RU2222305C1 - General road first-aid kit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: first-aid kit is designed for oriented complex pharmacotherapy at self-assistance before arrival of specialist. First-aid kit includes package with identification symbols placed in casing provided with instructions for using drugs. Package has base of rigid material with recesses for placing drugs and it is divided by sections. Each section is joined with adjacent one along its elongated side by means of flexible material providing possibility for folding sections. Each section has separate cover of transparent material detachably secured to base at two free sides; in each section there are drugs designed for treating one disease. Folded sections are placed in casing in which also there are medical mini-handbook and instruction for diagnostics and first aid for patients. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of using kit due to simplified process of first aid. 7 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to medicine, more specifically to packages and mini-first-aid kits, used in travel conditions, containing medicines intended for the treatment of several diseases, and can be used by users without special medical knowledge for making a preliminary diagnosis and providing first aid when traveling and travel, in particular distant, in the absence of qualified medical care. The invention implements the principles of an oriented-integrated pharmacotherapeutic pre-medical self-help.

 Numerous universal first-aid kits are known, containing a variety of medications and auxiliaries made in the form of cases, bags or briefcases. For example, a bag for emergency medical care is known according to European patent EP 0199853. This first-aid kit is intended for storing and transporting medical equipment and contains a lid that has several working positions, pockets for storing medical equipment that are located in such a way, the contents of which can be accessed through open ends or by opening the upper valves.

 Known first aid kit according to British patent GB 2246762 A, containing the minimum required amount of medication and comprising a container, divided by a horizontal shelf into two compartments, in which there are packages with medicines and accessories.

 Known miniature packaging for medicines and auxiliary means according to US patent 5766715 A, made in the form of a case with recesses for placing medicines stored from contamination by a protective plate.

 All known means are either very cumbersome to be used on the road by ordinary users, as described above, or contain drugs that are mostly the same or intended for the treatment of one disease, for example, a first-aid kit that includes a set of drugs for one pathological condition, in particular a heart attack, with attached instructions - WO 99/44561 (Eliseev et al.), A 61 F 17/00, 09/10/1999. The first-aid kit is equipped with a case and instructions for using the medicine.

 This first-aid kit can be taken as the closest analogue. However, as it is obvious, it has a narrow medical purpose, and it can be used for only one disease. It can not be used as a universal tool for travel and long trips.

 Another disadvantage of the device described here is the packaging design. To extract a therapeutic agent, it is necessary to open the corresponding cavity in the case, while destroying one of the layers. Therefore, it is no longer possible to use the cavity to re-place the preparations in it. As for the packaging itself, despite the fact that the entire set has not yet been used in it, it can no longer be used, since part of the necessary funds is already missing. Due to the design features of the case, the analog packaging is disposable.

 The invention solves the problem of creating a universal, miniature and easy-to-use miniature first-aid kit (packaging), which can be easily transported and used on the road.

 The technical result achieved when using this first-aid kit, in comparison with the closest analogue, is to expand the functionality, as well as increase the usability and eliminate errors when using medicines.

 The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the first-aid kit, which is a package with identification inscriptions, placed in a case containing instructions for the use of drugs, the package has a base of hard material with recesses for placing medicines and is divided into sections, each section is connected to the adjacent its long side with flexible material, which allows folding sections, each section having a separate cover of transparent material attached to the base with two free sides with the possibility of removal, and there are medicines in it to treat one disease.

 The technical result is enhanced due to the fact that the sections contain blister packs and sachets with medicines.

 Sections contain ointments, plasters, bandages, and one of the sections is reserve for the implementation of additional individual equipment.

 Identification inscriptions made by convex lines are applied on the covers of the sections, and paint glowing in the dark is applied to them.

 In one section, blister packs with paracetamol tablets and powder bags for preparing hot drinks are placed.

 In another of the sections, blister packs with loratadine or desloratadine tablets are placed.

 In another section, packs of ranitidine, famotidine or nizatidine tablets, packs of festival tablets, pancreatin and mezim tablets, and packs of activated carbon tablets are placed.

 The essence of the invention and the possibility of achieving a technical result will be more clear when using the illustrative drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows a general view of a first-aid kit in the unfolded state without a case, in fig. 2-4 are examples of section picking.

 Going on vacation, to a resort, to distant lands, the question of the possibility of getting sick during the holidays is always worrying. This issue is particularly relevant for a vacation or business trip to exotic countries. The risk of getting sick varies by country. Low-risk countries include highly developed countries such as the USA, Canada, France, etc. The "moderate risk" countries include the countries of the Mediterranean basin, the Caribbean (except Haiti and the Dominican Republic), as well as Israel and South Africa. And finally, the probability of getting sick is highest in Mexico, Central and South Africa and in Asian countries.

