RU2227966C2 - Tilling-and-seeding complex - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machines for tilling and packing of soil, seeding and application of fertilizers. Proposed complex contains frame with fitted-on hopper for seeds and fertilizers, distributors, colter boots, feed tubes, support wheels and trailer. Frame is made in form of polygon with two support-and-gauge wheels and colter boots. The latter are arranged around wheels to form polygon and are installed at left, right, front and rear of support-and-gauge wheels in direction of their movement, depending on application and make of complex. Seed hopper is provided with solid conical partition with solid conical partition with cover for charging fertilizers or seeds at top. Trailer is made in form of tetragon whose plane is square to plane of complex. Proposed tilling-and-seeding complex is rigidly connected to trailer. Feed tube is made in form of tube whose lower part is made in form of perforated blade. Hole in blade is either smooth or corrugated. EFFECT: improved quality of seeding owing to equal depth of tilling and seed packing. 4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, and in particular to machines for processing and rolling soil, sowing seeds and fertilizing.

Known seeder for direct sowing, containing a frame placed on it with a hopper for seeds, sowing machines, two support wheels and zagortachki - packer rollers, openers, seed tubes and a trailing device (Russian Patent No. 2088067, A 01 C 7/00 from 02.27.95 published on 08.27.97).

The disadvantage of this seeder is the large unevenness of the seeding during movement along an uneven field surface due to the lack of a copying device on the surface of the treated area, since the frame, and therefore the coulters mounted on it, rely on two support wheels and a block of press rollers moving along the processed surface.

When the seeder moves along an uneven area of the field, the working bodies oscillate around the longitudinal (seeder frame sways) and transverse (seeder frame "gallops") axes of the frame, which leads to uneven seedlings and a decrease in yield.

Known stubble seeder SZS 2, 1, containing a frame with bins for seeds and fertilizers placed on it, sowing devices, tubular vas deferens, coulters in the form of lancet paws, while the frame rests on three points: on the pneumatic wheel and on the section of shorting - rolling rollers (see. The album-directory "High-speed agricultural machinery." - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1977, p.197, Fig. 181 - prototype).

The disadvantage of this seeder is unsatisfactory copying of the surface due to the rigid support at three points. When moving across the field due to the longitudinal and transverse vibrations of the seeder, the pointed arms of the coulters will go at different depths, which will lead to uneven seedlings, and therefore to reduce the yield.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of sowing due to the uniform depth of tillage and seeding of seeds of sown crops.

The task is carried out by a tillage sowing complex containing a frame with a hopper for seeds and fertilizers placed on it, sowing machines, coulters, seed tubes, support wheels and a towing device, in which according to the invention the frame is made in the form of a polygon with two supporting and copy wheels mounted on it and openers, and openers are placed around the wheels, so that they form a polygon and are installed on the left, right, front and rear of the supporting-copy wheels in the direction of their movement in depending on the structural and technological purpose and the design of the complex, and in the seed hopper a continuous conical partition was made, at the top of which there is a lid for loading fertilizers or seeds, and the hitch is made in the form of a four-link, the plane of which is perpendicular to the plane of the complex’s frame, while the soil cultivating sowing the complex is attached to the tow hitch rigidly.

According to paragraph 1, the seed tube is made in the form of a pipe, the lower part of which is made in the form of a spatula with a hole.

According to paragraph 1, 2, the hole of the spatula is made smooth.

According to paragraph 1, 2, the hole of the spatula is made corrugated.

An analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allowed us to identify signs that distinguish it from the prototype, which meets the criterion of "novelty."

A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the known did not reveal signs that completely coincide with the proposed one, which meets the criterion of "inventive step."

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a General view of the complex; figure 2 - hopper; figure 3 - opener with the lower part of the vas deferens; figure 4 - the lower part of the vas deferens.

The soil-cultivating sowing complex consists of a frame 1 with a hopper 2 for seeds and fertilizers placed on it, sowing apparatus 3, coulters 4, seed tubes 5, backup wheels 6, a hitch 7.

The frame 1 is made in the form of a polygon, on it using the axles (not shown) mounted supporting wheels 6. To the frame on the brackets (not shown) are attached three or more lance coulters 4. Moreover, the coulters 4 are placed around the supporting wheels 6 so that form a polygon and are installed on the left, right, front and rear of the backup wheels 6 in the direction of their movement, depending on the structural and technological purpose and design of the complex. In this case, three legs are set, as a rule, when sowing small-seeded crops, and when sowing large-seeded crops, more than three coulters are installed. The coulters at the same time cover the area of soil cultivation by each of them.

In the hopper 2 for seeds and fertilizers made a continuous conical partition 8 of sheet material, fixed motionless, for example, by welding.

In this case, the hopper 2 is divided into two cavities: the upper one for seeds and the lower, inner one for fertilizers or seeds. In the absence of fertilizer, the cavity is loaded with seeds. In this case, the lower cavity is closed by the conical cover 9, and the upper, closed by the cover (not shown), is located above the lower conical cavity. The complex with the help of the hitch 7 is attached to the hitch or directly to the tractor.

