RU2220063C2 - Automatic vehicle and track for such vehicle (transcar) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport with address delivery. SUBSTANCE: proposed vehicle contains bogie with electric motors connected with flanged wheels. Bogie is provided with receiving and transmitting devices reading information from information paths of tracks. All wheels are provided with independent drives for reciprocating to upper lower rails. Tracks for vehicle contains first and second two-rail tracks installed in parallel on transfer sections at distance of alignment of wheels of bogie located on first track with rails of second track. On section where two transport flows unite into one flow, each track section of length somewhat greater than double length of vehicle, is provided with track section number mark. Marks on second track do not register with those of first track by half of sections. Rail tracks are made in left-hand and right-hand hook-section beams. Each beam has lower and upper supporting and fixing rails. The latter are installed on transfer sections at one level and parallel in left-hand and right-hand beams at distance coinciding with width between left-hand and right-hand wheels. Current-carrying rail located over middle is provided with dielectric fasteners in upper part of track. EFFECT: improved efficiency of transportation of passengers and cargoes, increased speed, improved comfort. 7 cl, 15 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of transport, namely to automatic rail transport with targeted delivery.

 A transport automatic system is known that contains a transitional tier of the track, the beginning and end of which are made above the first and second tracks, respectively, at the height of alignment of its rails with the lifting wheels of the vehicle, which are made on axles fixed at the drives with one end, with the possibility of transferring them to the transition height tier, and the payload is made on the suspension mounted on the vehicle trolley from the side of the drives of the lifting wheels.

 The disadvantage of this technical solution is that it requires the construction of bulky flyovers, it does not have the ability to withstand gusts of crosswind, without this, when approaching the fork, the transition wheels may not be compatible with the rails of the transitional tier, as well as the inability to use in the mountains on steep slopes and slopes, it is difficult to use with mass passenger service in markets, stadiums, airports, etc. The low value of acceleration due to the lack of forced adhesion of the wheels to the rails during acceleration requires long sections of acceleration, as well as the fundamental possibility of derailment for some reason limits the possibility of using this technical device. This technical solution is taken as a prototype. Patent RU 2155687, 09/10/2000. Bull. 25. (No other analogues found).

 The invention is aimed at solving the problem of eliminating the disadvantages of the analogue and creating a safe, high-speed, silent, environmentally friendly and safe not only for people but also for the animal kingdom of transport, with automatic route formation, with non-stop movement to the destination, with all-weather and round-the-clock work, significantly more economical in operation compared with all existing modes of transport, as well as for working in the mountains with steep ascents and descents at any time of the year or day and for transport services, such as in crowded places, such as stadiums, markets, airports, etc., for businesses as an automatic intrashop, in-process transport, such as a conveyor, as well as for use as a personal vehicle.

 The technical result from the use of the invention is the reliability of an automatic vehicle (hereinafter ATS) due to regular maintenance, to which the ATS goes on its own after a certain number of hours of operation on the line, where, for example, the transport carriage is replaced and the ATS is released onto the line again. High acceleration during acceleration and high speed when driving on the rise allows you to increase the throughput of the path, for example, compared with the freeway. The impossibility of getting off the rails due to the locking of the flanges of the wheels by the upper and lower rails, the forced adhesion of the wheels to the rails, sufficient to develop high (up to 500 km / h) speed on the main lines, which, in addition to the adhesion of the wheels to the rails, contributes to the total power of the electric motors and good aerodynamics ATS, in urban areas with a large number of branches up to 120 km / h with mass passenger service, with no noise, because the rails are polished, and there are no joints on them (in urban conditions, overhead tracks as a result of thermal expansion will only slightly change the radius of turns). Passengers are delivered by destination code non-stop along the shortest route at any time and in any weather, cheaper and faster than on any other form of transport. As a payload, transport freight containers weighing up to several tons, which is also much cheaper, faster and more efficient than trucks.