 Most likely to get sick with various infectious diseases, including dysentery, hepatitis A (if you came to the dentist, or you got an injection, then there is a high probability of getting hepatitis B and / or C). Malaria and other diseases transmitted through insect bites are very common in exotic countries. Often there are allergic reactions, sea and mountain sickness, exacerbation of chronic diseases of the cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive systems, as well as trauma.

 Of course, it is impossible to foresee all possible diseases when visiting a country. Therefore, for different countries, individual mini-first-aid kits should be developed containing the necessary preventive and medicinal products for the region.

 The proposed option of a first-aid kit is a package for placing a universal set of medicines intended for the treatment (relief) of a wide variety of diseases and symptoms. A prerequisite for such a mini-first aid kit is the principle of over-the-counter dispensing of drugs that are included with this kit. Another principle for selecting the composition of drugs for a mini first aid kit should be the principle of combining the drugs available in the medicine cabinet and using them to stop a wider range of symptoms or syndromes (diseases). The nomenclature of drugs included in the mini first aid kit should also provide for the principles of self-medication, i.e. to help the patient, in the event of any symptoms of the disease, make his own decision to take a specific drug (or a combination thereof).

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing (Fig.1-4).

 The first-aid kit includes a case in the form of a box, package 1 with recesses 2 and identification inscriptions 3, for example, “preparations used for allergic reactions”, and instructions for use, package 1 has a base 4 made of hard material with recesses for placing medicines and is divided into sections 5 Each section is connected to a flexible material 7 adjacent to its long side 6 and is able to fold with other sections by bending said flexible material. Folded packaging looks like a children's folding book. Moreover, each section 5 has a separate cover 8 of transparent flexible material attached to the base 4 on two free sides 9 with fasteners, for example, such as Wilcro, 10, and there are drugs for the treatment of one disease. This embodiment of the caps makes it easy to remove the medicine and, if necessary, replenish their supply. The recesses of the 2 sections of the 5 first-aid kit contain blister packs and sachets of medicines. Sections 5 contain ointments, plasters, bandages, and one of the sections is left empty and is reserve for the implementation of additional individual equipment.

 On the covers of 8 sections 5, identification inscriptions made by convex lines are applied, and paint glowing in the dark is applied to them. Each section is equipped with the means to treat one disease. The following are required.

 1. Paracetamol 11 (acetaminophen), located in the first section, which contains drugs to reduce the temperature, against infectious and inflammatory diseases and painkillers, is an antipyretic-analgesic. The drug is intended to reduce the temperature in infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, as well as to relieve the symptoms of "colds". In addition, it is advisable to use it in case of overheating in the sun. Possessing an analgesic effect, paracetamol is by far the safest drug for the relief of pain of small and medium severity (headache and toothache, pain during menstrual bleeding, etc.). One of the new dosage forms of paracetamol is a soluble powder with various flavors. This dosage form allows you to use it in pediatric practice when you receive a certain volume of paracetamol solution. Dosage of paracetamol per day up to 4 g for adults; for children 10-15 mg / kg of body weight. It is allowed to use the specified drug in these dosages for no more than three days as an antipyretic drug and five days as an anesthetic. It is advisable to use in a mini medicine cabinet the number of tablets of 500 mg - 20 pcs.

 For colds, it is most advisable to use combined drugs, including paracetamol, as well as drugs from the group of sympathomimetics and antihistamines. The inclusion of drugs of these groups contributes, in addition to relieving the symptoms of fever (fever), sensations of nasal congestion, lacrimation, sore nose and runny nose. In addition, these preparations can be produced in bags (for making a hot drink), which is of interest for developing the principles of completing a mini first aid kit: alternating inserts containing bags 12, 13, 14 with inserts filled with tablets. Such a combination (alternation) of blisters will reduce the volume of the first-aid kit and will achieve the preservation of drugs in tablets. Such drugs, as a rule, are dispensed without a doctor’s prescription: Coldrex, Teraflu, Fervex, Flucoldin, etc.

 2. The second section contains a blister pack of 15 loratadine or desloratadine - effective modern drugs with anti-allergic effects. Their use is advisable for all types of allergic reactions, from urticaria and itchy dermatosis, to health-threatening Quincke edema. The antiallergic effect develops after 30 minutes (for loratadine) and lasts 24 hours. One of the advantages of these drugs is that they do not cause CNS depression, i.e. unlike other antihistamines do not cause drowsiness. In a mini medicine cabinet, 5-6 tablets are enough.

 3. Changes in the type and diet, as well as the "exotic" of local food, the unusual composition of water and the method of cooking, leads to impaired gastrointestinal function. Symptoms of these disorders are dyspeptic disorders such as heartburn, nausea, vomiting, pain in the epigastric region and in other areas of the abdomen, flatulence, constipation or diarrhea. The purpose of compiling a nomenclature of drugs for the specified first-aid kit is to stop as many symptoms as possible with a minimum set of drugs. In the third section of the first-aid kit, drugs are collected to eliminate disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.

