RU2223624C2 - Shank for subsurface broadcast sowing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular drilling equipment. SUBSTANCE: shank has A-hoe, tube-tine-seed guide, and passive seed distributor with concave surfaces. Seed distributor is made in the form of cone with profiled concave surface. Seed distributor is coupled with seed guide tine. Curvature of seed guide tube lower part conforms with profile of cone concave surface. Bottom fixed on seed guide is made in the form of profiled surface following profile of cone and arranged perpendicular to seed guide longitudinal axis. Bottom is positioned on seed guide so as to provide movement of seed guide without contacting with soil. Gap between tube wall and profiled concave surface of cone allows free discharge of seeds and fertilizer to be provided. EFFECT: uniform, high-quality distribution of seeds in soil. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the design of openers for seed drills.

 Known seeder containing a frame with mounted bins and openers with closed cultivator legs and diffusers made in the form of a truncated tetrahedral pyramid with two side concave surfaces, and the rear face is inclined to the base. (Patent 2113780 dated 06/08/96, publ. 06/27/98).

 The disadvantage of this seeder is the uneven seeding of seeds, since the diffuser is made in the form of a truncated trihedral pyramid with concave surfaces. This embodiment of the diffuser will lead to the bounce of seeds from the blunt top of the pyramid, and therefore to an uncontrolled distribution of seeds on the surface of the furrow made by the coulter, and therefore to uneven seedlings and to reduce yield.

 Known opener for subsoil spread sowing, containing a hollow rack-vas deferens, replaceable lancet paw, forming together with the rear shelf closed sifting chamber, passive two-sided seed distributor with concave curved surfaces. (Application 97110736 from 06.25.97, publ. 01.27.99 - prototype).

 In the indicated opener, the seed distributor allows the subsoil scattering of seeds of agricultural crops to be carried out, but has several disadvantages. The implementation of the seed distributor in the form of a figure with two faces with concave curved surfaces ensures uniform sowing under the sides of the lancet paw, and the soil surface raised by the toe of the coulter will not be sown, since the seeds are distributed on two sides. Therefore, with this design of the seed distributor, screenings are possible, uneven distribution of seeds, and therefore uneven use of the nutritional area by plants, which will lead to a decrease in yield. The objective of the invention is to increase the uniformity and quality of the spread, subsoil sowing of crops.

 This task is performed by the opener for a subsoil spread seed, containing, for example, a lancet paw, a tube-rack-vas deferens, a passive seed distributor with concave surfaces, according to the invention, the seed distributor is made in the form of a figure, for example, a polyhedral pyramid or cone with a profiled concave surface, while the seed distributor with one rib, face or plane made on a cone is tightly fixed on the rack-seed tube, and the curvature of the lower part of the tube of the seed tube corresponds to the concave profile the surface of the figure, while the bottom is fixed to the vas deferens, made in the form of a profiled surface that copies the profile of the figure and placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vas deferens, in addition, the bottom is placed on the vas deferens so that it forms a gap with the soil surface that allows the vas deferens to move without rubbing it against the soil and the gap between the pipe wall and the profiled concave surface of the figure provides free passage of seeds and fertilizers.

 Analysis of the proposed solution with the prototype allowed us to highlight the features that distinguish the proposed solution from the prototype, which meets the criterion of "novelty." A comparative analysis of the proposed solution with the known did not reveal signs completely coinciding with the features of the proposed solution, which meets the criterion of "Inventive step".

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a General view of the opener; figure 2 - the lower part of the opener with vas deferens; figure 3 - seed distributor, made in the form of a multifaceted pyramid or cone.

 The opener for a subsoil spread sowing includes, for example, a lancet paw 1, a seed tube 2 in the form of a stand pipe, a seed distributor 3 made in the form of, for example, a polyhedral pyramid or a cone with profiled concave faces 4. In this case, the seed distributor 3 is made in the form of a tributary pyramid for openers with lancet paws or paws made in the form of a runner and in the form of 4 faces or more, or in the form of a cone for all types of openers, except for disk ones. In this case, the seed distributor 3 with one face or plane 4 made on a cone or edge 5 (for a trihedral pyramid) is tightly fixed, for example, by welding on the vas deferens 2. The lower part of the tube 6 of the vas deferens 2 is made with a curvature corresponding to the profile of a concave face or concave surface and for smooth sliding of seeds along the profile of the faces of the pyramid or cone. To protect the vas deferens 2 from the penetration of lumps of soil on it, for example, by welding, a bottom 7 is fixed, made in the form of a profiled surface copying the profile of the figure and placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vas deferens 2. The bottom 7 is fixed so that it forms a gap with the surface of the soil 8, necessary for uniform distribution of seeds in the soil and the elimination of resistance to friction of the coulter. To prevent seeds from bouncing off the faces or surface of the cone 4 of the seed distributor 3 between the bent wall of the pipe 6 and the concave face of the pyramid or the surface of the cone 4, a gap 9 is provided that allows free passage of seeds and fertilizers. In this case, the gap 9 is selected as the minimum one promoting the free movement of seeds and fertilizers, but preventing them from bouncing off the profiled concave surface.

 The opener for subsoil spacing sowing works as follows. When moving across the field, the opener containing the lancet paw I (skid, chisel, etc.) cuts the topsoil and raises it. Seeds using a metering device (not shown in the drawing) from the hopper (not shown in the drawing) enter the construction pipe-seed tube 2 and through the seed tube 2 to the seed distributor 3, for example, 3 faces of the pyramid with concave faces. The pyramid is mounted on the vas deferens 2, for example, by welding. Seeds fall on the profiled concave faces and sliding along them enter the bottom 7, and then into the soil, do not bounce, since the gap 9 between the wall of the pipe 6 and the concave face 4 provides only free passage of fertilizers or seeds.

 At the same time, the same amount of seeds will fall on each face, which, moving along the profiled concave faces, will arrive evenly on the bottom 7 and from the bottom 7 on three sides. Raised on two sides by the lateral surfaces of the lancet paw I and one back to place seeds on the soil surface formed by the toe of the paw. This ensures uniform sowing of seeds throughout the treated strip. According to this principle, the distribution of seeds occurs - according to seed distributor 3 made in the form of a pyramid with 4 or more faces, as well as in the form of a cone. Behind the coulters are packer rollers or leveling rollers, which pack the soil raised by the coulters, providing the seeds with good conditions for germination and growth.

 This embodiment of openers for subsoil scattering provides uniform quality distribution of seeds in the soil.

Claims (2)

1. A coulter for a subsoil spread sowing, comprising a lancet paw, a stand-tube-vas deferens, a passive seed distributor in the form of a cone with a concave shaped surface, the seed distributor being connected to the vas deferens, characterized in that the curvature of the lower part of the vas deferens corresponds to the profile of the concave surface of the cone, at the same time, the bottom is fixed on the vas deferens, made in the form of a profiled surface that copies the profile of the cone and placed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vas deferens 2. The opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom is placed on the vas deferens so that with the soil surface forms a gap that allows the vas deferens to move without rubbing it against the soil, and the gap between the pipe wall and the profiled concave surface of the cone allows free passage of seeds and fertilizers .

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