 The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that an automatic vehicle containing a transport trolley with electric motors in communication with the wheels by kinematic coupling, all wheels are equipped with flanges and automatic control, in addition, the transport trolley is equipped with a frame made on it reading paths from information tracks, receiving and transmitting devices and payload, all wheels of the transport trolley are made with drives for reciprocating movement to ra side surfaces of the upper and lower rails, and these drives for the left and right wheels are made independent of one another. The payload is fixed movably on the rocker arms rigidly mounted on the frame with the ability to hold the center of gravity of the payload in three positions: under the rails of one beam, under the rails of the second beam and between them. The frame of the transport trolley contains hinges made in the middle of the trolley, perpendicular to the axles of the wheels, with deviation angles corresponding to the minimum turning radius of the path. To be able to control the amount of adhesion of all wheels to the track rails by the mid-wheel engine, the worm drives of the latter are slotted and spring-loaded. Paths for an automatic vehicle (ATS), containing the first and second tracks, consisting of two rails each, installed on transition sections parallel to each other, at the distance of alignment of the wheels of the transport trolley located on the first track with the rails of the second track, and on the merger two traffic streams in one each stretch of track, slightly longer than the double length of the vehicle, is labeled with the number of the stretch of track, and the marks on the second track are mismatched by half the stretch in the first way. Rail tracks are made in the left and right hook-shaped beams, each of these beams contains lower and upper support-fixing rails, the latter on the transition sections of the track are located at the same level and in parallel in the left and right beams at a distance coinciding with the width between the left and the right wheels of the transport trolley, and the current-carrying rail located above the middle of the transport trolley is made in the upper part of the track on dielectric fasteners. The paths in the left and right beams are made for sharing. For the possibility of individual use of automatic telephone exchanges, beams-blind alleys have been brought to the places of residence of citizens.

 The declared automatic vehicle and the ways for it differ from the prototype in that all the wheels of the transport trolley are made with drives for reciprocating movement to the working surfaces of the upper and lower rails, and these drives for the left and right wheels are made independent of one another. The payload is fixed movably on the rocker arms rigidly mounted on the frame with the ability to hold the center of gravity of the payload in three positions: under the rails of one beam, under the rails of the second beam and between them. The frame of the transport trolley contains hinges made in the middle of the trolley, perpendicular to the axles of the wheels, with deviation angles corresponding to the minimum turning radius of the path. To be able to control the amount of adhesion of all wheels to the track rails by the mid-wheel engine, the worm drives of the latter are slotted and spring-loaded. Rail tracks are made in the left and right hook-shaped beams, each of these beams contains lower and upper supporting-fixing rails, the latter at the transitional sections are located at the same level and parallel to the left and right beams at a distance coinciding with the width between the left and right wheels of the transport trolley, and the current-carrying rail located above the middle of the transport trolley is made in the upper part of the track on dielectric fasteners. The paths in the left and right beams are made for sharing. For the possibility of individual use of automatic telephone exchanges, beams-blind alleys have been brought to the places of residence of citizens.

