RU2215895C2 - Nozzle for internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fuel injection device of internal combustion engines. Proposed nozzle has body, spray tip with needle and spray tip body with orifices, channel to deliver fuel with underneedle space of spray tip, and gas addition feed channel. Microcapillary filter is installed in gas addition feed channel. Hydraulic radius of capillary is made within 2mcm≤r≤10mcm. Gas addition feed channel communicates directly with engine cylinder space and it is made in body of spray tip. Microcapillary filter is made in form of wire braid. EFFECT: reduced fuel consumption, improved ecological characteristics of engine, simplified design of nozzle. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a means of spraying liquid and can be used in engine building, namely in fuel systems for powering an internal combustion engine.

 A known nozzle for an internal combustion engine [1], comprising a housing, a nozzle mounted thereon with a locking needle and a nozzle body with nozzle openings, a fuel supply channel with a needle cavity of the atomizer, and a gas additive supply channel with a mixing and storage chamber equipped with a check valve .

 The disadvantages of this nozzle for an internal combustion engine are the low efficiency of the preliminary preparation of fuel before it is fed into the engine cylinder due to insufficient adjustment of the amount of gas supplied to the cyclic portion, and the supplied additive does not contain active radicals, as well as the design complexity due to the check valve.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a nozzle for an internal combustion engine [2], comprising a housing, a spray gun mounted thereon with a locking needle and a spray housing with nozzle openings, a fuel supply channel with a needle cavity of the atomizer, and a feed channel gas additive, wherein the gas additive supply channel contains a mixing and storage chamber equipped with a check valve, and the nozzle further comprises a porous ceramic-metal insert, soy inyayuschuyu additive supply passage and mixer-accumulating chamber with a sub-cavity.

 The device of this nozzle for an internal combustion engine increases the uniformity of the formation of an additive mixture with fuel before feeding it into the cylinder of the engine, but does not simplify the design of the nozzle due to the presence of a check valve.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the nozzle for an internal combustion engine comprises a housing and a spray gun mounted thereon with a locking needle and a spray housing with nozzle openings, a fuel supply channel with a needle cavity of the atomizer, and a gas additive supply channel, while in the gas supply channel additives, a microcapillary filter is installed, the hydraulic radius of the microcapillary in which is performed within 2 μm ≤ r ≤ 10 μm, and the gas additive supply channel is communicated directly with the cylinder cavity the core of the engine, while the feed channel of the gas additive is performed in the body of the atomizer body and the microcapillary filter is made in the form of a wire bundle.

 The technical result of the invention is to increase the degree of fuel preparation before feeding it into the engine cylinder and simplifying the design of the nozzle for an internal combustion engine.

 An increase in the degree of fuel preparation before it is fed into the engine cylinder is determined by the fact that a microcapillary filter is installed in the gas additive supply channel, the hydraulic radius of the microcapillary in which is performed within 2 μm ≤ r ≤ 10 μm to ensure control of the amount of gas supplied to the cyclic portion, and the gas additive supply channel is communicated directly with the cylinder cavity of the engine, thereby ensuring the formation of a fuel mixture with hot working gas saturated with products of incomplete combustion, with holding a large number of active radicals. In this case, the gas additive supply channel can be made in the body of the atomizer body.

 A simplification of the nozzle design for an internal combustion engine is achieved by the fact that a microcapillary filter is installed in the gas additive supply channel with the exception of the need to install a check valve. The absence of dynamic elements leads to greater controllability of the gas supply process. In this case, the microcapillary filter can be made in the form of a wire bundle.

- формула Генри для определения границы растворимости газа в жидкости (Р=30 МПа - давление; k=1, 2 - коэффициент растворимости по ГОСТ 305-73; ρ_Г= 0,43 кг/м³, ρ_Ж= 830 кг/м³ - плотности газа и жидкости (топлива) соответственно).The lower limit of the specified range is determined by the level of solubility of the gas in the cyclic portion of the fuel, namely

- Henry's formula for determining the boundary of gas solubility in a liquid (P = 30 MPa - pressure; k = 1, 2 - solubility coefficient according to GOST 305-73; ρ _Г = 0.43 kg / m ³ , ρ _Ж = 830 kg / m ³ - density of gas and liquid (fuel), respectively).