 To eliminate the symptoms of nausea, heartburn, epigastric pain, it is advisable to use antacids. Most antacids currently in use contain magnesium or aluminum hydroxide as the main component (both single drugs and in combination), sometimes in combination with sodium bicarbonate or calcium salts (calcium carbonate). It should be noted that magnesium salts have a laxative effect, and preparations containing aluminum ions have a fixing effect. These drugs are available both in tablet dosage form, and in the form of a solution, gel and suspension (almagel, phosphalugel, maalox, digin, gelusil, etc.). Convenient antacids are drugs in the dosage form for absorption in the oral cavity, for example, Rennie (calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate).

 If the above complaints are accompanied by pains in the epigastrium and heartburn that do not go away after one or two doses of antacids, then medications from the group of H2 antihistamines should be taken. The third section of the first-aid kit includes blister packs of 16 ranitidine, famotidine or nizatidine. It should be noted that ranitidine is dispensed from pharmacies without a prescription. Ranitidine is prescribed (taken) by 1 tablet. (150 mg) 2 times a day or 2 tablets. (300 mg) once a night. Therefore, 6-8 tablets are enough for a mini first aid kit.

 In order to eliminate nausea and accelerate the movement of food through the intestines (accelerate food evacuation) with a feeling of heaviness in the stomach during overeating, it is possible to use metoclopramide (cerucal, raglan) and cisapride. It is advisable for people who often experience a feeling of fullness of the stomach and the occurrence of flatulence (the so-called dysphagia), as well as those suffering from constipation, the appointment of enzyme preparations: festal, pancreatin, mezim - in the blister section 17. For flatulence and belching, it is advisable to use activated charcoal , which is the main means for the adsorption of substances in case of poisoning during gastric lavage. At least 20 tablets of activated charcoal should be in the medicine cabinet 18. Drugs with a “carminative” effect: dimethicone (dysflatil, espumisan) are an additional means to eliminate flatulence.

 To eliminate constipation, it is advisable to include laxatives in the medicine cabinet: bisacodyl, sodium picosulfate, guttalax, laxigel, mucofalk, isafenin, etc. It is most advisable to include tablet dosage forms of bisacodyl. The number of tablets to eliminate constipation is 1 / 2-1 / 3 of the number of days of rest or business trip. All drugs are dispensed from pharmacies without a doctor’s prescription.

 With functional diarrhea arising from the use of water with a different mineral composition, food characteristics, etc., it is advisable to use loperamide (imodium, mucofalk, rifaximin).

 Dyspeptic disorders can be associated not only with the ingestion of food or water, but also during sea and air travel - motion sickness (sea and air sickness, kinetoses). For this purpose, in the medicine cabinet should be such drugs as aeron, Dedalon, Dramina, etc. Taking such drugs 30-45 minutes before the trip and then every 4-6 hours will eliminate the manifestations of motion sickness (symptoms of motion sickness). In the medicine cabinet should be at least 10-12 tablets. from this pharmacotherapeutic group.

 Against the background of everyday physical inactivity and excessive physical exertion (prolonged walking and standing), as well as constipation on vacation, exacerbation (occurrence) of external hemorrhoids is possible. To eliminate pain and local inflammation, it is advisable to include rectal and / or ointment (gel) with painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs in the mini-medicine cabinet of the suppository. The choice of such drugs is huge (anusole, neoanusole, procto glivenol, heparinoid, etc.).

 It is known that outdoor activities or long walks can cause pain from the musculoskeletal system. In patients with a history of spinal osteochondrosis (regardless of the lesion department), dorsalgia (sciatica, lumbago, exacerbation of arthrosis, etc.) may occur against the background of this dorsopathy. To stop these symptoms, it is necessary to have non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the mini medicine cabinet: diclofenac (voltaren, ortofen), ibuprofen, indomethacin, etc. It should be noted that ibuprofen, as the safest drug from this group, is dispensed from pharmacies without a prescription. Drugs from the NSAID group can be useful for functional diarrhea, for headache relief, including migraine pain. Indicated drugs are also indispensable for the "tired legs" syndrome.

 Prolonged exposure to air (sun) and wind can cause dry eye syndrome or inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes. For this purpose, it is advisable to include in the mini first-aid kit: vizin, artificial tear, vitasic and other drugs with increased wetting activity and low vasoconstrictor activity. In inflammatory processes, it is possible to include Sofradex in the medicine cabinet, i.e. a drug that combines an anti-inflammatory agent (glucocorticoid agent) and an antibacterial agent. It should be noted that Sofradex is also used for inflammatory diseases of the ear: external otitis media. Instead of the specified drug, you can include a solution of sodium sulfacil or anstiseptic - miramistin in a mini medicine cabinet.