The coupling device 7 is made, for example, of strips connected movably to each other, for example, using bolts and nuts, and forms a four-link.

To the four link of the hitch 7 using, for example, bolts and nuts, the frame 1 of the complex is rigidly fixed. In this case, the plane of the frame of the complex and the four-link trailer device 7 are fixed perpendicular to each other.

The seed tube 5 is made in the form of tubes (metal, plastic, etc.), the lower part of the tube 10 is made in the form of a spatula 11 with an opening 12. The hole 12 of the spatula 11 is smooth when sowing small-seeded crops with high windage, and therefore capable of seeding to fly across the entire width of the processed strip.

The hole 12 of the spatula 11 is corrugated when sowing large-seeded crops, the seeds of which do not have significant windage and therefore will not be able to fly around the entire width of the processed strip. The corrugations made on the spatula 11 serve as guides for seeds, distributing them over the entire width of the processed strip.

Tillage sowing complex operates as follows.

Using the hitch device 7, the complex is attached to the hitch or using the hitch mechanism to the tractor.

In the hopper 2, mounted on the frame 1, the outer (not shown), and then the inner 9 lid is opened and filled with fertilizers, and in the absence of them, with seeds, after which the inner lid 9 is closed and the seeds are filled in the outer hopper, which are on the conical partition 8 distributed over the entire surface of the hopper, after which the outer cover closes.

A tractor with a complex attached to it (several complexes) begins to move, sowing devices 3 are turned on, driven, for example, by a stepper motor (not shown), which dose the necessary portion of fertilizers and seeds (or only seeds), installed by the command apparatus, which are installed through the pipe 10 vas deferens 5 are fed into the lower part of the vas deferens 5, made in the form of a spatula 11 with an opening 12. At this time, the coulters 4 cut the upper soil layer with their paws to the depth of seed placement (which is set depending on litter) and raise the soil. A gap is formed in which seeds and fertilizers are applied or only seeds from the hole 12 of the spatula 11. Small-seeded crops are sown with spatulas 11 with smooth holes 12, since the seeds have a large windage and, falling along the pipe 10 of the coulter 4 with an even tape or stitch, are distributed throughout width of the processed strip. The distribution of seeds is carried out due to the windage of the seeds and due to vibrations of the pipe 10 of the opener 4, the spatula 11 with the hole 12.

Vibrations occur due to the effects of vibrations of the working tractor engine (and hence the complex), due to the vibrational movements of the complex when it moves along the field and the vibrational movements of the stepper motors of the sowing devices.

When sowing large-seeded crops, spatulas 11 are used with an opening 12 in which corrugations are made. Large seeds, having low windage, fall into the hole 12 of the spatula 11 in heaps, but due to the corrugations, which serve as guide grooves for the seeds, are distributed over the entire width of the spatula, and hence the entire width of the treated strip. After the passage of the unit, the trimmed layer is lowered onto the introduced seeds and fertilizers. And since the skating rink is followed (attached to it) by either rollers or leveling rollers, the top layer of soil will be rolled up and the seeds will be on a hard bed covered with the top rolled layer of soil. When supporting wheels hit an obstacle (uneven soil) due to the fact that the complex does not have a rigid support at 3 (or 4) points, the wheels will rise, the four-link trailer 7 will shift on its axes, thereby offsetting the deviation of the complex from the plane of the field and retaining the coulter stroke depth 4, and hence the depth of seed placement. When hitting wheels with wheels 6 on an obstacle, the complex will shift somewhat on the eyes of the tractor's hitch, but it will retain the depth of the coulters 4, and therefore the depth of seeding. This embodiment of the soil cultivating sowing complex allows sowing of various crops on untreated fields or fields with minimal tillage. In addition, such a complex allows continuous continuous broadband scattering or line sowing of seeds of agricultural crops.

Claims (4)

1. Tillage sowing complex comprising a frame with a hopper for seeds and fertilizers placed on it, sowing machines, openers, seed tubes, support wheels and a towing device, characterized in that the frame is made in the form of a polygon with two supporting and copy wheels mounted on it and openers, and openers are placed around the wheels so that they form a polygon and is installed on the left, right, front and rear of the supporting-copy wheels in the direction of their movement, depending on the design and technological purpose and execution of the complex, and in the seed hopper a continuous conical partition was made, at the top of which there is a lid for loading fertilizers or seeds, and the tow hitch is made in the form of a four-link, the plane of the frame of which is perpendicular to the plane of the complex, while the tillage sowing complex is attached to the hook the device is tough. 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the vas deferens is made in the form of a pipe, the lower part of which is made in the form of a spatula with a hole. 3. The complex according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 2, characterized in that the hole of the spatula is made smooth. 4. The complex according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the hole of the spatula is corrugated.

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