 An automatic vehicle containing a transport trolley with electric motors connected to the wheels by kinematic coupling, all the wheels of the transport trolley are equipped with flanges and automatic control, allows you to fix the trolley on the upper and lower rails before moving to another path using the flanges of three wheels, move the center of gravity to the last payload balancing device, after which the flanges of the three wheels on the other side of the truck, due to the rotation of the worm shaft and with the eccentricity of the mouth copulating wheel drives, to withdraw from engagement with the upper and lower rails the wheels and move them to the middle position between the rails, in which they do not interfere with the transition to a different path. The transport trolley is equipped with a frame with receiving and transmitting devices and payloads that are read out from the information track of the track on it and allows you to use the information of the track part numbers printed on the inner surface of the beams in the form of information tracks that can be magnetic and can be read from a distance of several mm by magnetic heads . In this case, the deposition of hoarfrost in winter time on the information track of the beams will not be an obstacle, but you can use the track in the form of a bar code read by lasers in combination with magnetic marks. Information from the information tracks is necessary for switching the wheels of the cart in accordance with the movement route of the vehicle, for the computer to determine the exact location of its vehicle on the way and relative to other traffic participants by their signals from their track numbers, which allows you to accurately maintain the distance between them or several distances between them, synchronization of these signals, and when two traffic flows merge into one. PBXs on the first path synchronize the signals from the tags of their path with signals from the tags on the second path and both flows seamlessly merge into one stream on the second path, because the marks on the first path coincide with the middle of the distance between the PBXs on the second path that exceed two lengths Automatic telephone exchange. The payload can be a passenger cabin or a cargo container, and since one automatic telephone exchange falls on no more than 5 m of the track, which also has two fastening cables, and the track is a hook-shaped beam, the easiest way allows you to use containers of at least three tons. All the wheels of the transport trolley are made with drives for reciprocating to the working surfaces of the upper and lower rails, and these drives for the left and right wheels are made independent of one another, allows forks to change direction and the trolley to move only along that path, with rails which are in gearing of its wheels or when gearing left and right wheels have a large amount of acceleration during acceleration and move at high speed on the rise. The payload is fixed movably on the rocker arms rigidly mounted on the frame with the ability to hold the center of gravity of the payload in three positions: under the rails of one beam, under the rails of the second beam and between them, it can significantly reduce the wear of the flanges of the wheels and track rails by holding the information track read device, as soon as the frame of the trolley begins to deviate from the track, due to the presence of gaps between the flanges of the wheels and the rails, the reader located on the frame detects e, and the computer instructs the electric motor on the screw drive of the balancing device to shift the center of gravity of the payload to the side opposite to the deflection of the frame, and the center of gravity of the payload returns exactly in the middle of the rails or between the rails on which the cart wheels are located, thereby avoiding lateral loading on flanges of wheels and rails, which also allows to prevent the buildup of the payload, for example from a gusty crosswind, at bends of the track, at transitions to another track. The frame of the transport trolley contains hinges made in the middle of the trolley, perpendicular to the axles of the wheels, with deviation angles corresponding to the minimum turning radius of the path, allowing the transport trolley to move along sharp turns of the path by holding the plane of rotation of all wheels perpendicular to the radius of turning of the path, along the turning radius of the path , and at the same time do not screech, which can be heard when the tram turns on the ring, because on railways, only the inner flange on the wheel can be used (for well-known reasons), and it is pressed against the outer rail with a large turning radius while cornering and tends to turn the car in the opposite direction from the turn - hence the rattle. On the PBX, you can use external flanges on wheels (due to the impossibility of getting off the rails), which, clinging to the inner rails with a smaller turning radius, tend to deploy the PBX due to friction resistance in the direction of rotation, thereby reducing mechanical losses and not making noise , which, in turn, allows you to create an extensive network of local paths in cities, makes it possible to connect, for example, beams - a dead end or PBX parking to any house with a small turning radius, because the smaller the turning radius of the path, the more extensive a network of paths can be created. In order to be able to control the amount of adhesion of all wheels to the track rails by the medium-wheel engine, the worm drives of the latter are slotted and spring-loaded, allows controlling the amount of coupling of wheels to the track rails by increasing or decreasing the torque of the engine, which drives the wheels engaged with the upper track rails, while squeezing the upper wheels by a larger amount than they turned on the eccentrics worms, which are on the worm shaft for the wheels of the upper rails of the mouth They are mounted on the splines and move along the shaft, loaded with return springs, thereby creating a metered load on all wheels that are meshed with rails, which allows not to overload the bearings of the wheels of the trolley above the required value, providing the necessary amount of traction to overcome steep climbs that are on the route of movement, and also provide the necessary amount of acceleration.

