RU2228171C2 - Method for treating overall dyspepsias in neonatal calves with sodium acetate - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with feeding a calf with 1 l 2-3%-aqueous sodium acetate solution to an empty stomach heated up to calf's body temperature. During the next feeding one should feed a calf with 1-1.5 l isotonic sodium chloride solution. EFFECT: higher efficiency of therapy. 2 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to veterinary medicine and is intended to carry out therapeutic measures for mass dyspepsia of young animals in cattle farms and enterprises for the cultivation of factory breeds of cattle.

Known methods for treating dyspepsia of a newborn young infectious etiology, mainly these methods include: the use of antimicrobials, in particular antibiotic therapy, treatment with sulfonamides and nitrofurans; the use of astringents (tannin, decoction of oak bark), adsorbent substances (activated charcoal, powder of dried cuticles of the muscular stomach of chickens) in combination with anti-dehydration measures [Mityushin, 1989; Karput, 1990]. The use of gastric juice and its enzyme preparations for neonatal gastrointestinal pathology gives certain results [Naumov, 2000]. Recently, ecologically safe means, for example, probiotics, have become especially popular [Zhirkov, Bratukhin, 1999].

The action of the above drugs is aimed at the destruction of pathogenic intestinal microflora or at its correction (with probiotic drugs); the effect of binders and adsorbents on the binding and "neutralization" of toxins, in large quantities generated during the disease. Anti-dehydration measures occur in all treatment regimens and are aimed at restoring the body’s water-salt balance.

However, it should be noted the low effectiveness of astringents and adsorbents, as well as antimicrobial agents, since the intestinal microflora tends to adapt to the latter. When using antibiotics, sulfonamides and nitrofurans, as well as other chemotherapeutic agents, the entire microflora (both pathogenic and normal) of the intestine is partially or completely destroyed, where microscopic fungi (for example, the genus Candidamyces) can wallow; in addition, the effect of the above drugs is exclusively on the pathogenesis of the disease, in particular on the destruction of the second infection, which appears during the development of diarrhea.

Exogenous gastric juice and enzyme preparations act on the transient microflora and contribute to a more complete hydrolysis of milk protein, but they suppress the secretion of their own digestive agents.

Dyspeptic disorders of young animals associated with technological stress are usually observed in calves of highly productive (factory) breeds of dairy cattle, poorly adapted to local conditions. Etiopathogenesis in such cases begins with general excitation of the body, which causes excitation of the sympathoadrenal system and, as a result, achlorhydria of the abomasum, which does not lead to the activation of pepsinogen, and feed proteins do not undergo rennet proteolysis. Milk (or its substitute), not having passed the "primary processing" in the abomasum, enters the small intestine. As a result, there is an accelerated evacuation of the semi-digested contents into the intestines and stagnation of the chyme in non-functioning abomasum, and then its decay. All this creates favorable conditions for dysbiosis and intoxication of the body. Moreover, according to Khayrutdinov (1967), rennet juice with a high content of hydrochloric acid has bactericidal properties. Thus, all drugs that do not cause excitation of the abomasum with dyspepsia caused by technological stresses are ineffective.

Antibiotics, probiotics and various chemotherapeutic drugs alter the microbial spectrum of the intestinal contents, but they do not stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the abomasum. Ultimately, the healing process is delayed and the calf loses weight. Moreover, it is known that having dyspepsia at an early age subsequently affects the productivity of the animal and its susceptibility to various diseases.

The closest analogue of the proposed method is treatment with a decimolar solution of glycine [Zhirkov et al., 2000]. The latter stimulates the secretion of parietal cells, which does not allow microorganisms from the outside to enter the small intestine and create conditions for dysbiosis. The disadvantages of using a decimolar glycine solution include the inaccessibility of chemically pure glycine and the relatively high cost of this amino acid.

The main disadvantage of using antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic drugs (sulfonamides, nitrofurans, etc.) is the relatively fast adaptability of pathogenic intestinal microflora, which makes their use ineffective, and the destruction of normal microflora can lead to further deepening of dysbiosis. Many chemotherapeutic drugs also have cumulative properties (i.e., they can accumulate in animal tissues), which is unsafe from an environmental point of view.

The aim of the invention is to create the most optimal treatment regimen for newborn young cattle using an environmentally friendly means for mass dyspepsia.

As noted above, dysbiosis can be a consequence of various causes. But the basis of the etiopathogenesis of this disease of a newborn young is often achlorhydria, in which proteases of rennet juice (rennin and pepsin) are not activated, as well as inactivation of foreign microflora, which penetrated the digestive tract with food. Therefore, a search was made for a means that can naturally excite the lining cells of the digestive glands of the stomach and, thereby, normalize rennet proteolysis and prevent intestinal dysbiosis.

Sodium acetate was taken as a means of stimulating the functioning of the parietal glands of the abomasum, which is a by-product of the synthesis of polytetramethylene ether glycol (Khimprom OJSC, Volgograd), successfully used to increase the milk fat content of cows. Sodium acetate (Natrii acetas) is a white powder with a grayish or yellowish tint, slightly moist to the touch, with a faint smell of acetic acid. Chemically, it is the sodium salt of acetic acid. Crystal hydrate, one molecule of sodium acetate, is associated with three molecules of water (the content of anhydrous salt is 56-59 wt.%).

