, while the upper element represents an exhaust pipe with an opening angle of 20 °, the middle main body and the lower additional body have the same opening angles of no more than 18 °, and the elements are rigidly connected to each other, withstanding the condition that tanovochnye dimensions between the lower base member are dependent

Where

- installation distance between the lower bases of the exhaust pipe and the main body, mm;

- installation distance between the lower bases of the main body and the additional, mm. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet openings of the conical elements are in the following relationship: D ₀ ≤ D ₁ ≤ D ₂ , where D ₀ is the inner diameter of the inlet of the exhaust pipe, mm; D ₁ - the inner diameter of the outlet of the main body, mm; D ₂ - the inner diameter of the outlet of the additional housing, mm 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet tangential branch pipe of the main body is placed to a horizontal plane at an angle within 12-14 °.

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