 Paths for automatic telephone exchanges, containing the first and second tracks, consisting of two rails each, installed on transitional sections parallel to one another, at the distance of alignment of the wheels of the transport trolley located on the first track with the rails of the second track, allows you to use one path for independent movement along it parts of the wheels of the trolley, while the other part of the wheels is free or the free wheels are engaged with the rails of the second track, and from the first track the independently moving wheels along it are removed, transferring the cent gravity of the payload on the rails of the second track balancing device, and if the free wheels are brought into engagement with the rails of the second track, the ATE continues along the first path. Thus, this allows the PBX to switch or not switch to another path without creating any interference with other exchanges. At the site of the merger of two traffic streams into one each section of the track with a length slightly exceeding the double length of the vehicle, it is marked with the number of the section of the track, and the marks on the second track are mismatched by half the length of the first track. Allows synchronization of signals from one path with signals from another path to ensure unimpeded merging of transport streams from these paths into one stream, because the label numbers of sections on these two paths do not coincide for half the segments, each of which exceeds the double length of the exchange. The merged flow before approaching the next merger restores the original distance by redistributing the free sections of the path due to an increase or decrease in speed. Suspension rail tracks made in the left and right hook-shaped beams allow the beams of such a section to withstand high tensile and bending loads and at the same time have a very low weight of about 10-30 kg / m. Therefore, even with the easiest version of the track, with a beam suspended on two cables every 5 m, which account for no more than one automatic telephone exchange, the weight of the transported container can be at least three tons. Each beam contains lower and upper support-fixing rails, the latter on the transitional sections of the track are located at the same level and in parallel in the left and right beams at a distance coinciding with the width between the left and right wheels of the transport trolley, it allows the use of forced support and fixing the wheels of the trolley between lower and upper rails to exclude any dangerous external influences on the movement of the vehicle, including during transitions from one track to another. The current-carrying rail located above the middle of the transport trolley is made in the upper part of the track with dielectric fasteners, which makes it possible to use the current collector wheel located above the transport trolley for powering the ATS, and to ensure reliable electrical contact and high mileage for any transitions to other tracks with different speeds wear of rotating contacts. The paths in the left and right beams are made with the possibility of sharing, allowing due to the twice as large traction of the wheels of the trolley with the rails in two beams to develop significantly greater speed, increase it quickly and reduce it, which is important for straight lines, where the speed can be up to 500 km / h, and for very branched paths in a big city, where speed can reach 120 km / h. For the possibility of individual use of automatic telephone exchanges, for example, to the place of residence of citizens, dead-end beams have been brought in. Due to the low traffic intensity on local lines, it is possible to use dead-end beams to approach individual houses at the level of about the second floor, from which automatic telephone exchanges can move in reverse creating obstacles to movement on local lines, and then move along its route, which greatly simplifies and reduces the cost of supplying the path to individual houses.

 Figure 1 shows a variant of the combined suspension of tracks (rigid and on cables).

 Figure 2 shows a cross section of the beam beams and the rear view of the transport trolley.

 In figure 3. the wheels of the transport trolley are shown in the state engaged with the rails.

 Figure 4 shows the wheels of the transport trolley in an unengaged state with the rails.

In FIG. 5 shows a side view of the transport trolley (the right beam-path is conventionally not shown.)
Figure 6 shows a cross section of a transport trolley along the axis of the rear wheels and the rocker balancing device.

 7. shows a cross section of a transport trolley along the axis of the middle wheels and the screw balancing device.

 On Fig shows a design variant of the drive balancing screw.

 Figure 9 shows a top view of a transport trolley.

 Figure 10 shows a diagram of the eccentric drives of the right wheels.

 Figure 11 shows a diagram of eccentric drives of the left wheels.

 In FIG. 12 shows a diagram of a section of a trunk track with a transition section.

 In FIG. 13 shows a diagram of a section of a trunk track with an exit for emergency braking and parking.

 On Fig shows a diagram of parking PBX for general use.

 In FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a section of a track with a dead end for individual use.