C ₂ H ₃ O ₂ Na · 3H ₂ O

The essence of the proposed method of treatment is that a sick calf at the first sign of an indigestion (refusal to feed, depression, and then frequent bowel movements and diarrhea) on an empty stomach drink 1 liter of a 2-3% aqueous solution of sodium acetate, heated to a temperature body of the animal. At the time of the next feeding, the calf was fed 1-1.5 L of isotonic NaCl solution. If diarrhea by this time passed, then the animal is gradually transferred to a full-fledged diet. In case of continuation of the disease (which is extremely rare), the animal is fed half the initial dose of a 2-3% solution of sodium acetate and after 30 minutes half the put portion of colostrum (milk).

During the test, the most unfavorable period for this disease was chosen, when only traces of carotene were found in the blood of calves (February-April). The experiments were carried out on newborn black-and-white calves belonging to MTF-2 USP "LUCH" of the Gorodishchensky district of the Volgograd region. Animals in both the experimental and control groups were recruited as they were born; calves were observed until 11 days of age.

Control group I was treated with methods accepted at the farm: 1. Antibiotic therapy (trimerazine, chloramphenicol); 2. A decoction of horse sorrel cooked in an isotonic NaCl solution. Control group II was treated with a probiotic RAS according to the previously described scheme (Zhirkov, Bratukhin, 1999).

The results were processed by the student method using the GB-STAT computer program.

Example 1. Calves born from heifers, as a rule, are ill with dyspepsia heavier than animals born from previously lactated cows. A conditional group of calves born from heifers (as they were born) was formed in the amount of 21 heads. When the first signs of dyspepsia appeared, all animals were fed a 2-3% solution of sodium acetate according to the scheme described in table 1.

According to the duration of the disease (in terms of 100 calves), the effectiveness of treatment in the experimental group was on average 147.9% higher than in control group I, and 72.1% than in control group II; in terms of live weight gain at 10 days of age, by 36.2 and 26.2%, respectively. Moreover, during the observations in the control group I, two calves fell, while in the experimental and in the control groups II, no calves were recorded.

Example 2. A conditional group of calves born from previously lactating cows (as they were born) was formed in the amount of 30 animals. When the first signs of dyspepsia appeared, all animals were fed a 2-3% solution of sodium acetate according to the above scheme. According to the duration of the disease (in terms of 100 calves), the effectiveness of treatment in the experimental group was higher on average by 134.5% than in control group I, and 85.9% than in control group II; in terms of live weight gain at 10 days of age, by 44.3 and 18.6%, respectively. In the experimental group, one calf fell on the second day of life (i.e., fell ill, he was not able to fully undergo treatment with the drug). At autopsy, edema and multiple hemorrhages of the mucous membrane of the abomasum were observed, as well as adrenal hypertrophy (see table 2).

Significant advantages of the proposed method for the treatment of dyspepsia of newborn calves caused by technological stress over known analogues include the use of an environmentally friendly substance, sodium acetate, acting on etiopathogenesis, as a therapeutic agent. The drug, stimulating the secretion of hydrochloric acid in the abomasum, is metabolized later in the Krebs cycle.

Thanks to the proposed method, it was possible to stop diarrhea of varying severity in the bulk of the animals observed. In the event that during the observed period (11 days) there will be a threat of recurrence of dyspepsia, then additional use of antimicrobial or other agents according to known treatment regimens is possible.

Sources of information

1. Mityushin V.V. Dyspepsia of newborn calves. - M.: Rosagropromizdat, 1989.

2. Karput I.M. Prevention of non-communicable diseases of young animals. - M .: Agropromizdat, 1990.

3. Zhirkov I.N., Bratukhin I.I. The use of the probiotic "RAS" for the correction of dysbacteriosis in calves. // Veterinary, 1999. No. 4. S. 40-42.

4. Naumov M.M. Secretory-motor function of the abomasum of newborn calves is normal and with pathology / Abstract. dis. Doct. vet. sciences. SPb., 2000.

5. Zairiov I.N., Bratukhin I.I., Ovchinnikova E.V., Telitchenko N.I. The role of abomasum in the etiology of intestinal disorders in calves of pre-ruminant age. // Veterinary, 2000. No. 9. S. 39-40.

6. Khayrutdinov X.Sh. Rennet secretion of cattle. Tashkent. 1967.

Claims (3)

1. A method of treating massive dyspepsia of newborn calves, comprising administering a biologically active substance, characterized in that 1 liter of a 2-3% aqueous solution of sodium acetate, heated to the animal’s body temperature, is drunk as a biologically active substance on an empty calf for the next feeding the calf is fed 1-1.5 l of isotonic sodium chloride solution. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that if the calf has dyspeptic phenomena, he is additionally given half the initial dose of a 2-3% aqueous solution of sodium acetate and after 30 minutes half the put portion of milk (colostrum). 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when signs of relapse appear, the calf is additionally prescribed antimicrobial agents.