V _G = Q • t _C - the amount of incoming gas per cycle, where:
t _C = 0.001 s is the duration of the cycle, Q is the gas flow rate for the cycle passing through the filtration area ω = πR ² , at R = 300 μm the radius of the entire microcapillary tube.

при этом m=0,46 - показатель пористости среды, r - гидравлический радиус микрокапилляра, μ = 20•10^-6 м²/c - динамическая вязкость газа, ΔР= 100 атм - перепад давления, 1 = 0,01 м - длина микрокапиллярной трубки.

in this case, m = 0.46 is the indicator of the porosity of the medium, r is the hydraulic radius of the microcapillary, μ = 20 • 10 ^-6 m ² / s is the dynamic viscosity of the gas, ΔР = 100 atm is the pressure drop, 1 = 0.01 m is the length microcapillary tube.

где V_Ж≈150 мм³/цикл - средняя цикловая подача топлива за цикл. Отсюда следует, что

Верхний предел диапазона определен экспериментальным значением максимального гидравлического радиуса микрокапилляров r≈10 мкм, не обеспечивающим пропускание жидкости (топлива) через капиллярную среду.

where V _W ≈150 mm ³ / cycle - the average cyclic fuel supply per cycle. It follows that

The upper limit of the range is determined by the experimental value of the maximum hydraulic radius of microcapillaries r≈10 μm, which does not ensure the passage of liquid (fuel) through the capillary medium.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a nozzle according to claim 2 of the formula, and Figs. 2 and 3 show a longitudinal and transverse section of a nozzle according to claim 3, respectively.

 The nozzle for an internal combustion engine installed in the cylinder head 1 of the engine with a clearance of 2 comprises a nozzle body 3 and a nozzle fixed to it with a nut 4 with a locking needle (not shown) and a nozzle body 5 with nozzle openings 6, a fuel supply channel 7 s the needle cavity of the atomizer 8, the gas additive supply channel 9 and the microcapillary filter 10 installed therein, while the gas additive supply channel 9 communicates directly with the engine cylinder cavity. In figure 2 and 3, the microcapillary filter is made in the form of a wire bundle 11.

 The proposed nozzle for an internal combustion engine operates as follows.

 A fuel pump (not shown) through the fuel supply channel 7 injects liquid fuel into the nozzle cavity of the atomizer 8. Under the influence of fuel pressure, the shut-off needle rises and fuel is injected through nozzle openings 6 into the cylinder of the engine combustion chamber. At the end of injection, due to the discharge stroke of the discharge valve (not shown) after completion of the fuel cut-off, the pressure in the needle room of the spray gun 8 decreases sharply and through the gas additive supply channel 9 the hot working gas from the engine cylinder cavity passes through the gap 2 through the microcapillary filter 10 (or through a microcapillary filter in the form of a wire bundle 11), it seeps into the nozzle cavity of the atomizer 8, heating the fuel and forming a two-phase mixture with it between injection cycles. At the next pressure increase, a heated cyclic portion of a two-phase mixture of liquid fuel with a gas additive, bypassing the microcapillary filter, through the gap on the landing cone, formed when the needle was raised, and nozzle holes 6 are injected into the engine cylinder.

 Thus, the proposed nozzle provides better fuel preparation due to its heating with hot working gas and the formation of a two-phase mixture saturated with active radicals before injecting the cyclic portion into the engine cylinder, which contributes to increasing fuel economy and improving the environmental performance of the engine without complicating the design of the nozzle.

Sources of information
1. The power system of the internal combustion engine. Copyright certificate 1087681 (USSR), class F 02 M 25/10, 1983.

 2. Injector for internal combustion engine. Copyright certificate 1312230 (USSR), class F 02 M 61/10, 25/10, 1985.

Claims (3)

 1. An injector for an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing and a spray gun mounted thereon with a locking needle and a spray gun housing with nozzle openings, a fuel supply channel with a needle cavity of the spray gun, and a gas additive supply channel, characterized in that a gas additive supply channel is installed a microcapillary filter, the hydraulic radius of the microcapillary in which is performed within 2 μm ≤ r ≤ 10 μm, and the gas additive supply channel is communicated directly with the engine cylinder cavity.  2. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed channel of the gas additive is performed in the body of the atomizer body.  3. The nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the microcapillary filter is in the form of a wire bundle.

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