 An automatic vehicle (ATS) and its paths comprise a transport trolley 1 with electric motors 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mounted on a frame 8. The left wheels 9, 10, 11 and the right wheels 12, 13, 14 are kinematically connected with electric motors and each wheel has a gear with internal gearing with gears 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 axles 21, 22, 23, which are connected with gears 27, 28, 29 with their gears 24, 25, 26 in the middle part of the axes electric motors. Gears 24, 25, 26 contain braking devices 30, 31, 32. Wheels mounted on eccentric drives 33, 34, 35 — left wheels and 36, 37, 38 — right wheels; eccentricities of the drives exceed the flange height of 39 wheels. Drives 33, 34, 35 contain cuts for worm gears 40, 41, 42, made on a common shaft 43, and drives 36, 37, 38 contain cuts for worm gears 44, 45, 46 on a shaft 47 common to them, both shafts 43 and 47 have crosspieces 48 and spline connections 49, and worm gears 41 and 45 on both shafts are mounted on splines and springs 50, each shaft 43 and 47 has electric motors 51 and 52. On the transport trolley 1 there are transceiver 53 reading 54 and 55 devices from information tracks 56 and 57 located on the inner surfaces of the beam paths 58 and 59, respectively evyh and right. On the frame 8 of the trolley, on both sides of the electric motors 2, 5 and 4, 7, the rocker arms 60 and 61 are fixed rigidly with the payload 62 mounted on them on the rollers 63, for which the trolley contains a balancing device 64, which includes an electric motor 6 with an asterisk 65 connected by a chain 66 with an asterisk 67 of the balancing screw 68, both ends of which are rigidly fixed to the payload 62 between the rocker arms 60 and 61. In addition, the frame of the carriage contains articulated joints 69 and 70, made along the longitudinal axis of the carriage between the extreme and middle wheels and. The electric motor 3 is configured to control the traction of the wheels of the trolley with the upper rails 71, 72 and the lower rails 73, 74 of the beam tracks 58, 59 through the kinematic connection with the drives 34 and 37, the worm gears 41 and 45 of which are mounted on the slots and springs 50 on shafts 43 and 47. All trunk lines 75 are equipped with emergency exits and parking lots 76. Rail beams are suspended on cables 77 or on rigid mounts 78 under racks, in tunnels, ceilings, etc. A current-carrying rail 80 with an adjacent collector wheel 81, which is communicated by cable 82 through a rotating contact 83 with a power electronics unit 84, which in turn communicates with the computer control unit 85, is made above the trolley at the top of the tracks on dielectric fasteners 79. In this case, the power electronics unit is in communication with electric motors and brake devices 30, 31, 32, and the control unit with transceiver, reading devices, as well as a keypad 86 for dialing the destination code and a fare payment device 87. Beams-paths 58 and 59 contain transitional sections 88. Intra-city paths 89 of the same direction contain parking areas 90 of automatic telephone exchanges for public use. Intracity routes are connected with the main roads 75. For the possibility of individual use of automatic telephone exchanges, dead-end beams 91 have been brought to residential buildings.

 ATS works as follows.

 The passenger in the parking lot 90 sits in the automatic telephone exchange, inserts a credit card (or its analogue) into the slot of the fare payment device 87, dials the destination address code, for example, in a neighboring city, on the keypad 86, if the computer does not contain information about the specified passenger the route, then information about it is requested from the database of the transport system, and after pressing the “STROKE” button, the PBX closes, the computer of the control unit 85, using signals from the transceiver device 53, determines the exact location of other exchanges on route 89, to which it is false to leave the parking lot of 90 vehicles, according to their signals from the information marks of the track selects a safe period of time, displays the vehicle on route 89, the combined wheels 9, 10, 11 with rails 71 and 73 are engaged with them, the balancing device 64 transfers the center of gravity payload 62 to the lower rail 73, and the wheels 12, 13, 14 are disengaged from the rails 74 and 72 by the eccentric drives 36, 37, 38 by the worm shaft 47 and the electric motor 52. Next, the PBX takes the shortest route to the main line 75. cornering the middle wheels and 10 or 13 on the upper rails 71 or 72 deviate from a straight line with the wheels on the lower rails 73 and 74 and therefore, acting on the articulated joints 69 and 70 of the trolley 1, set the plane of rotation of the wheels on the lower rails perpendicular to the radius of turn, thereby reducing mechanical losses, wear of flanges and rails. Readers read the numbers of sections of the track from the information tracks and, in accordance with the route program, the control unit switches the wheels on the transition sections of the path 88 through the power electronics block, and the transceiver 53 ensures that the distance between the exchanges is maintained. When the ATS approaches the trunk line, it accelerates, and if the wheels begin to slip at the same time, which is detected by a comparison of signals from the information tracks of paths 56 and 57 and signals from the rotational speed sensors of electric motor rotors (not shown), then the torque of engine 3 increases, which leads to to turn the eccentricities of the drives 34 and 37 of the middle wheels meshed with the upper rails 71 and 72, while the worm gears 41 and 45 move on the splines of the shafts and compress the springs 50, and the wheels meshed with p rails, enhance adhesion to the surfaces of the rails and slip stops, and the increase in the torque of the middle wheels is stopped by a decrease in the current strength in the engine 3. Thus, acceleration continues until the signals from its path synchronize with the signals of the main track. After which, the telephone exchange freely enters the main line. When approaching a neighboring city, the ATC goes off the trunk track and reduces speed due to recovery, and if necessary by the braking devices 30, 31, 32 (which, in case of a power outage, are locked by springs with a force sufficient to keep the ATC on a steep descent of the path). In accordance with the route program, the PBX arrives at the desired address, the code of which was dialed by the passenger, the fare payment device 87 issues a credit card to the passenger with the paid fare and energy consumed, the passenger compartment opens, the passenger leaves, and the PBX remains in standby mode for the next passenger in the parking lot, if there are no other telephone exchanges on it, or goes on a call to where there is a shortage of telephone exchanges.