 To eliminate insomnia, it is advisable to include drugs with sleeping pills in the medicine cabinet, for example, doxylamine (the drug is dispensed without a prescription). It is interesting to include melatonin in the medicine cabinet, which helps to regulate (normalize) human circadian rhythms when changing time zones (it is also dispensed from pharmacies without a doctor’s prescription).

 Climate change can cause a runny nose (both in the sympatocomplex of "colds" diseases, and in hypersensitivity reactions - an allergic runny nose). The inclusion in the mini-medicine cabinet of decongestants (drugs that reduce the common cold) such as xylometazoline, naphazoline, etc., will quickly stop the common cold with a "cold". And the presence in the mini-medicine cabinet of antihistamines (a) (loratadine or desloratadine) will help to stop a runny nose of an allergic nature (vasomotor runny nose, seasonal rhinitis, etc.). The most rational inclusion of these decongestants in the form of dropper bottles or vials, pumps (mechanical), as well as tubes, droppers. A bottle of 5-10 ml is enough.

 To eliminate or alleviate the symptoms of cough, which may accompany "colds", it is advisable to use tablets containing codeine with guaifenesin (or thermopsis), dextromethorphan, or combination drugs such as Fervex for dry cough. The combined use of paracetamol and drugs containing codeine or loratadine can enhance the degree of analgesic effect of these drugs used separately.

 It is necessary to include a tube of cream or gel with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (or distracting) in the mini-first aid kit, the purpose of which is to alleviate the symptoms that arise with long walking - the syndrome of "tired" legs, exacerbation of arthrosis, arthritis, osteochondrosis, etc.

 There are a lot of drugs of this action: Fastum gel, Finalgon, creams (gels) containing diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, etc.

 In addition, it is advisable to include adhesive plasters (bactericidal, corn) of different sizes - 10 pieces, a sterile bandage - 1 piece. You should include an antiseptic agent - Furacilin, the use of which is possible for the preparation of a solution for washing wounds (abrasions, cuts), etc., as well as for preparing a solution for rinsing the oral cavity (inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity and nasopharynx).

 It should be noted the important advantage of this mini-first aid kit - with the "mandatory equipment" for each tourist (especially in the group) the number of tablets (powders in bags) for individual use can be reduced. This is justified by the fact that 30-45% of people resting at the same time get sick in tourist or other trips. Transfer (borrowing) of medicines from mini-kits of other members of the group allows you to provide the necessary amount of the drug to the patient for several days.

 It is necessary to provide for the possibility of completing a mini-first aid kit, for example, with nitroglycerin preparations (for older people), or children's dosage forms (when traveling with children), i.e. the presence of "empty" cells. In addition, replenishment of empty cells after using certain drugs, i.e. the design of the first-aid kit must ensure the use (and replenishment) of the first-aid kit without compromising the integrity and completeness of the first-aid kit. This is due to the fact that the period of validity of drugs is at least two years (maybe up to 5 years), therefore, a first-aid kit purchased with the possibility of retrofitting can serve several times, can serve when traveling people of different age categories and people suffering from chronic diseases that Concerned about the alleged possibility of exacerbation of existing chronic diseases on the road, on vacation, etc.

 The first-aid kit, in addition, is completed with a case in the form of a box where the folded sections and compactly arranged instructions for the use of medicines are placed (without prejudice to their completeness), as well as a mini-guide to identify the symptoms of the disease and the possibility of stopping or weakening the medicines available in the first-aid kit .

Claims (7)

1. A first-aid kit, which is a package with identification inscriptions, placed in a case containing instructions for the use of drugs, characterized in that the package has a base made of hard material with recesses for placing medications and is divided into sections, each section is connected to the adjacent along its long side flexible material providing the possibility of folding sections, each section having a separate cover of transparent material attached to the base from two free sides with the possibility of I will take it off, and there are medicines in it to treat one disease. 2. The first-aid kit according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections contain blister packs and sachets with medicines. 3. The first-aid kit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sections contain ointments, plasters, bandages, and one of the sections is reserve for the implementation of additional individual equipment. 4. A first-aid kit according to one of claims 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that identification covers are made on the covers of the sections, made by convex lines and a paint glowing in the dark is applied to them. 5. The first-aid kit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in one of the sections blister packs with paracetamol tablets and sachets with powders for making hot drink are placed. 6. The first-aid kit according to claim 1, characterized in that in another of the sections blister packs with loratadine or desloratadine tablets are placed. 7. The first-aid kit according to claim 1, characterized in that in another of the sections there are packages with tablets of raniticin, famotidine or nizatidine, packages with tablets of festal, pancreatin and mezim, as well as packages with tablets of activated carbon.

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