 Ensuring the safety of passengers and vehicles is as follows.

 The wheels of the trolley are switched from one path to another before reaching the fork at a distance exceeding the braking distance of the vehicle. If the cart wheels are not transferred to one of two paths at this distance to the fork, then the emergency braking of this automatic telephone exchange and all those following it will automatically turn on. After that, a team of specialists arrives at the scene, releases passengers, lowers the ATS down and traffic is restored. But with proper maintenance of the PBX and the ways this can not happen. The safety of passengers and automatic telephone exchanges is also ensured by the fact that if, along the route of the automatic telephone exchange, the load on the routes somewhere is, for example, 95%, then such automatic telephone exchange is not released from the parking lot until the load on the routes along its route decreases, for example, to 90% And since the statistics of the congestion of paths is maintained by each PBX according to signals from the path labels, the maximum congestion of paths, established, for example, at 95%, cannot be exceeded on either local or trunk routes.

 Building a Transcar is much faster and cheaper than a regular road, and the difference in the cost of operating the road and Transcar is even greater. In addition, a new mode of transport is also simple and easy to build where no road can be built at all. For example, in the tundra, and there, as you know, a significant part of the resources for the development of the country's economy. Helicopter and navigation will not solve anything for the north, nor for the rest of the country. But Transcar will solve both this and other existing acute transport problems. Transcar is the only vehicle capable of operating in the mountains, regardless of weather conditions, except for air and water, to replace all other types of passenger and a significant part of freight transport.

Claims (7)

1. An automatic vehicle containing a transport trolley with electric motors in kinematic communication with the wheels, all the wheels are equipped with flanges and automatic control, in addition, the transport trolley is equipped with reading from the track information paths, receiving and transmitting devices and payload, characterized in that all wheels of the transport trolley are made with drives for reciprocating movement to the working surfaces of the upper and lower rails, and these Drives for left and right wheels are made independent of one another. 2. The vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that the payload is fixed movably on the rocker arms, rigidly mounted on the frame of the truck with the ability to hold the center of gravity of the payload in three positions: under the rails of one beam, under the rails of the second beam and between them. 3. The vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame of the transport trolley contains hinges made in the middle of the trolley, perpendicular to the axles of the wheels, with deviation angles corresponding to the minimum turning radius of the path. 4. A vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for the possibility of controlling the amount of adhesion of all wheels to the track rails by the middle wheel engine, the worm gears of the latter are slotted and spring-loaded. 5. A path for an automatic vehicle, comprising the first and second rail tracks, consisting of two rails each and installed on transitional sections parallel to one another, at a distance of alignment of the wheels of the transport trolley located on the first track with the rails of the second track, and on the merger two traffic streams in one each section of the track, a length slightly exceeding the double length of the vehicle, is labeled with the number of the section of the track, and the marks on the second track are mismatched by half segments of the first track, characterized in that the rail tracks are made in the left and right beams of a hook-shaped cross-section, each of these beams contains lower and upper supporting-fixing rails, the latter at the transition sections are located at the same level and parallel to the left and right beams at a distance, coinciding with the width between the left and right wheels of the transport trolley, and the current-carrying rail located above the middle of the transport trolley is made in the upper part of the track on dielectric fasteners. 6. The path for an automatic vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that the rail tracks in the left and right beams are made with the possibility of sharing. 7. The path for an automatic vehicle according to claim 5, characterized in that for the possibility of individual use of an automatic vehicle to the place of residence of citizens summed up beams-blind alleys.

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